Review
Microbiology
Maryam Khan, Saba Shamim
Summary: S. Typhi is a pathogen causing typhoid fever, with over 27 million cases and 200,000 deaths globally each year. The pathogen causes infection through various virulence factors, including resistance genes, leading to resistance to multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. The issue of antibiotic resistance has raised global concern.
Article
Microbiology
Ashraf Hussain, Eugene Boon Beng Ong, Prabha Balaram, Asma Ismail, Phua Kia Kien
Summary: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of deleting tolC on the adhesion and invasion of HT-29 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages by S. Typhi in vitro. Our results showed that the tolC mutant strain had significantly reduced adhesion and invasion rates compared to the wild-type strain in both cell types. Additionally, we observed downregulation of SPI-1 gene expression in the tolC mutant.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Octavia, Ka Lip Chew, Raymond T. P. Lin, Jeanette W. P. Teo
Summary: Global travel has led to the occasional introduction of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi into industrialized countries. Azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi has been detected in Singapore, with 2 isolates likely being locally acquired. Ongoing vigilance and surveillance are necessary to minimize the public health risk posed by this serious pathogen.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Stephy Mol Robinson, Vyshakh Rajachandran, Suchismita Majumdar, Satabdi Saha, Sneha Das, Sujay Chattopadhyay
Summary: Detecting adaptive mutations leading to gene inactivation or loss of function is crucial for understanding the evolution of bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. Truncation mutations, which trim the length of encoded proteins, can contribute to gene inactivation. This study analyzed the accumulation of truncation mutations in two serovars of Salmonella, finding distinct sets of core truncated genes in each serovar. These truncation mutations were acquired by different subsets of isolates and were also targeted by convergent amino acid mutations in different serovars, suggesting adaptation. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of adaptive truncation mutations on bacterial virulence evolution.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shawn T. Clark, Kirby Cronin, Antoine J. Corbeil, Samir N. Patel
Summary: This work provides an updated summary of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Salmonella Typhi strains isolated from patients in Ontario, Canada. The emergence and spread of resistant strains have complicated the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. A 10-year retrospective survey showed stable susceptibility patterns for certain drugs but an increase in nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, indicating the need for healthcare providers to consider current trends in antimicrobial susceptibility for proper therapy selection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lovely Barai, Md Rokibul Hasan, Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan
Summary: Serum salmonellacidal antibody can be used to detect the functional capacity of antibody in patients with enteric fever and after typhoid vaccination. The study found that patients with typhoid and paratyphoid A had significantly higher levels of salmonellacidal antibody titers compared to the control group, and the titers increased significantly with the duration of fever. However, the titers significantly decreased after a certain period of illness. Additionally, although low salmonellacidal titers were detected after Vi CPS vaccine among the human volunteers, the mean titer increased after vaccination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jessica C. Allen, Franklin R. Toapanta, Scott M. Baliban, Marcelo B. Sztein, Sharon M. Tennant
Summary: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a significant cause of foodborne infections and deaths worldwide. We have developed a live attenuated vaccine, CVD 1926, against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The study found that older mice had weaker immune responses to the vaccine and mucosal responses decrease with age.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Wan Ratmaazila Wan Wan Makhtar, Izwan Bharudin, Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal, Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
Summary: The advancement in whole-genome sequencing technology in recent years has revolutionized the study of infectious diseases, providing new insights into various fields related to infectious diseases. By examining the genomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, researchers have enhanced their understanding of genetic evolution and pathogenic mechanisms, potentially advancing the development of typhoid vaccines and medications.
Article
Immunology
Shamima Nasrin, Fabien J. Fuche, Khandra T. Sears, Jennifer A. Jones, Myron M. Levine, Raphael Simon, Sharon M. Tennant
Summary: Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major cause of gastroenteritis, but research on vaccines is limited. Researchers developed a live attenuated O:8 vaccine with good tolerability and immune response against COPS, showing protection in a mouse model.
Article
Immunology
Xi Jiang, Chao Chu, Zhenyu Wang, Jiaojie Gu, Yaming Hong, Qiuchun Li, Xinan Jiao
Summary: The study revealed that outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) from various S. Enteritidis strains could be potential subunit vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in mammals.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
M. S. Bacchu, M. R. Ali, S. Das, S. Akter, H. Sakamoto, S- Suye, M. M. Rahman, K. Campbell, M. Z. H. Khan
Summary: An electrochemical DNA biosensor was fabricated for the selective identification of S. Typhi in real samples. The biosensor showed a low limit of detection and the ability to be reused multiple times. The experimental results demonstrated the high feasibility and accuracy of using this biosensor for detecting S. Typhi in clinical and food samples.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
Summary: The rise of multidrug resistant microorganisms poses a global threat, making it challenging to effectively treat infectious diseases. Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide, and its antibiotic resistance plays a crucial role in its control. Herbal medicines and phytochemicals have long been used for their potent antibacterial properties and are increasingly being explored for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic infections. Many phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against the molecular factors responsible for drug resistance in pathogens. This review focuses on the development of antibacterial resistance in Salmonella, the mechanism of action of phytochemicals, and the potential future applications in combating resistance.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Laura B. Martin, Farhana Khanam, Firdausi Qadri, Ibrahim Khalil, Michael J. Sikorski, Stephen Baker
Summary: In Asia, there are 12 million annual cases of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (STy) and Paratyphi A (SPA), making a bivalent STy/SPA vaccine important. Several candidate vaccines for enteric fever control are close to entering clinical trials. The World Health Organization prioritizes the development of vaccines to protect young children and working-aged adults against both agents of enteric fever.
Article
Immunology
Hao Tang, Ziyang Zhan, Xiucheng Liu, Ying Zhang, Xinxiang Huang, Min Xu
Summary: Propionate, a major constituent of short chain fatty acids, has been found to reduce the viability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) in macrophages through propionylation of PhoP. This modification decreases the phosphorylation and DNA-binding ability of PhoP, resulting in reduced intracellular survival of S. Typhi. These findings provide a potential molecular mechanism by which propionate affects the virulence of S. Typhi.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Debayan Ganguli, Swarnali Chakraborty, Suparna Chakraborty, Ananda Pal, Animesh Gope, Santasabuj Das
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health worldwide. This study investigates the temporary and reversible resistance induced by antibiotic treatment, specifically focusing on the development of L-form bacteria in response to ampicillin. The researchers cultured ampicillin-sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 strain in increasing concentrations of ampicillin over 14 days, resulting in the development of an L-form strain with altered characteristics and increased pathogenicity. These findings highlight the potential for drug escape and cell-to-cell spread of bacteria during antibiotic treatment and the need for new approaches to reduce infection reservoirs.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Suhrid Maiti, Debaki Ranjan Howlader, Prolay Halder, Ushasi Bhaumik, Moumita Dutta, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley
Summary: The study developed a bivalent vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which effectively induced antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Passive transfer of immune sera from vaccinated mice significantly reduced colonization and gastroenteritis symptoms caused by ST and SE in a suckling mice model.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Das, R. Chourashi, P. Mukherjee, S. Kundu, H. Koley, M. Dutta, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, K. Okamoto, N. S. Chatterjee
Summary: The study found that sub-inhibitory concentrations of carvacrol significantly inhibit major virulence traits of Vibrio cholerae, including bacterial mucin penetrating ability, adherence, and fluid accumulation, as well as the downregulation of virulence-associated genes. These findings suggest that carvacrol may be considered as a potential bio-active therapeutic alternative to combat cholera.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Eizo Takahashi, Sadayuki Ochi, Tamaki Mizuno, Daichi Morita, Masatomo Morita, Makoto Ohnishi, Hemanta Koley, Moumita Dutta, Goutam Chowdhury, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Shanta Dutta, Shin-Ichi Miyoshi, Keinosuke Okamoto
Summary: Three NAG vibrio strains isolated from pond water in Kolkata, India were found to potentially possess virulence factors that can induce severe syndrome, indicating a possible risk of future epidemics caused by these virulent NAG vibrios.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Namrata Baruah, Nadim Ahamad, Suhrid Maiti, Debaki R. Howlader, Ushasi Bhaumik, Vinod V. Patil, Manoj K. Chakrabarti, Hemanta Koley, Dhirendra S. Katti
Summary: Shigella has caused multiple epidemics of shigellosis, with no licensed vaccines currently available. Research on cross-protective vaccines using conserved subunit vaccines is being explored to improve protection against Shigella dysenteriae 1.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Suhrid Maiti, Prolay Halder, Soumalya Banerjee, Moumita Dutta, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley
Summary: Poultry animals serve as natural reservoirs of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella [iNTS] serovars, and consumption of iNTS contaminated poultry meat and eggs is a major source of iNTS infection globally. In this study, a novel trivalent iNTS outer membrane vesicles [OMVs] based immunogen was formulated and shown to provide long-term broad spectrum protection against the most prevalent iNTS serovars. Vaccination induced specific antibodies that were detected up to 180 days after immunization. Immunized birds showed reduced fecal shedding and organ invasion after challenge with homologous and heterologous serovars. The long-term efficacy study also demonstrated reduced tissue invasion up to one year post immunization. These findings suggest that the novel immunogen formulation could be a broad spectrum potential vaccine for both layer and broiler breeds against iNTS-mediated salmonellosis and fowl typhoid.
Article
Microbiology
Debaki R. Howlader, Ushasi Bhaumik, Prolay Halder, Aishwarya Satpathy, Sounak Sarkar, Mrinalini Ghoshal, Suhrid Maiti, Jeffrey H. Withey, Jiro Mitobe, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley
Summary: A new shigellosis model in adult zebrafish is described, which can be used to study Shigella colonization, transmission, and immune responses, as well as test vaccine efficacy. The adult zebrafish model has a well-developed innate and adaptive immune responses that mimic the mammalian immune system.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Shin-ichi Miyoshi, Kei Kitahara, Prolay Halder, Hemanta Koley, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of quercetin as an anti-rotavirus therapeutic. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that quercetin can effectively inhibit rotavirus replication and infection, and its antiviral activity is independent of interferon. This study provides important evidence for the future use of quercetin as a treatment for rotaviral diarrhea.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rakesh Sarkar, Shreya Banerjee, Prolay Halder, Hemanta Koley, Satoshi Komoto, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: This study highlights the potential of importazole and ivermectin as antirotavirus therapeutics, as they can reduce viral infection and severity of the disease.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Namrata Baruah, Prolay Halder, Hemanta Koley, Dhirendra S. Katti
Summary: This study developed a nanovaccine encapsulating a recombinant, stabilized IpaC protein for Shigellosis. The single-dose intranasal administration of the vaccine led to an improved immune response and protected mice from diarrhea when challenged with a high dose of Shigella.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ushasi Bhaumik, Prolay Halder, Debaki Ranjan Howlader, Soumalya Banerjee, Suhrid Maiti, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley
Summary: In today's world and mostly in low and middle income countries, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei remains the major causative agent of clinical bacillary dysentery. A tetravalent Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMVs) based immunogen was formulated using the most commonly circulating Shigella strains. The results showed that the tetravalent OMVs immunogen induced significant and persistent immune response and provided protection against six heterologous Shigella strains.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Namrata Baruah, Nadim Ahamad, Prolay Halder, Hemanta Koley, Dhirendra S. S. Katti
Summary: The development of biomimetic nanovaccines can provide significant cross-protection against drug-resistant Shigella and protect infants, while also offering a non-invasive route for vaccination.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sudeshna Halder, Namita Jaiswal, Hemanta Koley, Nibedita Mahata
Summary: The increasing antimicrobial resistance is making it harder to treat gastrointestinal infections. This study focuses on Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), a common cause of bacillary dysentery, and suggests that IpaD, a protein conserved among EIEC and Shigella, could be a potential immunogen for protecting against bacillary dysentery. The study also presents an effective framework for improving the expression level and yield of IpaD, as well as ideal storage conditions, which may contribute to the development of new protein therapies for gastrointestinal infections in the future.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Goutam Chowdhury, Bhabatosh Das, Shakti Kumar, Archana Pant, Priyadarshini Mukherjee, Debjani Ghosh, Hemanta Koley, Shin-ichi Miyoshi, Keinosuke Okamoto, Alapan Paul, Shanta Dutta, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Asish K. Mukhopadyay
Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a patient with diarrhea. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that P. aeruginosa had a wide spectrum of resistance to antibiotics. Genomic analysis identified 76 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance, xenobiotic degradation, and the type three secretion system. This is the first report on diarrhea associated with P. aeruginosa, suggesting dysbiosis due to antibiotic exposure and the potential role of T3SS in in vivo toxicity of the pathogen.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Prolay Halder, Suhrid Maiti, Soumalya Banerjee, Sanjib Das, Moumita Dutta, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley
Summary: In this study, a bivalent vaccine against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A was developed using bacterial ghost cells (BGs). The vaccine showed enhanced immunogenic properties and effectively prevented infection in mice without adverse effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tanmoy Kumar Dey, Puja Bose, Sangita Paul, Bipul Chandra Karmakar, Rudra Narayan Saha, Animesh Gope, Hemanta Koley, Amit Ghosh, Shanta Dutta, Pubali Dhar, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Fish oil-in-water nanoemulsion can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier against invasive infection of non-typhoidal Salmonella and reduce inflammation.