Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Frank Daerden, John N. Crowley, Lori Neary, Michael D. Smith, Mark J. Loeffler, R. Todd Clancy, Michael J. Wolff, Shohei Aoki, Hideo Sagawa
Summary: Current models underestimate ozone concentrations on Mars, and there is a fundamental problem in understanding the atmospheric chemistry. By exploring alternative processes involving multiple phases, improvements can be made in estimating ozone levels.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. A. J. Brown, M. R. Patel, S. R. Lewis, J. A. Holmes, G. J. Sellers, P. M. Streeter, A. Bennaceur, G. Liuzzi, G. L. Villanueva, A. C. Vandaele
Summary: A positive vertical correlation between ozone and water ice on Mars is revealed through observation and simulation, with heterogeneous chemistry potentially impacting ozone abundance. This relationship is crucial for understanding ozone variations in the Martian atmosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Keshav R. R. Tripathi, R. K. Choudhary, Jeslin S. S. Jose, K. M. Ambili, T. Imamura
Summary: Using measurements from Venus Express and Akatsuki orbiter, this study investigates the factors influencing the occurrence and structure of the V-0 layer in the Venus ionosphere. Gravity waves were found to play a crucial role in determining the shape of the V-0 layer. The presence of gravity waves led to perturbations and wave-like features in the V-0 layer under certain conditions. It is suggested that while gravity waves do not control the formation of the V-0 layer, they influence its shape and occurrence altitude.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Patricia A. Cleary, Gijs de Boer, Joseph P. Hupy, Steven Borenstein, Jonathan Hamilton, Ben Kies, Dale Lawrence, R. Bradley Pierce, Joe Tirado, Aidan Voon, Timothy Wagner
Summary: The mesoscale meteorology of lake breezes along Lake Michigan affects the local observations of high-ozone events. In this study, two UAS platforms were used to capture lake breezes during forecasted high-ozone events. The campaign was conducted in conjunction with the Enhanced Ozone Monitoring plan from the Wisconsin DNR, which included Doppler lidar wind profiler observations at the site.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua D. Lothringer, David K. Sing, Zafar Rustamkulov, Hannah R. Wakeford, Kevin B. Stevenson, Nikolay Nikolov, Panayotis Lavvas, Jessica J. Spake, Autumn T. Winch
Summary: In this study, the near-ultraviolet transmission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b was analyzed, revealing the presence of the silicon oxide SiO. These observations provide insights into the temperature range for cloud formation in exoplanets.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Daniel Y. Lo, Roger Yelle, Justin Deighan, Sonal K. Jain, J. Scott Evans, Michael H. Stevens, Joseph M. Ajello, Majd A. Mayyasi, Nicholas M. Schneider
Summary: The study provides the first detailed characterization and analysis of the C I 156.1 nm and 165.7 nm dayglow in the Martian atmosphere, revealing that both emissions are driven by electron impact dissociation of CO2 and resonant scattering of solar photons by atomic C. The high-altitude C I 156.1 nm dayglow allows for direct measurement of C densities in the upper Martian atmosphere, indicating the need for higher C production rates in photochemical models.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhonghuan Liu, Wei Peng, Yuhan Lin, Xinyu Lin, Shikang Yin, Shuhan Jia, Dongge Ma, Yan Yan, Peng Zhou, Wanhong Ma, Jincai Zhao
Summary: Understanding the pathway of semiconductor-mediated proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) driven by light is crucial for solar energy conversion systems. This study demonstrates that the amount of adsorbed water molecules determines the photo-induced PCET pathway on the TiO2 surface through kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE) experiments. At low water content, a stepwise PT/ET pathway is followed, while at high water content, a concerted pathway is observed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shideng Yuan, Shasha Liu, Xueyu Wang, Heng Zhang, Shiling Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the role of H2O2 and mineral particles in air pollution formation at the atomic level, showing that with increased humidity, the process of New Particle Formation takes longer due to the formation of more H-bonds leading to a stronger H-bond network, making it difficult for H2O2 and H2O molecules to be squeezed out.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Douglas E. Kinnison, Susan Solomon
Summary: Heterogeneous halogen chemistry plays a dominant role in driving changes in polar chemical composition and ozone depletion. This study compared NO2 measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE3m) with simulations from a coupled climate-chemistry model to characterize and quantify subpolar heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Results showed that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the chemical composition of the subpolar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere spring, highlighting the importance of analyzing distribution functions in understanding chemical processes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Eduard Karakhanov, Anton Maximov, Anna Zolotukhina
Summary: This article reviews the recent advances and applications of dendritic catalysis in the past two decades, with a focus on heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts. Three main approaches to synthesizing immobilized heterogeneous dendrimer-based catalysts are considered, and magnetically separable dendritic catalysts are also discussed. These dendritic catalysts can be stored as powders and easily separated from the reaction medium, maintaining efficiency similar to homogeneous dendritic catalysts.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Martin G. Mlynczak, Linda A. Hunt, Rolando R. Garcia, V. Lynn Harvey, Benjamin T. Marshall, Jia Yue, Christopher J. Mertens, James M. Russell
Summary: The thermal structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) has been examined using observations from the NASA TIMED satellite. It was found that the MLT has cooled and contracted due to a decline in solar activity and increasing carbon dioxide levels. The thickness of the atmosphere and all pressure surfaces in the MLT have also contracted. It is suggested that the MLT during the two most recent solar minima was the coldest and thinnest since the Industrial Age.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Norbert Magyar, Dominik Utz, Robertus Erdelyi, Valery M. Nakariakov
Summary: The study examined potential formation mechanisms of magnetic switchbacks in the lower solar atmosphere using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, revealing that photospheric plasma flows around intense flux tubes may be suitable drivers for their formation. However, these switchbacks do not seem to be able to reach coronal heights in the current model.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aniket P. Udepurkar, Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale, Klavs F. Jensen, Simon Kuhn
Summary: A new ultrasonic microreactor has been developed to overcome the limitations of reactor clogging and yield reduction caused by the presence of solids in flow photochemical reactions. The performance of the ultrasonic photochemical microreactor is evaluated based on the residence time distribution of liquid and solid, as well as the absorbed photon flux in the reactor. The solid-handling capability of the microreactor is demonstrated by a silyl radical-mediated metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling using a solid base as a reagent.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Karthick Ramanathan, S. Arun, Jordy Bouwman, Lorenzo Avaldi, M. V. Vinitha, Paola Bolognesi, Robert Richter, Umesh R. Kadhane
Summary: This study provides a detailed exploration of the potential energy surface of quinoline cation, focusing on its fragmentation mechanisms. New fragmentation schemes are proposed, including isomerization and elimination of HNC, which were previously unexplored. The results suggest that isomerization mechanisms producing five-to seven-membered ring intermediates play a dominant role both energetically and kinetically. Competing pathways for the elimination of HNC and acetylene are also established. The computational results complement the experimental observations and may have implications for understanding radiation-driven chemistry in planetary atmospheres, meteorites, and comets.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
George Varlas, Eleni Marinou, Anna Gialitaki, Nikolaos Siomos, Konstantinos Tsarpalis, Nikolaos Kalivitis, Stavros Solomos, Alexandra Tsekeri, Christos Spyrou, Maria Tsichla, Anna Kampouri, Vassilis Vervatis, Elina Giannakaki, Vassilis Amiridis, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Anastasios Papadopoulos, Petros Katsafados
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of sea state on sea salt aerosol modeling by introducing a new parameterization based on wave age. The results show significant differences between the new parameterization and the previous one, with the new method offering a more realistic representation of sea salt aerosol levels in certain layers of the lower atmosphere. The findings also highlight the contribution of fresh wind-generated waves to sea salt aerosol modeling.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Weihong Wang, Kifle Z. Aregahegn, Simone T. Andersen, Anton Z. Ni, Andrea F. Rohrbacher, Ole John Nielsen, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Veronique Perraud, Xiaoxiao Li, James N. Smith, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael J. Ezell, Weihong Wang, Dorit Shemesh, Anton Ni, R. Benny Gerber, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weihong Wang, Michael J. Ezell, Pascale S. J. Lakey, Kifle Z. Aregahegn, Manabu Shiraiwa, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Veronique Perraud, Xiaoxiao Li, Jingkun Jiang, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, James N. Smith
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, Lisa M. Wingen, Veronique Perraud, Michael J. Ezell
COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Rohrbacher, Michael J. Ezell, Veronique Perraud, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Summary: This study investigated the photochemistry of two neonicotinoids in commercial formulations and found that the presence of other compounds did not significantly alter the photochemical reactions compared to pure compounds. Quenching of excited intermediates in the dense solid KBr matrix and reduced NPM absorption cross section due to water in the formulation were identified as key factors influencing the quantum yield for loss in the formulations. Major products of photolysis were consistent between the formulation and pure compound, except for unexpected infrared peaks during DNF photolysis in KBr.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
L. M. Wingen, D. A. Herman, A. Keebaugh, G. Montoya, S. R. Renusch, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, M. T. Kleinman
Summary: The effects of particle concentration using the VACES system were investigated, with a focus on changes in the organic particle composition. The results showed evidence of oligomerization during the water condensation and/or evaporation stages, especially for particles with higher O/C values. The study suggests that these composition changes may be relevant to other particle growth and atmospheric processes.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihong Wang, Xinke Wang, Pascale S. J. Lakey, Michael J. Ezell, Manabu Shiraiwa, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Summary: Emerging contaminants are a growing concern due to their potential impacts on both the environment and human health. In this study, the synergistic effects of nitro, amino, and carbon-carbon double bond groups on gas phase ozonolysis were investigated. The results show that the presence of a nitro group attached to a carbon-carbon double bond lowers the gas phase rate constant, while amino groups have the opposite effect. The study also identifies products with deleterious health effects, emphasizing the importance of considering both the parent compounds and the products in assessing the environmental impacts of emerging contaminants.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Y. Qin, L. M. Wingen, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
Summary: Mass spectrometry methods can provide information about the surface composition of submicron organic particles in the atmosphere, which is crucial for understanding their chemical and physical properties as well as their interactions with the environment and biological systems.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinke Wang, Weihong Wang, Lisa M. Wingen, Veronique Perraud, Michael J. Ezell, Jessica Gable, Thomas L. Poulos, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Summary: Although nitro and amino alkenes are common in various industries, their environmental behaviors remain unclear. This study investigated the reactions of a series of model compounds containing different combinations of these functional groups with ozone. The results showed that vinyl nitro groups significantly decrease reactivity, while amino groups have the opposite effect. The findings provide insights into the environmental fates of these emerging contaminants, such as neonicotinoid pesticides.
Article
Environmental Sciences
B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, A. Anderson, P. S. J. Lakey, W. Wang, M. J. Ezell, X. Wang, L. M. Wingen, V. Perraud, M. Shiraiwa
Summary: Neonicotinoids (NNs) are commonly found throughout the environment and are present on surfaces such as seeds, soil, vegetation, and dust particles. However, little is known about their kinetics and oxidation products when exposed to the atmosphere. In this study, the OH oxidation of three solid NNs (imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and clothianidin) was investigated using in situ attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the initial lifetimes of NNs with respect to OH were approximately 10-17 days. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the reactions of NNs and their photodegradation products with OH in assessing their environmental impacts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Veronique Perraud, Jing Xu, R. Benny Gerber, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
L. M. Wingen, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Allison C. Vander Wall, Veronique Perraud, Lisa M. Wingen, Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2020)