Article
Geology
Selma Sari, Ali Mohammadi, Georg Schwamborn, Negar Haghipour, Byung Yong Yu, Kursad Kadir Eris, Razyeh Lak
Summary: This study examines the Late Quaternary depositional history and paleoclimate variations of hypersaline Urmia Lake in northwest Iran using a sediment core and Artemia faecal pellets. The research reveals that the lake level lowering during Marine Isotope Stage 3 is characterized by a decrease in faecal pellets and an increase in coated grains, sulphate minerals, and reworked shell fragments. The stable isotopes measured from faecal pellet carbonates suggest a link between precipitation and evaporation balance in the lake over time.
Article
Geography, Physical
Sabrina R. Brown, Rosine Cartier, Christopher M. Schiller, Petra Zahajska, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Lisa A. Morgan, Cathy Whitlock, Daniel J. Conley, Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, W. C. Pat Shanks
Summary: The study of the paleoenvironmental evolution of Yellowstone Lake revealed long-term climate trends and responses of the lake and its catchment area to climate factors, highlighting the impact of regional climate on environmental changes over long periods of time.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrey Fedotov, Ruslan Gnatovsky, Vadim Blinov, Maria Sakirko, Valentina Domysheva, Olga Stepanova
Summary: This study revised the delta O-18 and delta H-2 status of Lake Baikal, finding that the lake's isotopic composition is lighter compared to regional precipitation and river inflows. The isotopic composition of the lake has begun to change since 1920, and it is expected to reach a steady state in approximately 226 years.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xi Zhang, Jiaqi Chen, Jiansheng Chen, Fenyan Ma, Tao Wang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between groundwater and lakes in Qaidam Basin using satellite images, meteorological data, and isotope analysis. It finds that groundwater, including glacial meltwater and water from other basins, significantly contributes to lake expansion. The study also suggests that earthquakes may be an important mechanism for lake expansion.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Courtney Holden, T. Kurtis Kyser, Fred J. Longstaffe, Yuxiang Wang, John M. Casselman
Summary: The stable isotope compositions of otoliths can provide thermal histories of fish. This study focused on catadromous species, the American eel, and developed an isotopic fractionation equation to determine its thermal history in freshwater. The results showed that otolith growth can be decoupled from body growth, and the equation accurately predicted water temperature for the otoliths. This study has important implications for understanding the thermal history of wild eels.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zuxue Jin, Jingfu Wang, Ruixue Zhang, Peng Liao, Yong Liu, Jiaojiao Yang, Jingan Chen
Summary: Phosphorus (P) released from sediment can increase the concentrations of dissolved P in water, leading to algal blooms. Identifying the sources of sediment P is crucial for managing P and restoring eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. This study used chemical sequential extraction and oxygen isotopic compositions to identify the source of inorganic P in Lake Dianchi sediments. The results revealed complex transformation processes of different P fractions in sediments and provided insights into the source and biogeochemical cycling of P in eutrophic lakes.
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Richard M. Gaschnig, Shelby T. Rader, Christopher T. Reinhard, Jeremy D. Owens, Noah Planavsky, Xiangli Wang, Dan Asael, Allison Greaney, Rosalind Helz
Summary: Stable molybdenum, thallium, and uranium isotope ratios were analyzed in samples from the 1959 Kilauea eruption and Kilauea Iki lava lake to understand the effects of igneous differentiation. The study found no significant variation in molybdenum and uranium isotope systems, while thallium isotopes showed minor changes. Overall, differentiation in tholeiitic systems was determined to have a low impact on global variation in these isotope systems.
Article
Geography, Physical
Shuai Hao, Fadong Li
Summary: Desert vegetation plays a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and maintaining ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid environments. This study investigated four types of typical desert vegetation and identified their water sources and utilization proportions throughout the entire growth period. The results indicated significant differences in water use sources during the growing period for desert vegetation in arid areas.
JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Xu Wang, Lianjun Feng, Fred J. Longstaffe, Zuoling Chen, Min Zhu, Hongwei Li, Linlin Cui, Guangpeng Du, Zhongli Ding
Summary: The study investigates the dynamic redox changes in a large lake in central China during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) using isotopic methods. Three major anoxic episodes were identified, likely caused by thermal stratification in the lake. The findings suggest that current global warming may lead to similar ecological stress in large lakes through enhanced nutrient fluxes and expansion of anoxic zones.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Huawu Wu, Qi Huang, Congsheng Fu, Fan Song, Jinzhao Liu, Jing Li
Summary: The interactions between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake are undergoing rapid changes due to human activities and climate change. The isotopic compositions in river and lake water show temporal heterogeneity across seasons but spatial homogeneity, suggesting the influence of local precipitation, groundwater, and lake hydrology. The study also highlights the importance of precipitation as the main water source for the lake and river, as well as the impact of Three Gorges Dam regulation and water discharge in the complex lake-river interactions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geology
Pei Guo, Huaguo Wen, Monica Sanchez-Roman
Summary: This study investigates the distribution, paragenesis and stable isotopes of main Mg-rich minerals in the Late Palaeozoic saline alkaline lake deposit of the north-west Junggar Basin, north-west China, to understand the influence of Eitelite, Northupite and Mg-clays on dolomite formation. The results suggest that dolomite in the organic-rich sediments is organogenic and its formation is influenced by methanogenesis driven by pH fluctuations. High salinity and high alkalinity are not always favorable conditions for dolomite formation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Minghui Li, Liping Zhu, Junbo Wang, Jianting Ju, Chong Liu, Qingfeng Ma, Teng Xu, Baojin Qiao, Xiaoxiao Wang
Summary: This study analyzed a sediment core from Guozha Co on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the impact of glacial meltwater on lake responses during the Holocene. The results revealed three stages of lake evolution and identified significant climatic events, including a 4.2 kyr BP cold event. Glaciers and lakes in the region exhibit opposite changes, with glaciers retreating and lakes expanding due to climate influence. The study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of lakes and glaciers in response to climate variability.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Nelson, David Basler, Ansgar Kahmen
Summary: A framework using machine learning has been developed to calculate isotope time series at monthly resolution for precipitation, improving the accuracy of precipitation isotope model predictions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Michael J. Dorais, Stephen Campbell
Summary: The Flagstaff Lake Igneous Complex in western Maine contains three phases of garnet-bearing, strongly peraluminous rocks: Loon Lake, Quarry Phase A, and Quarry Phase B. The garnet in the Loon Lake phase has δ818O values of 10 permil, matching a minor subset of accompanying zircon. Most zircons in this phase have higher δ818O values, suggesting contamination after garnet crystallization. The garnets in Quarry Phase A and Phase B have different isotopic compositions, indicating different crystallization processes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lanlan Zheng, Chunlu Jiang, Xing Chen, Yanhao Li, Chang Li, Liugen Zheng
Summary: The input of pollutants from human activities deteriorates the surface water quality in Chaohu Lake Basin. The hydrochemical characteristics and stable isotope composition of lake water and inflow river water were analyzed to understand the influence of human activities. The results show that the water chemistry and ions in surface water are affected by both rock weathering and human activities. The stable isotope analysis indicates that surface water mainly originates from precipitation. Pollution indicators suggest severe pollution in certain rivers due to sewage and agricultural fertilizers.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Goutam Konapala, Ashok K. Mishra, Yoshihide Wada, Michael E. Mann
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Ricardo Locarnini, Bin Zhang, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Michael E. Mann, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan, Jiang Zhu
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael E. Mann, Byron A. Steinman, Daniel J. Brouillette, Sonya K. Miller
Summary: Research suggests that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation may actually be influenced by competing effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols, rather than being an internal climate oscillation. By comparing climate model simulations and paleoclimate data, it is concluded that the apparent multidecadal oscillations are likely artifacts of volcanic activity during the preindustrial era, projecting onto the 50- to 70-year frequency band. Thus, there is currently no compelling evidence for internal multidecadal oscillations in the climate system.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sourav Mukherjee, Ashok Kumar Mishra, Michael E. Mann, Colin Raymond
Summary: Globally, heat stress is expected to increase rapidly in the coming decades, with extreme temperature and humidity becoming more frequent and severe. In the contiguous United States, the potential impact of summer heat stress is likely to more than triple in densely populated regions by the end of this century, particularly under high emissions scenarios. Climate change will exacerbate this impact, doubling the risk in certain coastal and lakeside regions, highlighting the need for aggressive mitigation efforts.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Ricardo Locarnini, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Zhetao Tan, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan
Summary: The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to a rise in ocean heat content and the warming of the world ocean. In 2021, the ocean reached its highest temperature on record, with an annual ocean heat content value surpassing the previous record by approximately 14 to 16 zetta joules. Long-term ocean warming is more prominent in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans and is primarily attributed to the increasing concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The year-to-year variation in ocean heat content is mainly influenced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Significant warming is observed in the Indian, Tropical Atlantic, North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, North Pacific, Southern Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea, with four out of seven regions showing record-high heat content in 2021. The anomalous global and regional ocean warming identified in this study should be considered in climate risk assessments, adaptation, and mitigation efforts.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael E. Mann, Byron A. Steinman, Daniel J. Brouillette, Alejandro Fernandez, Sonya K. Miller
Summary: This study tested the effectiveness of methods designed to remove forced variability from proxy-based climate reconstructions and estimate residual internal variability. The results showed that regression-based methods fail to accurately estimate internal variability when uncertainties in the underlying natural radiative forcing are present.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael E. Mann
Summary: Studying paleoclimate records and climate model simulations of the Common Era can provide valuable insights into human-caused climate change and its impacts. The hockey stick curve, despite its apparent simplicity, actually reflects the dynamicism and complexity of climate history.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Byron A. Steinman, Nathan D. Stansell, Michael E. Mann, Colin A. Cooke, Mark B. Abbott, Mathias Vuille, Broxton W. Bird, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alejandro Fernandez
Summary: Uncertainty about the influence of anthropogenic radiative forcing on the position and strength of convective rainfall in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) inhibits our ability to project future tropical hydroclimate change in a warmer world. Paleoclimatic and modeling data inform on the timescales and mechanisms of ITCZ variability, yet a comprehensive, long-term perspective remains elusive. The study quantifies the evolution of neotropical hydroclimate over the past millennium and shows an interhemispheric pattern of precipitation antiphasing occurred on multicentury timescales in response to changes in natural radiative forcing. This reinforces the idea that ITCZ responses to external forcing are region specific, complicating projections of the tropical precipitation response to global warming.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
John Abraham, Lijing Cheng, Michael E. Mann, Kevin Trenberth, Karina von Schuckmann
Summary: The ocean's thermal inertia has irreversible impacts on human society. Human actions to address climate change need to be examined from the perspective of the ocean. In the short term, goals like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are critical, while achieving global carbon neutrality targets will require ongoing efforts to reduce emissions. In the long term, adaptation and mitigation plans must be fully implemented, and the Global Ocean Observation System must be sustained for continuous monitoring. Risky scenarios such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise require long-term planning that integrates high impact, low probability risks.
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueying Li, Di Long, Bridget R. Scanlon, Michael E. Mann, Xingdong Li, Fuqiang Tian, Zhangli Sun, Guangqian Wang
Summary: The Tibetan Plateau, as a major freshwater source for Asia, is experiencing significant net loss in terrestrial water storage, especially in the Amu Darya and Indus basins. Factors such as glacier retreat, lake expansion, and subsurface water loss contribute to this trend. The projected decline in water-supply capacity poses a critical water resource threat to these regions.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Ricardo Locarnini, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Licheng Feng, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan, Guancheng Li
Summary: Changes in ocean heat content, salinity, and stratification serve as critical indicators for Earth's energy and water cycles, which have been significantly impacted by human activities and greenhouse gas emissions. The year 2022 witnessed the highest ocean heat content on record, surpassing the previous maximum. The salinity-contrast index also reached a record high, indicating an intensification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional oceanic changes were driven by a strong La Nina event, and the global upper-ocean stratification continued to increase, ranking among the top seven in 2022.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kumar P. Tripathy, Sourav Mukherjee, Ashok K. Mishra, Michael E. Mann, A. Park Williams
Summary: Compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events have significant impacts on agriculture, energy, water resources, and ecosystems and have garnered increased attention. This study quantifies the future shifts in CDHW characteristics due to continued anthropogenic warming, revealing statistically significant trends in CDHW characteristics. The frequency of CDHWs is projected to increase in Asia, Central Europe, and Southeastern South America, while the severity is projected to increase in the Northern Hemisphere. Regional warmings play a significant role in CDHW changes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Lijing Cheng, Karina von Schuckmann, John P. Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, Michael E. Mann, Laure Zanna, Matthew H. England, Jan D. Zika, John T. Fasullo, Yongqiang Yu, Yuying Pan, Jiang Zhu, Emily R. News, Ben Bronselaer, Xiaopei Lin
Summary: This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future ocean heat content (OHC) changes using observations and models. The top 2,000 m of the global ocean has significantly warmed since the 1950s, with the rate of warming increasing over the decades. The observed warming is largest in the Atlantic Ocean and southern oceans, and the projected future warming will have extensive impacts on marine ecosystems and society.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Gerald A. Meehl, Jadwiga H. Richter, Haiyan Teng, Antonietta Capotondi, Kim Cobb, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Markus G. Donat, Matthew H. England, John C. Fyfe, Weiqing Han, Hyemi Kim, Ben P. Kirtman, Yochanan Kushnir, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Michael E. Mann, William J. Merryfield, Veronica Nieves, Kathy Pegion, Nan Rosenbloom, Sara C. Sanchez, Adam A. Scaife, Doug Smith, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Lantao Sun, Diane Thompson, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Initialized climate predictions offer distinct benefits for multiple stakeholders on subseasonal, seasonal, and decadal timescales. While there have been some skilful predictions in various areas, challenges remain, and future efforts should focus on reducing model error, improving communication of forecasts, and enhancing process and mechanistic understanding to increase predictive skill and confidence.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
International Relations
Michael Mann
Summary: The first 100 days of the presidency are crucial for winning over potential allies in the middle and playing hardball with Congresspeople influenced by the fossil fuel industry.
BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS
(2021)
