Editorial Material
Optics
Guenther Paltauf
Summary: Three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography synchronized with an electrocardiogram allows for detailed imaging of a beating heart, providing optical absorption contrast and facilitating the study of cardiovascular diseases in animal models.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Angela L. Mahaffey
Summary: In the course of two years (2018 and 2020), anatomists and medical professionals were amazed by two significant organ discoveries that were previously undetected by conventional standards of medicine. These findings, resulting from applications founded on analytical chemistry education and techniques, sparked discussions on medical discoveries.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jian Yang, Fengyan Zhang, Ying Qiao
Summary: Ultrasound (US), CT, and their combination have different diagnostic accuracies in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). US has higher sensitivity and specificity than CT in detecting CLNM in patients with PTC, especially in the lateral compartment. The combination of US and CT increases the sensitivity in the patient-based analysis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shalini A. Amukotuwa, Angel Wu, Kevin Zhou, Inna Page, Peter Brotchie, Roland Bammer
Summary: The study found that Tmax maps derived from CT perfusion can accurately and rapidly identify patients with DMVOs, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for this condition.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippo Cademartiri, Antonella Meloni, Laura Pistoia, Giulia Degiorgi, Alberto Clemente, Carmelo De Gori, Vincenzo Positano, Simona Celi, Sergio Berti, Michele Emdin, Daniele Panetta, Luca Menichetti, Bruna Punzo, Carlo Cavaliere, Eduardo Bossone, Luca Saba, Riccardo Cau, Ludovico La Grutta, Erica Maffei
Summary: The photon-counting detector (PCD) is a new technology that provides significant benefits for cardiac and coronary artery imaging. Compared with conventional CT, PCCT has improved capabilities such as multi-energy capability, increased spatial resolution, reduced radiation exposure, and optimized use of contrast agents. It also overcomes limitations of traditional CCT/CCTA, such as reducing artifacts and enabling more precise assessment of stenosis and plaque characteristics. PCCT also has potential applications in characterizing myocardial tissue using a double-contrast agent.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Christine Vanhoof, Jeffrey R. Bacon, Ursula E. A. Fittschen, Laszlo Vincze
Summary: A highlight of this year was the construction of elemental maps of microalgae cells at the organelle level using XRF-CT, achieving the highest spatial resolution for XRF-CT images. An innovative approach with deep convolutional neural network was used to correct for self-absorption effects, enabling the use of conventional reconstruction algorithms. Additionally, the combination of XRF spectrometry and X-ray ptychography scanning reduced data collection time.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Giorgio Ascenti, Giuseppe Cicero, Gianpiero Cardone, Elena Bertelli, Maurizio Papa, Vincenzo Ciccone, Rosa Manetta, Francesco Gentili, Antonio Pio Francioso, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Chiara Floridi, Ernesto Di Cesare, Nicoletta Gandolfo, Massimo De Filippo, Vittorio Miele, Andrea Giovagnoni
Summary: CT urography refers to different scanning protocols for various clinical indications, highlighting the role of radiologists in choosing suitable techniques for patients. However, confusion can arise due to technical and clinical variables. A survey of Italian radiologists identified five important topics: definition, opacification of the excretory system, techniques, post-processing, and radiation dose. This study aims to deepen knowledge and provide recommendations for daily radiology practice, based on the expertise of the Italian board of genitourinary imaging.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael G. Milligan, Inga T. Lennes, Saif Hawari, Melin J. Khandekar, Yolonda Colson, Jo-Anne O. Shepard, Angela Frank, Lecia Sequist, Henning Willers, Florence K. Keane
Summary: This study conducted in a lung nodule and lung cancer screening clinic aimed to evaluate the role of stereotactic body radiation therapy among patients enrolled in a lung cancer screening program. The findings revealed that one in four patients with screen-detected pulmonary nodules requiring intervention were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy, highlighting the importance of radiation oncologists in the multidisciplinary management of pulmonary nodules.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arun Sundar S. Singaravelu, Jason J. Williams, Pavel Shevchenko, Jasmin Ruppert, Francesco De Carlo, Mark Henderson, Chris Holmes, Nikhilesh Chawla
Summary: In situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography was utilized to study the compression behavior of foam materials in shoe soles, revealing a significant influence of ligament thickness distribution variability on the overall mechanical response of the foams.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Takanori Kouchi, Yuki Tanabe, Takumasa Takemoto, Kazuki Yoshida, Yuta Yamamoto, Shigehiro Miyazaki, Naoki Fukuyama, Hikaru Nishiyama, Shinji Inaba, Naoto Kawaguchi, Tomoyuki Kido, Osamu Yamaguchi, Teruhito Kido
Summary: The study evaluated the feasibility of myocardial perfusion ratio (MPR) in static computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for detecting myocardial perfusion abnormalities. The results showed that MPR had higher diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocardial perfusion abnormalities compared to other quantitative parameters.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ronald Booij, Marcel van Straten, Andreas Wimmer, Ricardo P. J. Budde
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of breathing state on the accuracy of a 3D camera for body contour detection and patient positioning in thoracic CT. Results showed that acquiring camera images and subsequent CT scans in the same breathing state leads to accurate and precise patient positioning. It is recommended to obtain expiratory planning images when performing a thoracic CT scan in both inspiratory and expiratory breathing states.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Yaowei Zhu, Lili Li, Bin Sun, Min Zhang, Chunmei Zhang, Chunsheng Xiao, Li Chen
Summary: The use of near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging for in vivo diagnosis is appealing due to its deep tissue penetration and low tissue autofluorescence. However, the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect hinders NIR-II imaging and its application. This study introduced a V-configuration donor unit, 2,8-dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine, to prepare a twisted backbone donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer P-TB, and compared it with the planar D-A polymer P-TP. P-TB exhibited no obvious ACQ effect up to 600 μM and showed the same phenomenon during in vivo NIR-II imaging in mice, indicating the beneficial role of V-configuration donor units in weakening the ACQ effect. This work presents a promising approach for designing conventional NIR-II fluorescent polymers by manipulating the configuration of donor units.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ilaria Vittoria de Martini, Adrian Raoul Kobe, Christian Roeren, Robert Manka, Andre Euler, Dagmar Keller, Frank Ruschitzka, Hatem Alkadhi, Matthias Eberhard
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of using CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for diagnosing acute heart failure (HF) in emergency department patients. The results showed that both HUratio and HUdiff had a high sensitivity for diagnosing HF, indicating their potential as viable diagnostic markers.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Stefanie J. Bette, Franziska M. Braun, Mark Haerting, Josua A. Decker, Jan H. Luitjens, Christian Scheurig-Muenkler, Thomas J. Kroencke, Florian Schwarz
Summary: In this study comparing PCD-CT and EID-CT in mouse specimens, PCD-CT demonstrated lower image noise, higher SNR, and better edge sharpness compared to EID-CT. Radiologists consistently preferred PCD-CT for visualizing bone details, even in SNR-matched pairs.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne-Claire Ortlieb, Aissam Labani, Francois Severac, Mi-Young Jeung, Catherine Roy, Mickael Ohana
Summary: This study assessed the impact of patient's morphotype on image quality and diagnostic performance of Ultra-Low-Dose (ULD) chest CT. It found a negative correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and image quality, but no correlation with diagnostic performance, suggesting a potential use of ULD protocol in obese patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Margery C. Coombs, Ursula B. Goehlich
PALAEOBIODIVERSITY AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTS
(2020)
Article
Anthropology
Rachel Sarig, Cinzia Fornai, Ariel Pokhojaev, Hila May, Mark Hans, Bruce Latimer, Omry Barzilai, Rolf Quam, Gerhard W. Weber
Summary: This study analyzed the dental remains discovered at Manot Cave in Western Galilee, Israel, during the Early Upper Paleolithic period. The results provided ambiguous signals suggesting some teeth might belong to modern humans or Neanderthals. However, due to the small sample size and lack of distinctive characteristics, conclusive evidence regarding the origin of the Manot Aurignacian population could not be determined.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jaroslaw Wilczynski, Tomasz Goslar, Piotr Wojtal, Martin Oliva, Ursula B. Gohlich, Walpurga Antl-Weiser, Petr Sida, Alexander Verpoorte, Gyorgy Lengyel
Editorial Material
Biodiversity Conservation
Ursula B. Goehlich, Oleg Mandic
PALAEOBIODIVERSITY AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTS
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ursula B. Goehlich
PALAEOBIODIVERSITY AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabine Fraberger, Martin Dockner, Eduard Winter, Michael Pretterklieber, Gerhard W. Weber, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Peter Pietschmann
Summary: This study used micro-computed tomography (mu-CT) to assess osseous defects caused by untreated syphilis in 30 macerated human skulls. The results showed perforating defects, increased porosity, sclerotic reorganization, complete loss of cortical bone, and cortical thinning as manifestations of syphilis-related bone damage.
WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Israel Hershkovitz, Hila May, Rachel Sarig, Ariel Pokhojaev, Dominique Grimaud-Herve, Emiliano Bruner, Cinzia Fornai, Rolf Quam, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Viktoria A. Krenn, Maria Martinon-Torres, Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, Laura Martin-Frances, Viviane Sion, Lou Albessard-Ball, Amehe Vialet, Tim Schueler, Giorgio Manzi, Antonio Profico, Fabio Di Vincenzo, Gerhard W. Weber, Yossi Zaidner
Summary: The discovery of ancient human fossils at the Nesher Ramla site in Israel, dating back 140,000 to 120,000 years ago, reveals a unique combination of Neanderthal and archaic features in this Homo group. These specimens may represent late survivors of a Levantine Middle Pleistocene paleodeme, possibly contributing to the evolution of Middle Pleistocene Homo in Europe and East Asia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra G. Simkova, Gerhard W. Weber, Fernando V. Ramirez Rozzi, Lotfi Slimani, Jeremy Sadoine, Cinzia Fornai
Summary: The study found that the dental morphology of the Baka Pygmies largely overlaps with other populations, especially in the lower dm2s. The Baka exhibit extreme variation in their teeth, with the upper and lower dm2s covarying to a great extent. Despite their unique growth pattern and extreme dental variation, it is not possible to distinguish the Baka from other populations based solely on the morphology of their dm2s.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hila May, Rachel Sarig, Ariel Pokhojaev, Cinzia Fornai, Maria Martinon-Torres, Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, Gerhard W. Weber, Yossi Zaidner, Israel Hershkovitz
Summary: The claims by Marom and Rak that NR Homo may be a Neanderthal lack substance and fail to contribute significantly to the debate on Middle Pleistocene Homo evolution. Limitations and preconceptions in their study prevented them from going beyond a dichotomous interpretation of NR as either Neanderthal or modern human.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gyoergy Vekszler, Matthias Granner, Elena Nebot Valenzuela, Eduard Winter, Martin Dockner, Gerhard W. Weber, Michael Pretterklieber, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Peter Pietschmann
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the microarchitecture of historic dry bone samples of individuals who died from tuberculosis. The findings showed that trabecular defects and decreased trabecular thickness were observed in all skeletal regions of tuberculosis samples.
WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gerhard W. Weber, Alexander Lukeneder, Mathias Harzhauser, Philipp Mitteroecker, Lisa Wurm, Lisa-Maria Hollaus, Sarah Kainz, Fabian Haack, Walpurga Antl-Weiser, Anton Kern
Summary: The origin and key details of the 30,000 year old Venus from Willendorf have been revealed through new scanning technology. The study also suggests the possibility of long-distance artifact transportation by the Gravettian people before the Last Glacial Maximum.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Justin A. Ledogar, Sascha Senck, Brian A. Villmoare, Amanda L. Smith, Gerhard W. Weber, Brian G. Richmond, Paul C. Dechow, Callum F. Ross, Ian R. Grosse, Barth W. Wright, Qian Wang, Craig Byron, Stefano Benazzi, Kristian J. Carlson, Keely B. Carlson, Leslie C. Pryor McIntosh, Adam van Casteren, David S. Strait
Summary: Australopiths have cranial traits that strengthen the facial skeleton for feeding and increase bite force efficiency. The cranial strength of robust australopiths is thought to be superior to that of gracile australopiths. However, the hypothesis that gracile australopith crania are weaker and less efficient is not supported by the findings. Some gracile australopith crania are as strong as robust australopith crania, and their strength overlaps with that of chimpanzee crania. It is speculated that the evolution of cranial traits for bite force efficiency may have simultaneously weakened the face, leading to the evolution of additional traits to reinforce the facial skeleton.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Gerhard W. Weber
Summary: The understanding of the evolution of the genus Homo requires considering both biology and culture as interacting inheritance systems shaping human nature. This study demonstrates the parallel progression of brain-size increase and cultural development using cranial capacity data and archaeological records, indicating several quantum leaps in biocultural evolution. The leaps include the use of sophisticated tools and fire, the development of symbolism, and the current challenge of intentional evolution. Extrapolation of the model into the future suggests that the persistence of humans as biological entities is not guaranteed.
Meeting Abstract
Anthropology
Hila May, Rachel Sarig, Gerhard W. Weber, Cinzia Fornai, Maria Martinon-Torres, Jose M. Bermudez De Castro, Yossi Zaidner, Israel Hershkovitz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Anthropology
Petra G. Simkova, Lisa Wurm, Cinzia Fornai, Gerhard W. Weber
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)