Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nobuyuki Horita, Shingo Kato, Daisuke Utsunomiya
Summary: The obesity paradox refers to the phenomenon where obese individuals have better life expectancy or fewer cardiovascular events in certain diseases. Collider bias is a plausible explanation, but its controversy remains. The use of appropriate analytical techniques is crucial in unraveling the nature of the obesity bias.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stamatia Simati, Alexander Kokkinos, Maria Dalamaga, Georgia Argyrakopoulou
Summary: The obesity paradox refers to the observation that certain chronic diseases show a protective association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes. However, this association may be influenced by factors such as limitations of BMI, unintended weight loss due to chronic illness, different phenotypes of obesity, and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Recent evidence suggests that cardioprotective medications, obesity duration, and smoking status also play a role in the obesity paradox.
CURRENT OBESITY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Setor K. Kunutsor, Michael R. Whitehouse, Ashley W. Blom
Summary: There is a paradoxical relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disease where obese individuals may have a more favorable prognosis in certain cardiovascular conditions. Factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness, increased lean mass, and adipose tissue acting as a metabolic reserve may help explain this phenomenon.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pigi Dikaiou, Lena Bjorck, Martin Adiels, Christina E. Lundberg, Zacharias Mandalenakis, Karin Manhem, Annika Rosengren
Summary: This study found a significant association between body mass index in young women and the risk for early cardiovascular disease and mortality, with overweight and obese women showing a markedly increased risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lois Kankowski, Maddalena Ardissino, Celeste McCracken, Adam J. Lewandowski, Paul Leeson, Stefan Neubauer, Nicholas C. Harvey, Steffen E. Petersen, Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
Summary: Evidence suggests a strong link between maternal obesity and poorer cardiovascular health in offspring throughout life, from infancy into adulthood. While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, targeted maternal obesity prevention measures are supported to promote cardiovascular health in offspring.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Ameer A. Alameri, Rumi Iqbal Doewes, Amr A. El-Sehrawy, Irfan Ahmad, Pushpamala Ramaiah, Mustafa M. Kadhim, Hamzah H. Kzar, R. Sivaraman, Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Yasser Fakri Mustafa
Summary: In this meta-analysis, an inverse association between circulating AGEs and body mass index among adults was observed, while the association between dietary AGEs and body mass index was inconclusive. Individuals with obesity had lower levels of circulating AGEs compared to those without obesity. The type of AGEs may contribute to the heterogeneity observed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Amir H. Jadidinejad, Craig Macdonald, Iadh Ounis
Summary: This article explores the issue of Simpson's paradox in offline evaluation of recommendation systems and proposes a novel evaluation methodology based on stratified sampling to address the confounding factor. The proposed evaluation methodology shows significant improvements compared to the standard evaluation in reflecting the true ranking of systems with an open loop evaluation.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Odayme Quesada, Marie Lauzon, Rae Buttle, Janet Wei, Nissi Suppogu, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Steven E. Reis, Leslee J. Shaw, George Sopko, Eileen Handberg, Carl J. Pepine, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Summary: This study aims to determine the role of physical fitness in the obesity paradox in women with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The findings suggest that physical fitness plays a role in the association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes in women. Overweight and obese women with good physical fitness had lower long-term all-cause mortality, while normal weight women with poor physical fitness had higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Arnaud D. Kaze, Sebhat Erqou, Prasanna Santhanam, Alain G. Bertoni, Rexford S. Ahima, Gregg C. Fonarow, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
Summary: This study found that greater variability in adiposity indices in individuals with type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher risk of incident heart failure, independently of traditional risk factors and baseline adiposity levels.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Grace M. Power, Jessica Tyrrell, Timothy M. Frayling, George Davey Smith, Tom G. Richardson
Summary: This study found that genetically predicted childhood body size mainly influences cardiovascular disease outcomes through adult body size indirectly, emphasizing the potential impact of obesity in childhood on cardiovascular health in adulthood.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiyu Li, Pengbo Wang, Rui Ma, Xiaofan Guo, Yingxian Sun, Xingang Zhang
Summary: Obesity has become a serious public health problem and brings a heavy burden of cardiovascular disease. Whether individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) have a lower cardiovascular risk remains controversial. This study aimed to define MHO using a new criterion and assess its predictive value for cardiovascular events and death, while comparing it with the traditional criterion.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tracey G. Simon, Bjorn Roelstraete, Hannes Hagstrom, Johan Sundstroem, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: This study demonstrated that patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD have a significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality, compared to matched population controls. The risk of such events increases progressively with worsening NAFLD severity.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonviea D. Chamberlain, Anais Rouanet, Bruno Dubois, Florence Pasquier, Olivier Hanon, Audrey Gabelle, Mathieu Ceccaldi, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Yannick Bejot, Olivier Godefroy, David Wallon, Armelle Gentric, Genevieve Chene, Carole Dufouil
Summary: The study found that incident cancer was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, suggesting a protective relationship between cancer and dementia. Further investigations are encouraged to understand potential underlying mechanisms.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chen Gurevitz, Aseel Assali, Jamil Mohsan, Shirly Fluk Gmach, Roy Beigel, Tal Ovdat, Donna R. Zwas, Ran Kornowski, Katia Orvin, Alon Eisen
Summary: Obesity paradox exists in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, where obese patients have better clinical outcomes compared to underweight and normal weight patients. Over a 2-decade period, the rates of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality have decreased among overweight and obese ACS patients, while remaining consistently high in underweight patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chun-Hsiang Lin, Oswald Ndi Nfor, Chien-Chang Ho, Shu-Yi Hsu, Disline Manli Tantoh, Yi-Chia Liaw, Mochly-Rosen Daria, Che-Hong Chen, Yung Liaw
Summary: This study found that among Taiwanese adults, the ADH1B rs1229984 TC + CC genotype and alcohol consumption of at least 150 ml/week may increase the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke. The ALDH2 rs671 genotype was not associated with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke among alcohol drinkers.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Saeid Safiri, Ali Asghar Kolahi, Marita Cross, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Jay Kaufman, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Ahad Ashrafi-Asgarabad, Damian Hoy, Gary Collins, Anthony D. Woolf, Lyn March, Emma Smith
Summary: Globally, the point prevalence and death rates of other musculoskeletal disorders increased in 2017, with higher estimates among females and increasing prevalence with age. The data suggests a need for specific disease information within this category for future global burden of disease estimates to inform resource allocation and interventions.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven D. Stovitz, Hailey R. Banack, Jay S. Kaufman
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jay S. Kaufman, Joanna Merckx, Richard S. Cooper
Summary: Medicine has evolved from a mystical healing art to a mature science of human health through a rigorous process of quantification, experimentation, and evaluation. Folkloric traditions, such as race- and ethnic-specific medicine will fade from use as we become increasingly critical of outdated and irrational clinical practices and replace these with personalized, evidenced-based tests, algorithms, and procedures that privilege patients' individual humanity over obsolete and misleading labels.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven D. Stovitz, Hailey R. Banack, Jay S. Kaufman
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Saeid Safiri, Nahid Karamzad, Jay S. Kaufman, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Mark J. M. Sullman, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Gary S. Collins, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Ahmedin Jemal
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive report on the levels and trends of 13 cancers attributable to excess body weight (EBW) from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories. The findings suggest that the burden of EBW-attributable cancers has been increasing globally over the past three decades. There are significant variations between countries and regions, highlighting the need for tailored preventive interventions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hong Chen, Jay S. Kaufman, Toyib Olaniyan, Lauren Pinault, Michael Tjepkema, Li Chen, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall Martin, Perry Hystad, Chen Chen, Megan Kirby-McGregor, Li Bai, Richard Burnett, Tarik Benmarhnia
Summary: The study investigated the association between changes in long-term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and premature mortality in Canada. The results showed that decreases in PM2.5 were associated with lower mortality, while increases in PM2.5 were associated with higher mortality, particularly in relation to deaths from cardiometabolic causes. Overall, the findings support the continuous improvement of air quality.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Saeid Safiri, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Nahid Karamzad, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Mark J. M. Sullman, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Gary S. Collins, Jay S. Kaufman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Summary: Alcohol consumption is associated with various cancers, and it places a higher burden on males, the elderly, and developed regions. Despite recent decreases, significant numbers of cancer deaths and DALYs are still attributable to alcohol consumption.
Article
Oncology
Saeid Safiri, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Morteza Abdollahi, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Jay S. Kaufman, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Mark J. M. Sullman, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Ali Taghizadieh, Gary S. Collins, Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Summary: This study reveals that the burden of cancer caused by smoking is still significant, with variations across countries and regions. There is a need for increased utilization of evidence-based smoking cessation support to reduce the burden of smoking-related diseases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Megan Kirby-McGregor, Chen Chen, Hong Chen, Tarik Benmarhnia, Jay S. Kaufman
Summary: This study found that ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Canada decreased from 2001 to 2016, but disadvantaged communities with lower income, education, and higher proportions of aboriginal population did not benefit equally. This highlights the need to address environmental injustice in air pollution policies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hong Chen, Matthew Quick, Jay S. Kaufman, Chen Chen, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Aaron van Donkelaar, Jun Meng, Randall V. Martin, JinHee Kim, Eric Lavigne, Li Bai, Yi Li, Michael Tjepkema, Tarik Benmarhnia, Richard T. Burnett
Summary: Reducing anthropogenic contributions to PM2.5 could lead to significant health benefits, even in a country like Canada where PM2.5 levels are already low. A 10% annual reduction in PM2.5 contributions from transportation and power generation sources could prevent a substantial number of deaths per million by 2016.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Letter
Pediatrics
Francesca del Giorgio, Merieme Habti, Joanna Merckx, Jay S. Kaufman, Jocelyn Gravel, Nelson Piche, Esli Osmanlliu, Olivier Drouin
WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Li Bai, Tarik Benmarhnia, Chen Chen, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Richard T. Burnett, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall Martin, JinHee Kim, Jay S. Kaufman, Hong Chen
Summary: This study investigates the mediation effect of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases on the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality. The results suggest that a significant portion of the effect of PM2.5 on deaths can be attributed to its impact on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of PM2.5 on cardiovascular health deterioration.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Yi Li, Kazuki Yoshida, Jay S. Kaufman, Maya B. Mathur
Summary: This article provides an overview of regression-based causal mediation analysis in the field of traumatic stress and offers guidance on conducting mediation analysis using the R package regmedint. The authors discuss the causal interpretations of the estimated quantities in causal mediation analysis, including total, direct, and indirect effects, especially when there is an interaction between exposure and mediator. They also discuss the necessary assumptions and suitable study designs for valid estimation of these causal quantities, as well as the differences between causal mediation analysis and traditional methods of mediation. By using data from a published longitudinal study, the authors illustrate how to conduct and interpret mediation analysis using regmedint and compare the results to those obtained using traditional methods, highlighting the importance of accounting for exposure-mediator interaction.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Doris Duran, Renzo Calderon Anyosa, Belinda Nicolau, Jay S. Kaufman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on cancer mortality rates and place of death in Brazil, Chile, and Peru. The implementation of lockdown measures resulted in a decrease in overall cancer mortality rates and an increase in at-home deaths, with a corresponding decrease in hospital deaths observed only in Chile.
CADERNOS DE SAUDE PUBLICA
(2023)
Article
Public Administration
Deepa Jahagirdar, Michelle Dimitris, Erin Strumpf, Jay S. Kaufman, Sam Harper, Jody Heymann, Efe Atabay, Ilona Vincent, Arijit Nandi
Summary: The increasing caregiving needs for family members are creating pressure on prime-age workers. This, combined with the ageing population, means more of the workforce may need to consider caring needs. Informal caregivers provide care without payment and usually have a close relationship with the recipient, making them a preferred option in meeting support needs.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL POLICY
(2021)
