Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuai Wang, Yufeng Guo, Jianjun Fan, Zhuang Yang, Feng Chen, Lingzhi Yang, Yajing Liu
Summary: This study investigated the deposit issues in iron ore fluxed pellet production, finding that a high proportion of liquid phases in the deposits led to severe deposit formation during the production process. The composition of bonding phases in the deposits changed significantly with an increase in CaO content in the iron ore pellets, affecting the formation of bonding phases and leading to deposit issues.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Oleksandr Kovtun, Mykyta Levchenko, Erik Oldinski, Martin Graebner, Olena Volkova
Summary: The study investigates the reduction swelling index (RSI) of iron ore pellets in a forming gas atmosphere and compares it with that in pure H-2. Experimental results show that the RSI increases with increasing temperature in both H-2 and N-2/H-2 atmospheres. The maximum swelling is reached earlier in the H-2 reduction process compared to the N-2/H-2 atmosphere.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Avula Leela Sukh Brahma Reddy, Swapan Kumar Karak, Santosh Kumar Sahoo, Mithilesh Kumar
Summary: Studies were conducted on the isothermal reduction behaviour (with coal) of fired pellets of low-grade hematite iron ore in the temperature range of 1123-1223 K. Higher temperature and shorter reduction duration led to improved reduction rate, especially up to about 45- 55% reduction. Fired iron ore pellets made with molasses showed slightly higher reduction values compared to those prepared with bentonite, and no abnormal swelling was observed in any of the reduced pellets. The kinetic model equation, 1 - (1 - f)(1/3) = kt, was found to fit well for the experimental results, with computed apparent activation energy values ranging from 15-16 kJ mol(-) 1, suggesting that the reduction rate was controlled by both chemical reaction and gaseous diffusion processes.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yingjie Fan, Yunhao Zhang, Zhichao Li, Yifan Chai, Yici Wang, Guoping Luo, Shengli An
Summary: This study investigates the swelling behavior of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate during the reduction process, providing valuable insights into the reduction swelling theory of pellets prepared from complex intergrowth minerals.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ariany Zulkania, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Muslikhin Hidayat, Rochim Bakti Cahyono
Summary: This study investigates the reduction reactivity of pellets prepared from low-grade iron ore and palm kernel shells as a source of fuel in the steel industry. The results demonstrate that increasing the heating rate enhances the reduction reaction and shortens the reaction time.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yuri Korobeinikov, Amogh Meshram, Christopher Harris, Olexandr Kovtun, Joe Govro, Ronald J. O'Malley, Olena Volkova, Seetharaman Sridhar
Summary: Direct reduction of iron ore (DRI) has gained attention as a way to decarbonize industrial processes. This study focuses on the effects of gas mixtures and temperature on the reduction kinetics of hematite iron-ore pellets. The results show that slower reduction rates lead to larger pores, offsetting the influence of gas composition. Higher temperatures result in coarser pores and higher porosity. An increase in CO content in the gas mix also leads to larger pore size.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Amit Kumar Singh, Om Prakash Sinha, Randhir Singh
Summary: The potential of fast-growing and high-carbon yielding hardwood biomasses, such as Acacia, Albizia, and Leucaena, as reductants in ironmaking has been explored. Charcoals derived from these biomasses, specifically W1 and W3, were found to be better reductants than charcoal from W2 in composite pellets with iron ore. The use of charcoal, which is CO2 neutral and more reactive than coal, proves to be a better alternative in the reduction process of ironmaking.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raj Kumar Dishwar, Om Prakash Sinha
Summary: The reduction behavior of high flux hardened iron ore pellets of different basicity levels was studied at different temperatures, with the best-fit kinetic model and activation energy calculated. It was found that pellets with higher basicity levels had lower activation energies after reduction in a coal bed, making them suitable for steelmaking in Electric arc furnace/Linz-Donawitz Converter.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Thomas Wolfinger, Daniel Spreitzer, Johannes Schenk
Summary: This review examines the usability of iron ore ultra-fines for hydrogen-based direct reduction, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption in the iron and steel industry. The classification of powders for fluidized bed and the fluid dynamics related to the processing of iron ore ultra-fines are analyzed. The impact of the reduction process and methods to prevent sticking are also evaluated. Theoretical considerations and process-relevant issues for utilizing iron ore ultra-fines in hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction are provided.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Qi-yan Xu, Zhang-han Gu, Zhi-ping Li, Ying-yi Zhang, Hai-chuan Wang
Summary: The optimal operating parameters for pure hydrogen reduction and addition of plastic particles during fluidized bed reduction of fine iron ore were determined. It was observed that the chemical reaction resistance and inner diffusion resistance changed over time during the reduction process.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Damodar S. Reddy, Hao-Hsun Chang, Meng -Yu Tsai, In-Gann Chen, Keng-Tung Wu, Shih-Hsien Liu
Summary: This study investigated the use of different reducing agents in iron-ore composite pellets, including coal, spent mushroom substrate, torrefied mushroom substrate, and de-ashed torrefied mushroom substrate. The torrefied mushroom pellets exhibited significant swelling and softening behavior, while coal and de-ashed torrefied pellets did not swell. Additionally, the addition of alkali metal oxides and soda lime glass to de-ashed torrefied pellets resulted in increased swelling and decreased softening temperature.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thomas Wolfinger, Daniel Spreitzer, Johannes Schenk
Summary: This article focuses on the use of iron ore ultra-fines in a novel hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction process, analyzing the benefits of this process and the classification of iron ore ultra-fines in a fluidized bed. The effects of process conditions and the agglomeration phenomenon sticking on the fluidized bed were analyzed and evaluated with mathematical case studies, identifying sticking as the most critical issue.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pedro P. S. Cavalcanti, Horacio A. Petit, Anderson D. Thomazini, Rodrigo M. de Carvalho, Luis Marcelo Tavares
Summary: The study investigates mechanical degradation of iron ore pellets using a pneumatic gun device, finding that body breakage probability is influenced by the normal component of impact, and mass loss due to surface breakage can be well described by a model. Parameters affecting pellet breakage were estimated from data, and the model was validated successfully.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Sarkar, V. Chavan, N. N. Pai, A. Prakash, B. Hazra, P. Raut, D. Sunilkumar, C. Sivananda, S. Kundu, S. Nag, S. Basu, I. Samajdar
Summary: This study conducted simulated reduction studies on twenty different iron ore pellets and found that the reduction time period was related to the final iron and Wustite ratio. The reduction time period also scaled with microstructural parameters such as porosity, grain size, crystallographic texture, and dislocation density. It was suggested that dislocation density represented the controlling feature for the reduction of iron ore pellets.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junlei Yang, Linghuan Li, Zhikai Liang, Xin Peng, Xianying Deng, Jiayuan Li, Lingyun Yi, Boyang Huang, Jun Chen
Summary: This study investigates the reduction swelling of iron ore under mixed H2-CO atmospheres. It reveals that increasing H2 content helps suppress the swelling and leads to the shrinkage of the ore pellets after maximum swelling. The dynamic resistance calculations show that the mechanisms controlling the reaction process vary under different conditions.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhan-xia Di, Zheng-yi Li, Ru-fei Wei, Ying Liu, Qing-min Meng, Tie-jun Chun, Hong-ming Long, Jia-xin Li, Ping Wang
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shanghuan Feng, Rufei Wei, Mathew Leitch, Chunbao Charles Xu
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Junxiang Guo, Lingling Zhang, Daqiang Cang, Liying Qi, Wenbin Dai, Rufei Wei
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Qingmin Meng, Rufei Wei, Jiaxin Li, Ping Wang, Zhifang Gao, Zhanxia Di, Hongming Long
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hong-ming Long, Qi Shi, Hong-liang Zhang, Ru-fei Wei, Tie-jun Chun, Jia-xin Li
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Baozhong Zhu, Qilong Fang, Yunlan Sun, Shoulai Yin, Guobo Li, Zhaohui Zi, Tingting Ge, Zicheng Zhu, Mengxing Zhang, Jiaxin Li
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jun-xiang Guo, Ling-ling Zhang, Wen-bin Dai, Li-ying Qi, Ru-fei Wei, Da-qiang Cang
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Deng Nanyang, Zhou Di, Wei Rufei, Deng Aijun, Xia Yunjin, Fan Dingdong
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING
(2019)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Di Zhou, Rufei Wei, Hongming Long, Jiaxin Li, Liying Qi, Chunbao Charles Xu
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rufei Wei, Haiming Li, Yifeng Lin, Lebiao Yang, Hongming Long, Chunbao Charles Xu, Jiaxin Li
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Di Zhou, Rufei Wei, Yulong Zhu, Hongming Long, Bangfu Huang, Yifan Wang, Shoucang Wu
Summary: The one-step preparation of calcium sulfate whiskers from flue gas desulfurization ash was successfully achieved using a hydrothermal method, with control of temperature, time, and speed parameters being crucial. Adding a medium solution purification link in the hydrothermal system contributes to the production of high-quality calcium sulfate whiskers products.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiang Lu, Xiao-li Huang, Ru-fei Wei, Wen Chen, Da-qiang Cang, Fei-hua Yang, Chun-lei Pu
Summary: The iron element in electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is difficult to recycle, but can be effectively recovered through hot modification. Spinel formation increases the iron recovery rate and enables simultaneous recovery of chromium, which is beneficial for cleaner production. The iron recovery rate increases and then decreases with increasing modifier amount.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jian Yang, Zhenying Li, Rufei Wei, Di Zhou, Hongming Long, Jiaxin Li, Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Summary: The combustion characteristics and kinetics of food solid wastes (FSW), pulverized coal (PC), and their mixtures were studied, and the co-combustion process was found to improve the overall combustion efficiency.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Rufei Wei, Dongwen Xiang, Hongming Long, Jiaxin Li, Qingmin Meng
METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ri Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengyan Ding
Summary: A thin liquid film method is proposed to evaluate sand erosion in annular flow. This method considers the direct interaction between the liquid film and gas core, as well as the entrainment and deposition of droplets. The erosion rate is calculated by considering the effects of liquid entrainment and particle velocity decay. The method is fully verified by comparing with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Suo, Xianheng Su, Wenyuan He, Xiaofei Fu, Zhejun Pan
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical properties of sandstone-shale composite through orthogonal experimental method and discrete element simulation. The results show that different lithologies and thickness ratios can affect the strength and fracture mode of the composite rock samples.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabrizio Scala, Antonino Squillace, Piero Salatino
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) for square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. The results show that good finishing can be achieved using rotation-assisted tests, with a maximum reduction of surface roughness by 67%. Steel particles are found to be the most effective bed material.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ningbo Song, Wanzhong Yin, Jin Yao
Summary: Seawater's dissolved salts and minerals have various effects on the flotation process, including influencing the characteristics and behavior of flotation factors, as well as affecting the surface of sulfide minerals. In most cases, seawater has adverse effects on the flotation of sulfide minerals, but these effects can be mitigated by adjusting the reagents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiqiao Wu, Shuxian Jiang, Victor Francia, Marc-Olivier Coppens
Summary: In rectangular and cylindrical annular fluidized beds, pulsating gas flow can create regular bubble patterns, overcoming challenges seen in conventional units. This study provides new opportunities for modularization of fluidized bed operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuo Li, Huili Zhang, Jan Baeyens, Miao Yang, Zehao Li, Yimin Deng
Summary: The paper assesses the behavior of cohesive Geldart C-type particles when fluidized by air with the aid of vibration. It determines that mechanical vibration is a simple and effective method to improve the fluidity of cohesive particles during fluidization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenfei Feng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shanpan Liang, Zhenzhou Li, Fangwen Guo, Jinxin Zhang, Ding Yuan
Summary: A new micro/mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed, using Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The study explores the effects of transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics, comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the triangular transverse vortex generator improves the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Combined with the longitudinal vortex generator, the MCHS achieves the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency when the Reynolds number is 742.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kostas Giannis, Christoph Thon, Guoqing Yang, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This study presents a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology for generating realistic 3D models of particles. The method trains on 2D projections of particle images to predict their 3D shapes, and evaluates the accuracy of the predictions using Fourier shape descriptors (FSDs). This methodology has wide applications in particle shape analysis.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zheng-qing Zhou, Lu-jia Chai, Yu-long Zhang, Ya-bin Wang, Ze-chen Du, Tian-yi Wang, Yu-zhe Liu
Summary: The dynamic oxidation and shell-breaking processes of aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) during heating were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the changes in shell thickness can be divided into three stages, and the active aluminum content of ANP decreased before shell-breaking.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fulei Chen, Huaqing Ma, Zihan Liu, Lianyong Zhou, Yongzhi Zhao
Summary: A particle breakage model based on the particle replacement scheme, using the polyhedral model to describe particles, is proposed in this work to accurately describe the breakage of a large number of particles. Additionally, a fast-cutting algorithm is proposed to reproduce the size distribution of progeny particles determined by the breakage model. The validation and simulation results show satisfactory accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saeed Fateh, Mohammad Behshad Shafii, Mohammad Najafi, Cyrus Aghanajafi
Summary: Applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids alters their flow characteristics and enhances heat transfer. Through visualization and quantitative investigation, it is found that the magnetic field influences the flow patterns and velocity profiles, improving fluid mixing and vorticity magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Gao, Bingbing Wei, Xiaochuan Hu, Zaifeng Yao, Yiwen Fang, Xuejian Gao
Summary: In this study, a numerical model of sand triaxial test was established using discrete element software PFC3D, and an indoor triaxial test was conducted to calibrate the numerical model. The influence of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response of sand was analyzed. The results showed that the friction coefficient had the greatest impact on the peak strength and residual strength of the sand's stress-strain curve, and it was positively correlated. The normal tangential stiffness ratio was negatively correlated, while the porosity and boundary flexibility stiffness had minimal influence on it.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuan Liu, Jie Gong, Kai Jiang, Xiaojuan Lai, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve the performance of lignite coal water slurries (CWSs) by synthesizing a series of three-arm amphiphilic block copolymers. By controlling the relative molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, and ionic group content, the apparent viscosity of CWSs was significantly reduced and the static stability was improved. Thermogravimetric testing and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the improved performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri, Daniel Fabijanic, Subrat Das
Summary: Fluidization at low pressure offers significant benefits for the fine chemical industry. This study investigates the behavior of bubbles and bed expansion under low pressure conditions. It is found that lower pressure leads to larger bubbles, increased bubble quantity, and higher aspect ratio. The predictability is affected by the inhomogeneous fluidization, but low pressure fluidization can generate similar bubble sizes with lower fluidizing mass compared to atmospheric pressure.
