Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL-1  and IL-1 

Size Effects of Nanomaterials on Lung Inflammation and Coagulatory Disturbance

(2017) K. Inoue et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

The Inflammasomes

(2010) Kate Schroder et al.   CELL

Lack of Significant Dermal Penetration of Titanium Dioxide from Sunscreen Formulations Containing Nano- and Submicron-Size TiO2 Particles

(2010) Nakissa Sadrieh et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Nano-Scaled Particles of Titanium Dioxide Convert Benign Mouse Fibrosarcoma Cells into Aggressive Tumor Cells

(2009) Kunishige Onuma et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

NLRP3 (NALP3, Cryopyrin) Facilitates In Vivo Caspase-1 Activation, Necrosis, and HMGB1 Release via Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

(2009) S. B. Willingham et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence

(2009) Olaf Gross et al.   NATURE

Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective

(2009) Mélanie Auffan et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Identification of the mechanisms that drive the toxicity of TiO2 particulates: the contribution of physicochemical characteristics

(2009) Helinor J Johnston et al.   Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Stratum Corneum Is an Effective Barrier to TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticle Percutaneous Absorption

(2009) P. Filipe et al.   SKIN PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization

(2008) Veit Hornung et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Pulmonary response to intratracheal instillation of ultrafine versus fine titanium dioxide: role of particle surface area

(2008) Tina M Sager et al.   Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Innate Immune Activation Through Nalp3 Inflammasome Sensing of Asbestos and Silica

(2008) C. Dostert et al.   SCIENCE