期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE
卷 224, 期 H12, 页码 1373-1387出版社
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1243/09544119JEIM836
关键词
bioactive glass; scaffolds; tissue engineering; bone regeneration; NMR; XRD; nanostructure; image analysis; X-ray microtomography
资金
- EPSRC [GR/T26344, EP/E057098/1, EP/050611/1, EP/E051669/1, GR/R57492, EP/C004671/1]
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Philip Leverhulme Prize
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/C004671/1, EP/E050611/1, EP/E051669/1, EP/E057098/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/E050611/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Scaffolds are needed that can act as temporary templates for bone regeneration and actively stimulate vascularized bone growth so that bone grafting is no longer necessary. To achieve this, the scaffold must have a suitable interconnected pore network and be made of an osteogenic material. Bioactive glass is an ideal material because it rapidly bonds to bone and degrades over time, releasing soluble silica and calcium ions that are thought to stimulate osteoprogenitor cells. Melt-derived bioactive glasses, such as the original Bioglass (R) composition, are available commercially, but porous scaffolds have been difficult to produce because Bioglass and similar compositions crystallize on sintering. Sol-gel foam scaffolds have been developed that avoid this problem. They have a hierarchical pore structure comprising interconnected macropores, with interconnect diameters in excess of the 100 mm that is thought to be needed for vascularized bone ingrowth, and an inherent nanoporosity of interconnected mesopores (2-50 nm) which is beneficial for the attachment of osteoprogenitor cells. They also have a compressive strength in the range of cancellous bone. This paper describes the optimized sol-gel foaming process and illustrates the importance of optimizing the hierarchical structure from the atomic through nano, to the macro scale with respect to biological response.
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