Engineering neural interfaces for rehabilitation of lower limb function in spinal cord injured

Recent progress in neural interface technologies and demonstration of direct cortical control of robotic arm or computer cursor for simple movement has 'generated high expectation of rapid development of cortically controlled neuroprosthetics to improve motor function in subjects with severe neurological deficits. However, several challenging engineering and biological issues remain to be resolved before a practical system can be developed for patients to receive real benefit. The ability of neural systems to adapt to changes and learn new functions should be taken into consideration in the design and development of neuroprosthetics so that the two systems can cooperatively work together to accommodate continued changes (neural degeneration or functional 'improvement) in a human user. An intelligent neural interface should be able to activate residual function and facilitate adaptation and learning ability of the neural system. Current efforts in developing wireless and networked neural interfaces and utilizing smart materials and sensors will revolutionize the future design of neuroprosthetics and advance the investigation of brain function. This report reviews two recent projects in activating residual neural functions and investigating brain control of lower limb functions.