期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 107, 期 32, 页码 14304-14308出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001910107
关键词
antigen receptors; immune system evolution; jawless vertebrates; leucine-rich repeats; somatic rearrangement
资金
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- NOASTEC Foundation
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Jawless vertebrates such as lamprey and hagfish lack T-cell and B-cell receptors; instead, they have unique antigen receptors known as variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). VLRs generate diversity by recombining highly diverse leucine-rich repeat modules and are expressed clonally on lymphocyte-like cells (LLCs). Thus far, two types of receptors, VLRA and VLRB, have been identified in lampreys and hagfish. Recent evidence indicates that VLRA and VLRB are expressed on distinct populations of LLCs that resemble T cells and B cells of jawed vertebrates, respectively. Here we identified a third VLR, designated VLRC, in the lamprey. None of the approximate to 100 VLRC cDNA clones subjected to sequencing had an identical sequence, indicating that VLRC can generate sufficient diversity to function as antigen receptors. Notably, the C-terminal cap of VLRC exhibits only limited diversity and has important structural differences relative to VLRA and VLRB. Single-cell PCR analysis identified LLCs that rearranged VLRC but not VLRA or VLRB, suggesting the presence of a unique population of LLCs that express only VLRC.
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