Article
Neurosciences
Sam McKenzie, Roman Huszar, Daniel F. English, Kanghwan Kim, Fletcher Christensen, Euisik Yoon, Gyorgy Buzsaki
Summary: The study focuses on how incorporating synthetic hippocampal signals is constrained by preexisting circuit dynamics through optogenetic stimulation of CA1 neurons in mice. Stimulation induced persistent place field remapping and reflected circuit modification through altered spike transmission. The findings suggest that plasticity in recurrent/lateral inhibition may drive learning by rapidly associating existing states.
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hasitha Wimalarathna, Sangamanatha Ankmnal-Veeranna, Chris Allan, Sumit K. Agrawal, Jagath Samarabandu, Hanif M. Ladak, Prudence Allen
Summary: This systematic review examines the application of machine learning in assessing auditory brainstem responses. The study found that machine learning algorithms have been widely used in neural diagnosis, hearing threshold estimation, and other related fields. However, challenges remain in obtaining sufficient data for training machine learning models.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nicholas A. Levis, Daniel J. McKay, David W. Pfennig
Summary: The study found that in the liver and brain of spadefoot toad tadpoles, more genes than expected were affected by both the environment and phenotypic accommodation, although the patterns of action were different between the two tissues.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anna U. Kowalczyk, Yulia Bezsudnova, Ole Jensen, Giovanni Barontini
Summary: Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs) are considered the future of human magnetoencephalography due to their flexibility and adaptability. This study detected auditory evoked brain fields using an OPM based on the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) technique, showcasing excellent performance in non-zero magnetic field environments. Our results demonstrate promising progress towards resilient OPM-based magnetoencephalography systems.
Article
Neurosciences
Agustin Lage-Castellanos, Federico De Martino, Geoffrey M. Ghose, Omer Faruk Gulban, Michelle Moerel
Summary: Selective attention modifies neuronal tuning and responses in auditory cortex, but the effects may vary depending on context, stimulus, and task.
Article
Neurosciences
Vincent S. C. Chien, Peng Wang, Burkhard Maess, Yonatan Fishman, Thomas R. Knoesche
Summary: By fitting a rate-based model to recorded neural activity, this study sheds light on the neural dynamics underlying auditory evoked responses and demonstrates the feasibility of using modeling to investigate cortical sensory processing.
Article
Neurosciences
Jesyin Lai, Stephen V. David
Summary: Chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been found to facilitate learning, but the effects of acute VNS on neural coding and behavior are still not well understood. This study showed that when tones were paired with VNS, animals consistently learned the new association within 2 days, but when VNS occurred randomly between trials, learning within 2 days was unreliable. Additionally, VNS induced brief dilation in the pupil, and the size of this change predicted the magnitude of persistent changes in the neural response.
Article
Cell Biology
Gioia De Franceschi, Tania Rinaldi Barkat
Summary: This study found that task engagement can modulate neuronal activity in the auditory system, changing the response patterns of most neurons. Ten distinct modulation patterns were identified, and different types of neurons were found to have varying sensitivity to specific task-related variables along the auditory pathway.
Article
Neurosciences
Jean-Pierre R. Falet, Jonathan Cote, Veronica Tarka, Zaida Escila Martinez-Moreno, Patrice Voss, Etienne de Villers-Sidani
Summary: This study presents a novel noninvasive method for mapping the functional organization of the human auditory cortex using MEG, by estimating STRFs and generating tonotopic gradient maps. The spatial resolution of MEG is shown to be sufficient for extracting important information about the spatial organization of the auditory cortex, while its excellent temporal resolution enables the analysis of complex temporal dynamics of auditory processing.
Review
Pediatrics
Nicole M. Talge, Melanie Adkins, Paul R. Kileny, Isabella Frownfelter
Summary: ADHD is associated with longer ABR latencies for several components. These results are similar to those found in ASD, suggesting a potential overlap in auditory processing deficits between the two disorders.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robin Gransier, Michael Hofmann, Astrid van Wieringen, Jan Wouters
Summary: Phase-locking to the temporal envelope of speech is associated with envelope processing and speech perception. The phase-locked responses show considerable intersubject variability, especially for cortical-origin ASSRs with modulation frequencies <= 20 Hz. These results emphasize the importance of individual TMTFASSR in assessing phase-locked activity for auditory processing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Yulong Feng, Wei Xiao, Teng Wu, Jianwei Zhang, Jing Xiang, Hong Guo
Summary: MEG is a powerful tool for studying the human brain in physiology and psychology, providing insights into the relationship between the external environment and internal psychology. By identifying single trial event-related magnetic fields from different functional areas of the brain, MEG can help improve accuracy in recognizing changes within the brain.
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ondrej Zelenka, Ondrej Novak, Aneta Brunova, Josef Syka
Summary: Using two-photon calcium imaging, the study found heterogeneous tuning shifts at the single-cell level in the auditory cortex induced by fear conditioning, involving both CS+ and CS- stimulus frequencies. Instead of solely freezing reactions, selective orienting responses were observed, often followed by escape behavior.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
S. Dall'Orso, W. P. Fifer, P. D. Balsam, J. Brandon, C. O'Keefe, T. Poppe, K. Vecchiato, A. D. Edwards, E. Burdet, T. Arichi
Summary: The study found that newborns engage in multimodal learning through auditory-sensorimotor classical conditioning, inducing crossmodal changes even in the absence of archetypal substrate, and this learning is associated with widespread network activity within the conditioned neural system.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carmen Kohl, Tiina Parviainen, Stephanie R. Jones
Summary: This study used a biophysical modeling software to interpret the cell and network mechanisms underlying auditory evoked fields. It found that activating the neocortical circuit can reproduce AEFs, supporting the preservation of basic structures across sensory regions.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jan Stochl, Hannah Jones, Emma Soneson, Adam P. Wagner, Golam M. Khandaker, Stanley Zammit, Jon Heron, Gemma Hammerton, Edward T. Bullmore, Ray Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Ian M. Goodyer, J. Perez, Peter B. Jones
Summary: Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Paul B. Sharp, Raymond J. Dolan, Eran Eldar
Summary: This study suggests that disorders involving compulsivity, fear, and anxiety are linked to impairments in learning the probabilistic mapping between actions and environmental states. Individuals with higher levels of compulsivity are more likely to demonstrate impairments in state transition learning. The dysregulated state transition learning, characterized by either too fast or too slow learning rates, may provide a target for therapeutic intervention in compulsivity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Catherine Doogan, Renaad Al Balushi, Beth Gooding, Jennifer Crinion, Alexander Leff
Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of goal-setting for people with aphasia participating in an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programme (ICAP). The results show statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in various goal categories. The qualitative analysis reveals the goals that people with aphasia wanted to achieve through ICAP.
Review
Neurosciences
Jessica McFadyen, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Aberrant patterns of cognition, perception, and behavior in psychiatric disorders are believed to result from complex neural processes evolving at a fast temporal scale. However, current neuroimaging technologies face limitations in balancing spatial and temporal resolutions, hindering the understanding of these dynamic processes in humans. Recent advancements in high temporal resolution imaging, particularly magnetoencephalography, combined with sophisticated machine learning decoding techniques, offer novel insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of cognitive phenomena relevant to psychiatric illnesses. This review considers the recent developments and applications that aim to drive a mechanistic understanding of psychopathology and aid in preclinical translation.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Amalie H. Munk, Elisabeth B. Starup, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Alex P. Leff, Randi Starrfelt, Ro J. Robotham
Summary: Cerebral achromatopsia is a rare acquired color perception impairment caused by brain injury, with most cases involving bilateral or right hemisphere lesions. It differs from congenital color blindness by affecting perception of all colors. A study on stroke patients with posterior cerebral artery involvement found that 22% of patients showed significant color discrimination problems, with bilateral lesions associated with more severe impairments.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Neena R. Singh, Alexander P. Leff
Summary: The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies published from 2017 to 2022 on rehabilitation approaches for hemispatial inattention and identify common themes to guide future research. Immersive virtual reality approaches to visual stimulation are well tolerated but have not yet shown clinically relevant improvements. Dynamic auditory stimulation shows promise and has high potential for implementation. Robotic interventions are limited by cost and may be most suitable for patients with co-occurring hemiparesis. Regarding brain stimulation, rTMS has moderate effects while tDCS studies have yielded disappointing results so far. Drugs targeting the dopaminergic system often demonstrate moderate beneficial effects, but predicting responders and non-responders remains a challenge.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica McFadyen, Yunzhe Liu, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Neural replay is involved in planning, with rapid reactivation of states relevant to a task goal. This study using MEG found forward sequential replay during planning, with rapid state-to-state transitions. Replay of rewarding paths was enhanced before avoiding, while attenuated before approaching. Trial-by-trial bias towards replaying potential punishing paths predicted irrational decision-making, especially in participants with higher trait anxiety. These findings highlight the coupling of replay with planned behavior and the prioritization of worst-case scenarios for approaching or avoiding.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew M. Nour, Yunzhe Liu, Cameron Higgins, Mark W. Woolrich, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Schizophrenia patients show reduced coupling between task-relevant neural replay and default mode network (DMN) activation during rest, which is important for memory consolidation. This finding sheds light on the functional significance of default mode network abnormalities in schizophrenia.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Schwartenbeck, Alon Baram, Yunzhe Liu, Shirley Mark, Timothy Muller, Raymond Dolan, Matthew Botvinick, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Timothy Behrens
Summary: This study investigates how compositional computation is implemented in the human brain. The findings show that the representations of constructed objects in the frontal cortex and hippocampus are relational and compositional. Additionally, the replay process assembles elements into compounds, gradually shifting from predictable to uncertain elements, and converging on the correct configuration. These results suggest that the hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry plays a crucial role in compositional inference and hypothesis testing.
Article
Neurosciences
Jochen Michely, Ingrid M. Martin, Raymond J. Dolan, Tobias U. Hauser
Summary: A study shows that serotonin enhances the willingness to gather information by reducing sensitivity to cognitive effort, which suggests its potential impact on motivational deficits in psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Isaac Fradkin, Helen Blair Simpson, Raymond J. Dolan, Jonathan D. Huppert
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Alexander Leff, Catherine Doogan, John Bentley, Bani Makkar, Luisa Zenobi-Bird, Amy Sherman, Simon Grobler, Jennifer Crinion
Summary: The field of human expert performance teaches us that high quality, high-dose guided practice is required to make large gains in cognitively driven acts. The same seems to be true for people with acquired brain injury. Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programmes (ICAPs) are one way to address the chronic under-dosing of therapy that most people with aphasia experience.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
L. Taylor, J. Bentley, A. Sherman, B. Makkar, L. Zenobi-Bird, C. Doogan, J. Crinion, A. Leff
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
H. Ozkan, G. Ambler, G. Banerjee, S. Browning, A. Leff, D. Werring, R. Simister
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
T. Langford, V. Fleming, J. Crinion, A. Leff
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)