Article
Neurosciences
Joana Crisostomo, Joao Duarte, Carolina Moreno, Leonor Gomes, Miguel Castelo-Branco
Summary: Type 2 diabetes leads to reductions in grey matter volume and thickness in the brain, but studies on cortical gyrification are lacking. In this study, participants with type 2 diabetes showed increased cortical gyrification primarily in sensory cortical areas, correlated with metabolic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Przemyslaw Podgorski, Joanna Bladowska, Marek Sasiadek, Anna Zimny
Summary: Novel post-processing methods allow for detailed analysis of brain volumetry and cortical shape complexity. This study analyzed changes in brain volumetry and cortical indices during aging in men and women. Results showed that male and female brains start aging at 45, but women show earlier and more complex cortical alterations with relatively longer sparing of WM volume.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alisa R. Zoltowski, Ilwoo Lyu, Michelle Failla, Lisa E. Mash, Kacie Dunham, Jacob Feldman, Tiffany G. Woynaroski, Mark T. Wallace, Laura A. Barquero, Tin Q. Nguyen, Laurie E. Cutting, Hakmook Kang, Bennett A. Landman, Carissa J. Cascio
Summary: This study examines structural differences in the brain related to autism, particularly focusing on patterns of changes in multiple regions and how age moderates group differences, especially in frontal and limbic regions. Additionally, some structural indices in sensory areas were found to either positively or negatively covary with autism-related behaviors. This approach could be beneficial for future hypothesis-driven examinations of specific brain regions in autism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arka N. Mallela, Hansen Deng, Ali Gholipour, Simon K. Warfield, Ezequiel Goldschmidt
Summary: The human cerebrum has a specific arrangement of lobes, primary gyri, and connectivity that underlies cognition. The development of this arrangement is not well understood, and current models do not explain the global configuration of the cerebral lobes. The insula, a part of the cerebrum buried in the Sylvian fissure, has unique morphology and location. This study quantitatively examines the unique development of the insula and identifies differences in migration patterns that may explain these unique characteristics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tina Meller, Simon Schmitt, Ulrich Ettinger, Phillip Grant, Frederike Stein, Katharina Brosch, Dominik Grotegerd, Katharina Dohm, Susanne Meinert, Katharina Foerster, Tim Hahn, Andreas Jansen, Udo Dannlowski, Axel Krug, Tilo Kircher, Igor Nenadic
Summary: This study found the association between subclinical psychotic-like experiences and brain structural changes, supporting a dimensional model of the neural correlates of symptoms of the psychotic spectrum.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marie-Luise Otte, Mike M. Schmitgen, Katharina M. Kubera, Nadine D. Wolf, Stefan Fritze, Lena S. Geiger, Heike Tost, Ulrich W. Seidl, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Dusan Hirjak, Robert C. Wolf
Summary: Insight into illness in schizophrenia patients is associated with distinct deviations in brain structure, especially in frontoparietal and subcortical regions. The study supports a multi-parametric neuronal model with both pre- and postnatal brain developmental factors impacting illness insight in patients with schizophrenia.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joana Crisostomo, Joao V. Duarte, Nadia Canario, Carolina Moreno, Leonor Gomes, Miguel Castelo-Branco
Summary: Type 2 diabetes affects brain structure, specifically cortical gyrification. This study investigated the impact of variations in glycemic profile over time on gyrification in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that glycemic control might influence gyrification in this metabolic disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao Fulong, Karen Spruyt, Dong Xiaosong, Cao Zhaolong, Zhang Jun, Han Fang
Summary: The study investigated morphological changes in the cortex of narcolepsy patients, showing differences between adolescent and adult patients. Factors such as age, sleepiness severity, and hallucinations were found to impact brain morphological changes in narcolepsy patients.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
KangCheng Wang, YuFei Hu, ChaoGan Yan, MeiLing Li, YanJing Wu, Jiang Qiu, XingXing Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the brain morphology of depressed patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM) methods, and identified differences between first-episode and recurrent patients. These findings offer a promising multivariate approach for identifying potential neurobiological markers for depression.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Brendan Tan, Rosita Shishegar, Alex Fornito, Govinda Poudel, Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis
Summary: This study investigated cortical folding in Huntington's disease and found significant changes in the local gyrification index and cortical thickness in affected brain regions. These changes were more pronounced in individuals with higher disease burden scores. The findings highlight the importance of studying cortical morphometry in understanding the progression of Huntington's disease.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian G. Rash, Jon I. Arellano, Alvaro Duque, Pasko Rakic
Summary: The convolutions of the mammalian cerebral cortex allow for enlargement of its surface and the addition of new functional areas while minimizing expansion of the skull. Neurodevelopmental disorders in humans are often associated with impaired cortical folding. Research suggests that the primary forces driving cortical folding include neuronal growth, formation of neuropil, glial cell intercalation, and the growth of subcortical white matter.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tommaso Ballarini, Elizabeth Kuhn, Sandra Roeske, Slawek Altenstein, Claudia Bartels, Friederike Buchholz, Katharina Buerger, Peter Dechent, Laura Dobisch, Michael Ewers, Klaus Fliessbach, Silka Dawn Freiesleben, Ingo Frommann, Tatjana Gabelin, Wenzel Glanz, Doreen Goerss, John Dylan Haynes, Enise I. Incesoy, Daniel Janowitz, Ingo Kilimann, Luca Kleineidam, Xenia Kobeleva, Christoph Laske, Andrea Lohse, Franziska Maier, Matthias H. Munk, Robert Perneczky, Oliver Peter, Josef Priller, Boris-Stephan Rauchman, Nina Roy, Klaus Scheffler, Anja Schneider, Bjorn H. Schott, Annika Spottke, Eike Jakob Sprut, Stefan Teipel, Jens Wiltfang, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Emrah Duezel, Frank Jessen, Michael Wagner
Summary: Previous studies have shown that bilingualism has a protective effect against dementia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bilingualism at different life stages on cognition and brain structure in older adulthood. The findings revealed that bilingual individuals who used both languages in their early and middle life stages performed better in learning and memory tasks compared to monolinguals. However, there was no significant effect of bilingualism in the old life stage. These results suggest that bilingualism in early life may have a long-lasting protective effect on cognition and shape the brain to sustain cognitive performance in older adulthood.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anjan Bhattarai, Zhaolin Chen, Phyllis Chua, Paul Talman, Susan Mathers, Caron Chapman, James Howe, C. M. Sarah Lee, Yenni Lie, Govinda R. Poudel, Gary F. Egan
Summary: This study investigates the spread of pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) using a Network Diffusion Model (NDM), and reveals the involvement of the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in seeding the spread of pathology in ALS. The study also highlights the spatial shifts in the seeds of degeneration over time. These findings have implications for the design of therapeutic interventions in ALS.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Cathelijne Steegers, Elisabet Blok, Sander Lamballais, Vincent Jaddoe, Fabio Bernardoni, Meike Vernooij, Jan van der Ende, Manon Hillegers, Nadia Micali, Stefan Ehrlich, Pauline Jansen, Gwen Dieleman, Tonya White
Summary: This study revealed an association between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in children, showing that children with lower and higher BMI-SDS values had lower gyrification in widespread brain areas. In addition, BMI-SDS had a positive linear association with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlu Wang, Behzad S. Khorashad, Jamie D. Feusner, Ivanka Savic
Summary: Gender incongruence may originate in the neurodevelopment of brain regions encoding body image and body ownership.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jan Stochl, Hannah Jones, Emma Soneson, Adam P. Wagner, Golam M. Khandaker, Stanley Zammit, Jon Heron, Gemma Hammerton, Edward T. Bullmore, Ray Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Ian M. Goodyer, J. Perez, Peter B. Jones
Summary: Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tanja Jaeckle, Steven C. R. Williams, Gareth J. Barker, Rodrigo Basilio, Ewan Carr, Kimberley Goldsmith, Alessandro Colasanti, Vincent Giampietro, Anthony Cleare, Allan H. Young, Jorge Moll, Roland Zahn
Summary: Self-guided psychological intervention with additional fMRI neurofeedback targeting self-blaming emotions showed potential in reducing symptoms in non-anxious MDD patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Arjun Sethi, Suzanne O'Brien, James Blair, Essi Viding, Mitul Mehta, Christine Ecker, Nigel Blackwood, Moira Doolan, Marco Catani, Stephen Scott, Declan G. M. Murphy, Michael C. Craig
Summary: This study found that parenting interventions can reduce antisocial behavior in some children, but not in others. The study also identified abnormal brain activity as a significant factor associated with persistent antisocial behavior. The results suggest that addressing the underlying brain activity may be necessary to effectively treat behavior problems in children.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gavin R. Stewart, Anne Corbett, Clive Ballard, Byron Creese, Dag Aarsland, Adam Hampshire, Helen Brooker, Rebecca A. Charlton, Francesca Happe
Summary: Cognitive differences in memory, information processing speed, and executive functions are common in autistic and high autistic trait populations. Older adults with high autistic traits experience more difficulties in memory, IPS, and EF tasks compared to those with low autistic traits. Further research is needed to examine age-related changes in cognitive profiles of older adults with autism traits.
Article
Neurosciences
Iva Ilioska, Marianne Oldehinkel, Alberto Llera, Sidhant Chopra, Tristan Looden, Roselyne Chauvin, Daan Van Rooij, Dorothea L. Floris, Julian Tillmann, Carolin Moessnang, Tobias Banaschewski, Rosemary J. Holt, Eva Loth, Tony Charman, Declan G. M. Murphy, Christine Ecker, Maarten Mennes, Christian F. Beckmann, Alex Fornito, Jan K. Buitelaar
Summary: This study found a brainwide pattern of hypo- and hyperconnectivity in individuals with autism, primarily affecting sensory and higher-order attention networks, as well as the default mode network and subcortex. These connectivity alterations were stable and trait-like features of autism, independent of age and sex, and correlated with social difficulties, restrictive and repetitive behaviors, and alterations in sensory processing.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Jennifer G. Cox, Marius de Groot, James H. Cole, Steven C. R. Williams, Matthew J. Kempton
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Marie-Stephanie Cahart, Owen O'Daly, Vincent Giampietro, Maarten Timmers, Johannes Streffer, Steven Einstein, Fernando Zelaya, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Steven C. R. Williams
Summary: This study compared the reliability of conventional single-band fMRI and different multiband (MB) fMRI acquisitions with and without in-plane acceleration across multiple scanning sessions. It found that for cortical areas, MB factor 4 without in-plane acceleration had the highest reliability, while for subcortical areas, conventional single-band fMRI was more reliable.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy Lawn, Daniel Martins, Owen O'Daly, Steve Williams, Matthew Howard, Ottavia Dipasquale
Summary: Placing a patient under anesthesia is crucial in surgical practice, but the mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs affect consciousness are poorly understood. Using REACT, a multi-modal imaging technique, this study investigated how different levels of propofol-induced sedation affect neurotransmission-related functional connectivity. The results showed that propofol increased GABA-A and noradrenaline transporter-enriched functional connectivity in occipital and somatosensory regions, respectively. During auditory stimulation, the dopaminergic network exhibited reduced functional connectivity, particularly in bilateral temporal and mid/posterior cingulate cortices, with an interaction between auditory stimulation and level of consciousness observed in the right temporal cluster. By integrating micro- and macro-scale systems, this study provides evidence for direct GABAergic and indirect noradrenergic and dopaminergic-related network changes under propofol sedation, highlighting the utility of REACT in exploring the molecular substrates of consciousness and cognition.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth ONions, Irene Petersen, Joshua E. J. Buckman, Rebecca Charlton, Claudia Cooper, Anne Corbett, Francesca Happe, Jill Manthorpe, Marcus Richards, Rob Saunders, Cathy Zanker, Will Mandy, Joshua Stott
Summary: This study estimated the numbers of diagnosed and undiagnosed autistic individuals in England and examined the differences in diagnostic rates based on socio-demographic factors. The results showed a higher prevalence of diagnosed autism in children/young people compared to adults/older adults. Age-related inequalities were also evident in new diagnoses, indicating the urgent need to improve access to adult autism diagnostic services.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Martina Arenella, Rugile Matuleviciute, Ryad Tamouza, Marion Leboyer, Grainne Mcalonan, Janita Bralten, Declan Murphy
Summary: The article discusses the genetic factors underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD), highlighting the role of the immune system and its genetic regulators. Through a systematic review of previous studies, the researchers identified immune genes relevant to ASD and found that these genes not only regulate immune function but also control neurodevelopment processes. The findings suggest that perturbations in immune genes may contribute to ASD by affecting typical neurodevelopment trajectories.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siofra Heraty, Alexandra Lautarescu, David Belton, Alison Boyle, Pietro Cirrincione, Mary Doherty, Sarah Douglas, Jan Roderik Derk Plas, Katrien Van Den Bosch, Pierre Violland, Jerneja Tercon, Amber Ruigrok, Declan G. M. Murphy, Thomas Bourgeron, Christopher Chatham, Eva Loth, Bethany Oakley, Grainne M. Mcalonan, Tony Charman, Nicolaas Puts, Louise Gallagher, Emily J. H. Jones
Summary: A change in research culture is needed to improve the relationship between autistic people and the biomedical research community. Through participatory research, we can reject negative perceptions of autism and work towards a shared vision that embraces neurodiversity.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
A. M. van Eeghen, D. Stemkens, Jose Ramon Fernandez-Fructuoso, A. Maruani, K. Hadzsiev, I. D. C. van Balkom
Summary: This paper proposes consensus recommendations for the organization of care for individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), emphasizing the need for expert and multidisciplinary care. The care framework is placed within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to comprehensively assess functioning and disability. Different care roles and disciplines participating in a multidisciplinary team are described, along with recommendations for transition from pediatric to adult care. These care propositions may also be applicable to individuals with other rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria A. Mendez, Bethany Oakley, Roberto Canitano, Antonia San Jose-Caceres, Michela Tinelli, Martin Knapp, James Cusack, Mara Parellada, Pierre Violland, Jan R. Derk Plas, Ricardo Canal-Bedia, Alvaro Bejarano-Martin, Declan G. M. Murphy, Vinciane Quoidbach, Celso Arango
Summary: There is a lack of harmonized guidelines in Europe for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention for autism, leading to unsatisfactory experiences for autistic individuals and their caregivers. The analysis of care pathways in Italy, Spain, and the UK revealed long wait times for screening and diagnosis, limited information and support, and deficient family support throughout the journey.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Michela Tinelli, Aine Roddy, Martin Knapp, Celso Arango, Maria Andreina Mendez, James Cusack, Declan Murphy, Roberto Canitano, Bethany Oakley, Vinciane Quoidbach
Summary: This study used simulation modeling to analyze the long-term cost-effectiveness of the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT). The results showed that PACT is cost-saving over time from a societal perspective, particularly after 6 years, as it reduces the costs of unpaid care provided by parents.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)