Article
Immunology
Yanchuan Li, Lele Zhu, Chun-Jung Ko, Jin-Young Yang, Hongjiao Wang, Ganiraju Manyam, Jing Wang, Xuhong Cheng, Shuli Zhao, Zuliang Jie
Summary: Li et al. demonstrate that the TRAF3-EWSR1 signaling axis functions as a critical checkpoint in regulating induced germinal center (GC) responses and immunoglobulin production. This signaling axis acts as a negative regulator of Bcl6 upregulation, thus negatively impacting GC B cell generation and IgG production.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Eve Playoust, Romain Remark, Eric Vivier, Pierre Milpied
Summary: B cells are crucial for immunity and are involved in affinity maturation and differentiation through B-cell receptor signals and signals from the microenvironment. They have been discovered to play important roles in antitumor responses in human cancers, but their dynamics and interplay are not well understood. B-cell responses involve both GC-dependent and GC-independent pathways, with affinity maturation occurring in GC reactions. Reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells leads to the production of large numbers of PCs without BCR rediversification. Multiple tools and techniques are needed to understand B-cell dynamics in immune responses. Studying TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in solid tumors can provide insights for antitumor therapies.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Theinmozhi Arulraj, Sebastian C. Binder, Michael Meyer-Hermann
Summary: The mechanisms of germinal center shutdown are still unclear. This study uses a mathematical model to identify several mechanisms that can promote germinal center contraction and shutdown, including antigen consumption, antigen masking, alterations in cell differentiation and proliferation capacity. In addition, the study proposes experimental methods to further investigate the mechanistic basis of germinal center shutdown.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Leila Eslamizar, Constantinos Petrovas, David J. Leggat, Kathryn Furr, Michelle L. Lifton, Gail Levine, Steven Ma, Christopher Fletez-Brant, Wesley Hoyland, Madhu Prabhakaran, Sandeep Narpala, Kristin Boswell, Takuya Yamamoto, Hua-Xin Liao, David Pickup, Elizabeth Ramsburg, Laura Sutherland, Adrian McDermott, Mario Roederer, David Montefiori, Richard A. Koup, Barton F. Haynes, Norman L. Letvin, Sampa Santra
Summary: The study found that MVA priming led to higher antibody binding titers and neutralizing activity compared to other vectors. Analysis of draining lymph nodes revealed that MVA-priming induced increased germinal center reactivity, characterized by higher frequencies of germinal center B cells, antigen-specific B-cell responses, and the highly differentiated Tfh-cell subset.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuexia Liao, Lijuan Fan, Peng Bin, Congrui Zhu, Qingyi Chen, Yepeng Cai, Jielin Duan, Qian Cai, Wei Han, Shizhen Ding, Xiangyu Hu, Yiran Zhang, Yulong Yin, Wenkai Ren
Summary: Recent findings suggest potential connections between neurotransmitters, intestinal mucosal immune responses, and the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This study demonstrates that deficiency of the gamma-amino butyric acid transporter-2 (GAT-2) enhances the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells in the intestines and worsens the symptoms of IgAN in a mouse model. Additionally, IgAN patients have lower GAT-2 expression and higher activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in blood B cells, both of which are correlated with kidney function in IgAN patients.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Istvan Tombacz, Emily Bettini, Katlyn Lederer, Chutamath Sittplangkoon, Joel R. Wilmore, Brian T. Gaudette, Ousamah Y. Soliman, Matthew Pine, Philip Hicks, Tomaz B. Manzoni, James J. Knox, John L. Johnson, Dorottya Laczko, Hiromi Muramatsu, Benjamin Davis, Wenzhao Meng, Aaron M. Rosenfeld, Shirin Strohmeier, Paulo J. C. Lin, Barbara L. Mui, Ying K. Tam, Katalin Kariko, Alain Jacquet, Florian Krammer, Paul Bates, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Eline T. Luning Prak, David Allman, Michela Locci, Norbert Pardi
Summary: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines have intrinsic adjuvant activity that enhances durable and protective antibody responses. Compared to the widely used MF59-like adjuvant AddaVax, this LNP formulation outperforms and relies on specific components and cytokine induction for its adjuvant activity.
Article
Immunology
Jenny Lorena Molina Estupinan, Audur Anna Aradottir Pind, Poorya Foroutan Pajoohian, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Stefania P. Bjarnarson
Summary: Immaturity of the neonatal immune system leads to increased susceptibility to diseases and poor vaccine responses. The use of adjuvants, such as dmLT and mmCT, can enhance the immune response in neonates. This study evaluated the effects of these adjuvants and different immunization routes on the immune response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in neonatal mice. The results showed that adjuvants enhanced antibody responses and influenced the route of immunization. Additionally, adjuvants promoted inflammation and immune cell formation. These findings suggest that dmLT and mmCT are promising adjuvants for early life vaccination strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sulan Zhai, Min Cao, Han Zhou, Huamin Zhu, Tongchang Xu, Yuliang Wang, Xiaoming Wang, Zhenming Cai
Summary: NSD1 plays an important role in regulating the development of B1 and B2 cells, the process of germinal center formation, and high-affinity antibody production. Deletion of NSD1 gene led to a reduction in germinal center response, decreased production of high-affinity antibodies, increased production of low-affinity antibodies, and promoted the development of B1 cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Girija Goyal, Pranav Prabhala, Gautam Mahajan, Bruce Bausk, Tal Gilboa, Liangxia Xie, Yunhao Zhai, Roey Lazarovits, Adam Mansour, Min Sun Kim, Aditya Patil, Danielle Curran, Jaclyn M. Long, Sanjay Sharma, Abidemi Junaid, Limor Cohen, Thomas C. Ferrante, Oren Levy, Rachelle Prantil-Baun, David R. Walt, Donald E. Ingber
Summary: In this study, researchers successfully cultured human ectopic lymphoid follicles with similar characteristics to lymphoid follicles in a microfluidic chip. These follicles showed improved immune responses to vaccines and can serve as an alternative to non-human primates for preclinical evaluation.
Article
Immunology
Kenneth Green, Thomas R. Wittenborn, Cecilia Fahlquist-Hagert, Ewa Terczynska-Dyla, Nina van Campen, Lisbeth Jensen, Line Reinert, Rune Hartmann, Soren R. Paludan, Soren E. Degn
Summary: Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for the quality of the antibody response to infections and vaccines. The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in B cell responses, impacting GC B cells and antibody production. Understanding the role of this pathway may have implications for vaccine design and autoimmune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mai N. Vu, Hannah G. Kelly, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer A. Juno, Robyn Esterbauer, Thomas P. Davis, Nghia P. Truong, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent
Summary: This study presents a facile method to produce lipid nanoparticle subunit vaccines that exhibit high immunogenicity and provide protection against influenza virus. The vaccines showed increased serum antibody titers and superior protection against highly pathogenic viruses, along with enhanced B cell and follicular helper T cell responses. This work facilitates the rational design and rapid production of next generation nanoparticle subunit vaccines.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dessislava Malinova, Laabiah Wasim, Rebecca Newman, Ana Martinez-Riano, Niklas Engels, Pavel Tolar
Summary: The research identified the crucial role of B-cell endosomal trafficking pathways in regulating antigen uptake, B-cell proliferation, and antibody responses, especially in germinal center B-cell reactions and high-affinity antibody production.
Review
Immunology
Yisi Lu, Joe Craft
Summary: T follicular regulatory cells are a unique subset of regulatory T cells that migrate to B cell follicles and germinal centers to maintain immune homeostasis. They use specific transcription factors to regulate immune responses, promoting humoral immunity and memory following viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Wataru Ise, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Summary: Plasma cells are specialized in secreting antibodies and generated from activated B cells, regulated by key transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. The differentiation of GC B cells into plasma cells is associated with antigen affinity and contact strength with T follicular helper cells.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Janik Riese, Celine Haehnel, Jonas Menz, Maurice Hannemann, Aydar Khabipov, Felix Luehrs, Tobias Schulze
Summary: The study reveals that S1PR(4) deficiency significantly affects the splenic architecture and germinal center response in abdominal sepsis. In addition, the motility of splenic B cells is reduced in the absence of S1PR(4), but there is only a minor reduction in the titres of specific antibodies produced.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)