Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Verda Saygin, Bowen Xu, Sean B. Andersson, Keith A. Brown
Summary: This study presents a closed-loop method for patterning liquid samples at nanoscale using scanning probe lithography, achieving high accuracy and precision through the use of tipless scanning probes and a novel two-harmonic inertial sensing scheme. By combining fluid mechanics-based iterative control, real-time closed-loop control over patterning is achieved, making scanning probe lithography of liquids a promising candidate for nanoscale manipulation of liquids in high-throughput chemistry.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ze-Qi Li, Ping Guo, Yi-Ge Zhou
Summary: Dip-pen nanolithography is a scanning probe lithography technique that can write inks directly on a surface with high resolution. It has enabled a wide range of applications in synthesizing nanomaterials and various other fields over the past two decades.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Verda Saygin, Sean B. Andersson, Keith A. Brown
Summary: This article introduces a novel method for programmable nanopatterning of liquid features at the fg-scale using ultrafast atomic force microscopy probes, spherical tips, and inertial mass sensing. It is found that sphere-tipped ultrafast probes can reliably pattern hundreds of features. Analysis of the changes in vibrational resonance frequency during the process reveals that drift can be removed through systematic correction. The study also shows that the mass of transferred fluid can be modulated by retraction speed and dwell time, and liquid features as small as 6 fg can be patterned and resolved.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lisa Schlichter, Florian Bosse, Bonnie J. J. Tyler, Heinrich F. F. Arlinghaus, Bart Jan Ravoo
Summary: Nanoparticles with unique properties are patterned onto unmodified silicon substrates using dip pen nanolithography. Different types of nanoparticles can be used for writing nanostructures, including hydrophilic citrate and cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles and poly(acrylic) acid decorated magnetite nanoparticles. The deposition process is fast and can be done within 0.1 s. The resulting feature sizes range from 300 to 1780 nm and the heights of the deposited structures correspond to a single or double layer of nanoparticles. Dip pen nanolithography offers a versatile method for patterning nanoparticles on silicon substrates.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eider Berganza, Evgeniy Boltynjuk, George Mathew, Fabio Fernando Vallejo, Roland Groeger, Torsten Scherer, Sylwia Sekula-Neuner, Michael Hirtz
Summary: In this study, a fluid phase phospholipid ink is used as a building block for structuring 2D and 3D metallic structures. Two processes are presented which rely on serum albumin to anchor lipids on the substrate and create stable lipid-based scaffolds for building metallic structures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guoqiang Liu, Mingming Rong, Hong Hu, Lina Chen, Zhuang Xie, Zijian Zheng
Summary: Dip-pen nanolithography has been developed to enable microscale 3D printing capability by designing specific ink, and can generate arbitrary 3D structures. This development will arouse interest in fundamental research and practical applications in the field.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mahmoud Behzadirad, Stephan Mecholdt, John N. Randall, Joshua B. Ballard, James Owen, Ashwin K. Rishinaramangalam, Alexander Reum, Teodor Gotszalk, Daniel F. Feezell, Ivo W. Rangelow, Tito Busani
Summary: This article introduces the use of GaN nanowires as materials for scanning probe lithography and microscopy, with a low-cost fabrication process and the ability to provide sub-10 nm lithography and atomic scale resolution. GaN nanowires perform well in advanced SPL and imaging.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ki Hong Park, Jeong-Sik Jo, Jinho Choi, Min Jung Kim, Kwun-Bum Chung, Young Ki Hong, Dong Hyuk Park, Jae-Won Jang
Summary: With the assistance of dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), the electron donor or acceptor behavior of a concentration-adjusted AuCl3 ink on a MoS2 thin-film transistor can be altered. Low concentration AuCl3 ink increases the mobility of MoS2, while high concentration AuCl3 ink decreases the mobility.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haonan Li, Zhao Wang, Fengwei Huo, Shutao Wang
Summary: Dip-pen nanolithography is a surface modification technique that allows direct and controllable writing of micro/nano-array patterns on diverse substrates. It has shown high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and fast response in target analyte detection and specific cellular recognition, making it a promising technology for fabricating versatile sensing biochips.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hui-Yu Liu, Ravi Kumar, Chunting Zhong, Saleh Gorji, Liliia Paniushkina, Ramsha Masood, Uwe A. Wittel, Harald Fuchs, Irina Nazarenko, Michael Hirtz
Summary: A novel EV-capture strategy based on supported lipid membrane microarrays is proposed, enabling highly selective and efficient capture of EVs. The platform offers rapid capture, high specificity, and sensitivity, with only a small need in analyte volume. The nucleic acid cargo of captured EVs is retained on the lipid array, providing potential for downstream analysis.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nikolaos Farmakidis, Jacob L. Swett, Nathan Youngblood, Xuan Li, Charalambos Evangeli, Samarth Aggarwal, Jan A. Mol, Harish Bhaskaran
Summary: Nanocalligraphy scanning probe lithography (nc-SPL) overcomes the limitations of conventional scanning probe lithography by achieving real-time adjustment of structures at the micron to nanometer scales, improving throughput, tip longevity, and reliability, and can be applied in both positive and negative tone patterning modes.
MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fruncillo, Yeow Teck Toh, Christopher F. Blanford, Xiaodi Su, Hong Liu, Lu Shin Wong
Summary: This study compares the enzymatic activity of nanoscale arrays bearing the oxidase CotA that are produced by two lithographic methods: polymer pen lithography (PPL) and stepper photolithography. The results show that while the photolithography method initially gives higher oxidation activities, the arrays degrade more rapidly compared to those produced by PPL. However, once adjusted for passivation and surface area differences, the immobilized enzymes give essentially the same activity regardless of the lithographic method used.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lorenzo Ramo, Maria Caterina Giordano, Giulio Ferrando, Paolo Canepa, Francesca Telesio, Luca Repetto, Francesco Buatier de Mongeot, Maurizio Canepa, Francesco Bisio
Summary: Thermal scanning-probe lithography (t-SPL) is a noninvasive high-resolution nanolithography technique that can be used for nanopatterning on thermosensitive materials and optically transparent substrates without altering the optical properties of the sample. This was achieved by intercalating a transparent conductive oxide film between the substrate and the patterning layer.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tanweepriya Das, James D. Smith, Md Hemayet Uddin, Raymond R. Dagastine
Summary: The size, shape, and chemical properties of nanoparticles play an important role in modulating the properties of particle suspensions. This study introduces a novel pathway to produce monodispersed anisotropic nano- and microparticles with different shapes and materials. Compared to existing methods, this nanolithographic method is fast, easy to prototype, and mechanically simple. The combination of thermal scanning probe lithography and dry reactive ion etching allows for the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional templates, which can be used to deposit different metal/metal oxides and create a range of nanomaterials. The developed method shows great reproducibility, flexibility, and control over the shape and size of monodispersed anisotropic nanoparticles.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ping Wang, Shuyi Bao, Shuqian Qiao, Ce Li, Zhang Jiang, Hao Song, Yilin Wang, Qiuqiang Zhan, Ling Huang
Summary: We introduce a high-throughput method for generating lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) arrays using polymer pen lithography (PPL). Instead of expensive materials, two types of polymers are employed, with one serving as the ink carrier and the other as the chelator for successful patterning of metal ions. The coordination between the chelator polymer and rare earth ions allows for good ink mobility. Additionally, small molecules with functional groups can also serve as chelators, expanding the ink library for PPL.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gokay Yamankurt, Robert J. Stawicki, Diana M. Posadas, Joseph Q. Nguyen, Richard W. Carthew, Chad A. Mirkin
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ekta Rani, Siti Akhtar Mohshim, Nor Hidayat Yusof, Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad, Royston Goodacre, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad, Lu Shin Wong
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kwahun Lee, Ziyin N. Huang, Chad A. Mirkin, Teri W. Odom
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cassandra E. Callmann, Lisa E. Cole, Caroline D. Kusmierz, Ziyin Huang, Dai Horiuchi, Chad A. Mirkin
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Lei Qin, Shuya Wang, Donye Dominguez, Alan Long, Siqi Chen, Jie Fan, Jihae Ahn, Kacper Skakuj, Ziyin Huang, Andrew Lee, Chad Mirkin, Bin Zhang
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily I. Sparkes, Rachel A. Kettles, Chisom S. Egedeuzu, Natalie L. Stephenson, Stephanie A. Caslin, S. Yasin Tabatabaei Dakhili, Lu Shin Wong
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zachary J. Urbach, Sarah S. Park, Steven L. Weigand, James E. Rix, Byeongdu Lee, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: The study demonstrates that in a magnetic field, cubic Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with DNA can exhibit unexpected crystallographic alignment of the entire superlattice, expanding the potential of crystal engineering with DNA through physical and chemical control.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ho Fung Cheng, Shunzhi Wang, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: Recent studies have shown that PAEs can behave as electron equivalents at small size and low DNA grafting density, however, the polydispersity in the number of DNA strands on the surfaces of these NPs limits the structural uniformity and tailorability of NP-based EEs. By assembling molecularly precise EEs with complementary NP-based PAEs, three distinct metallic phases can be formed, demonstrating that molecular-based EEs can influence specific phase formation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingshan S. Du, Wenjie Zhou, Sara M. Rupich, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: The structure of MTPs is determined by specific crystallographic features, and their formation pathways include growth from multiply twinned seeds or stepwise formation of new twin boundaries on single-crystalline seeds. Recent studies have utilized in situ transmission electron microscopy to provide real-time evidence for both pathways, which will aid in the design of robust MTP syntheses. Further research on the structural evolution and energetics of nanoparticles is needed for a complete understanding of MTP formation pathways.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ho Fung Cheng, McKinley K. Paul, Andrea D'Aquino, Charlotte L. Stern, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: The study reveals that in a multiphasic solvent environment, dynamic weak-link approach (WLA) complexes demonstrated the ability to shuttle between aqueous and organic phases and modulate their denticity as they partition into different phases. This highly reconfigurable property of WLA complexes can be utilized to design biphasic reaction networks or chemical separations driven by straightforward salt metathesis reactions.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sasha B. Ebrahimi, Devleena Samanta, Benjamin E. Partridge, Caroline D. Kusmierz, Ho Fung Cheng, Arabela A. Grigorescu, Jorge L. Chavez, Peter A. Mirau, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: Researchers have developed a strategy based on forced intercalation (FIT) to transduce subtle changes in aptamer structures into fluorescent readouts, expanding the scope of aptamer recognition for detecting steroids. This technology offers advantages such as rapid readout, simple instrumentation, and low sample volumes for studying steroids in clinical samples.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fruncillo, Xiaodi Su, Hong Liu, Lu Shin Wong
Summary: In recent years, there has been significant progress in the field of biochip and biosensor fabrication, utilizing biological elements for precise deposition while maintaining biological activity on device substrates. Established lithographic techniques from the semiconductor industry are being leveraged for large-scale production, achieving high resolution, throughput, and reproducibility.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emily Sparkes, Chisom S. Egedeuzu, Billie Lias, Rehana Sung, Stephanie A. Caslin, S. Yasin Tabatabaei Dakhili, Peter G. Taylor, Peter Quayle, Lu Shin Wong
Summary: Silicatein-alpha, derived from siliceous marine sponges, catalyzes the metathesis of silicon-oxygen bonds and shows preference for phenols in condensation reactions. It also displays a preference for the silylation of S-enantiomers in chiral alcohols and has good tolerance to a range of solvents.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fruncillo, Yeow Teck Toh, Christopher F. Blanford, Xiaodi Su, Hong Liu, Lu Shin Wong
Summary: This study compares the enzymatic activity of nanoscale arrays bearing the oxidase CotA that are produced by two lithographic methods: polymer pen lithography (PPL) and stepper photolithography. The results show that while the photolithography method initially gives higher oxidation activities, the arrays degrade more rapidly compared to those produced by PPL. However, once adjusted for passivation and surface area differences, the immobilized enzymes give essentially the same activity regardless of the lithographic method used.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Samuel R. R. Moxon, David Richards, Oana Dobre, Lu Shin Wong, Joe Swift, Stephen M. M. Richardson
Summary: Cell function can be influenced by the mechanical and structural properties of the extracellular environment. This study presents a system of polyacrylamide hydrogels that can be tailored in surface topography and matrix stiffness in situ with photoirradiation. The system offers a new platform to study cellular mechanosensing and the influence of extracellular cues on cell phenotype and function.