Article
Immunology
Yuelin Kong, Yi Jing, Denise Allard, Marissa A. Scavuzzo, Maran L. Sprouse, Malgorzata Borowiak, Matthew L. Bettini, Maria Bettini
Summary: The contribution of low-affinity T cells to autoimmunity has been understudied due to limitations in detection methods. Our study found a population of low-affinity T cells in the pancreatic islets of prediabetic NOD mice, which exhibited reduced reactivity to self-tissue and minimal effector function but induced rapid diabetes upon transfer. These cells had transcriptional characteristics of central memory T cells and relied on TCR affinity to shape their phenotype and function. Our findings suggest that low-affinity T cells may play an important role in long-term chronic autoimmunity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Matthew Clark, Charles J. Kroger, Qi Ke, Roland M. Tisch
Summary: TCR signaling plays a crucial role in the development of T cells and the formation of self-reactive T cells, particularly in type 1 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Maki Nakayama, Aaron W. Michels
Summary: TCRs serve as unique markers that define antigen specificity for T cells, making them prime candidates for next-generation T cell biomarkers. Developing TCR biomarkers for T1D could potentially provide powerful tools for assessing disease activity and treatment development in diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang-Yi Su, Shih-Chia Huang, Pei-Chi Wei, Pang-Hung Hsu, Ju-Pi Li, Li-Wen Su, Yung-Lin Hsieh, Chun-Mei Hu, Jye-Lin Hsu, Cheng-Yuan Yang, Chen-Yen Chung, Jin-Yuh Shew, Joung-Liang Lan, Huey-Kang Sytwu, Eva Y-Hp Lee, Wen-Hwa Lee
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that NPGPx deficiency leads to T cell hyperproliferation and increased cytokine production, resulting in enhanced T-dependent immune responses and susceptibility to EAE in mice. NPGPx activates ZAP70 through redox regulation, modulating T cell responses and maintaining T cell homeostasis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shirit Dvorkin, Reut Levi, Yoram Louzoun
Summary: The study introduces an autoencoder named ELATE to represent T cell receptors as real vectors for characterizing donors and specific receptors. By combining distance conserving autoencoders and Kernel Density Estimates, local repertoire density can be estimated to study repertoire properties.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jared Ostmeyer, Jason Y. Park, Mitchell S. von Itzstein, David Hsiehchen, Farjana Fattah, Mary Gwin, Rodrigo Catalan, Shaheen Khan, Prithvi Raj, Edward K. Wakeland, Yang Xie, David E. Gerber
Summary: The baseline T-cell tolerant fraction may serve as a predictor of clinically significant immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Masashi Morita, Masayuki Mizui, Satoshi Masuyama, George C. Tsokos, Yoshitaka Isaka
Summary: The study compares the efficacy and mechanisms of action of conventional anti-CD3 antibodies and non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibodies. It demonstrates that non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibodies can effectively suppress the development of lupus by reducing surface TCR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Soeun Kim, Guk-Yeol Park, Jong Seok Park, Jiho Park, Hyebeen Hong, Yoontae Lee
Summary: The transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) plays a critical role in controlling thymic selection process, impacting both positive and negative selection of thymocytes. CIC deficiency attenuates TCR signaling in DP cells and regulates multiple genes involved in T cell development, suggesting it serves as a safeguard against autoimmunity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiang Zhao, Elizabeth M. Kolawole, Waipan Chan, Yinnian Feng, Xinbo Yang, Marvin H. Gee, Kevin M. Jude, Leah Sibener, Polly M. Fordyce, Ronald N. Germain, Brian D. Evavold, K. Christopher Garcia
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method to isolate TCR mutants that exhibit high activation signals coupled with low-affinity pMHC binding. Through this strategy, the mutant TCRs can enhance target killing potency while avoiding adverse cross-reactivity with off-target antigens.
Review
Immunology
Janine Schloeder, Fatemeh Shahneh, Franz-Joseph Schneider, Bjorn Wieschendorf
Summary: Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in immune regulation and peripheral tolerance. Current treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases focus on increasing the frequency and enhancing the function of regulatory T cells, as well as restoring the sensitivity of effector T cells to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Luo Li, Qian Chen, Xiaojian Han, Meiying Shen, Chao Hu, Siyin Chen, Jing Zhang, Yingming Wang, Tingting Li, Jingjing Huang, Shenglong Li, Yanan Hao, Aishun Jin
Summary: This study identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the blood of COVID-19 convalescents, with stronger response in the non-RBD region. CD4(+) T cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 S exhibited higher frequency than CD8(+) T cells in recovered patients, indicating potential implications for vaccine development and new therapies against COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yue Zhuo, Xin Yang, Ping Shuai, Liangliang Yang, Xueping Wen, Xuemei Zhong, Shihan Yang, Shaoxian Xu, Yuping Liu, Zhixin Zhang
Summary: The adaptive immune system is crucial in defending against diseases, and analyzing the TCR repertoire can help evaluate its potency, revealing that TCR diversity changes with age and disease conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Judith F. Ashouri, Wan-Lin Lo, Trang T. T. Nguyen, Lin Shen, Arthur Weiss
Summary: ZAP70 plays a critical role in TCR signaling, and both hypoactive and hyperactive ZAP70 can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Normal ZAP70 function is crucial for the development of thymocytes and T cells, while abnormal ZAP70 function may disrupt key checkpoints for central tolerance development, increasing the chance of self-reactive T cells escaping negative selection.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Georg Petkau, Twm J. Mitchell, Marian Jones Evans, Louise Matheson, Fiamma Salerno, Martin Turner
Summary: This article describes the role of the RNA binding protein ZFP36L1 in shaping T-cell affinity and population dynamics. ZFP36L1 promotes clonal expansion of high-affinity CD8 T cells by suppressing negative regulators of cytokine signaling and mediating a selection mechanism based on competition for IL-2.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Joerg Christoph Prinz
Summary: HLA-associated autoimmune diseases are likely caused by T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses against self-peptides presented by HLA molecules. Limited knowledge of autoantigens hinders the understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis due to antigen processing complexity and T-cell receptor polyspecificity. In HLA-class I-associated diseases, autoimmune responses target cells expressing parental proteins, while in HLA-class II-associated diseases, immunogenic peptides can originate from both extracellular and cellular self-proteins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)