Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuqing Zhang, Ailing Zhang, Song Wang, Sanxi Li
Summary: The primary and secondary relationship among factors affecting PEEK sulfonation was investigated using a response surface method. The study found that temperature had the greatest influence on PEEK sulfonation, and the sulfonate group successfully connected to the main chain, following Arrhenius law for proton conduction. The optimized conditions resulted in a 44% sulfonation degree of PEEK, which exhibited excellent proton conductivity at 60 degrees C (5.04 x 10-2 S/cm).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Syarifah Noor Syakiylla Sayed Daud, M. N. A. Mohd Norddin, Juhana Jaafar, R. Sudirman, M. H. D. Othman, A. F. Ismail
Summary: The study found that incorporating hydrophobic polyether sulfone (PES) into highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) significantly improved the mechanical and thermal stability of the membrane without sacrificing swelling degree and hydrogen permeability. The sPEEK/PES-5 membrane showed the most promising performance, making it a potential alternative membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yunji Xie, Anna Ringuette, Di Liu, Jinhui Pang, Hatice Mutlu, Dominik Voll, Patrick Theato
Summary: The effects of degree of branching and ion exchange capacity on the properties of sulfonated branched polymer proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were systematically compared. Increasing the degree of branching and ion exchange capacity improved water absorption, proton conductivity, single-cell performance, and distribution of hydrophilic phase, but reduced mechanical properties. Increasing the degree of branching also enhanced dimensional stability and oxidative stability, while the impact of ion exchange capacity was the opposite. The optimal polymer membrane had a degree of branching of 7.5% and ion exchange capacity of 1.94 meq g-1, exhibiting the highest proton conductivity and maximum power density, satisfactory dimensional change, and sufficient thermal, oxidative, and mechanical stability. This work serves as a guide for designing and synthesizing sulfonated branched polymer PEMs.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lili Liu, Yao Lu, Cong Ning, Na Li, Shouwen Chen, Zhaoxia Hu
Summary: Structure design plays a crucial role in preparing proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with excellent performance. In this study, a series of comb-shaped sulfonated fluorinated poly(aryl ether sulfone) (SPFAES) membranes were synthesized and demonstrated improved proton conductivity and physicochemical stability compared to linear SPFAE membranes. These findings offer a promising example for the synthesis of high-performance PEMs with flexible comb-shaped side chains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Basso Peressut, Saverio Latorrata, Paola Gallo Stampino, Giovanni Dotelli
Summary: This study presents a simple method for preparing self-assembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes, investigating the effect of different sulfuric acid-to-graphene oxide ratios to find an optimal sulfonation interval. The membranes exhibit notable water-retaining and proton-exchanging properties, making them worthy of further optimization for potential use as electrolytes in PEM fuel cells.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gayathri Ravi Kumar, Raja M. Pugalenthi, Guozhong Cao, Ramesh Prabhu Manimuthu
Summary: In this study, high-performing porous sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (PSPES) nanocomposite membranes with excellent proton conductivity and stability were synthesized via modified non-solvent-induced phase inversion. The inclusion of hydroxylated boron nitride (HBN) in the membrane resulted in the formation of proton transport bridge and continuous proton transfer channels, leading to improved current and power density, as well as reduced membrane degradation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingmei Xu, Xuan Chen, Mengchi Ju, Jiahui Ren, Pengyun Zhao, Lingxin Meng, Jinxuan Lei, Qingyuan Shi, Zhe Wang
Summary: A sulfonated poly (ether ketone sulfone) with multiple sulfonic acid groups, named MSP, was prepared with uneven length side chains. Hybrid membranes were prepared by introducing ZIF-67/GO fillers into the polymer matrix. The hybrid membranes showed high proton conductivity and excellent chemical stability, indicating their potential for application in PEM.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lingxin Meng, Zhenguo Zhang, Mengchi Ju, Jingmei Xu, Zhe Wang
Summary: Incorporating Im@MIL-101-NH2 into copolymers improves the chemical stability, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability of compound membranes, and constructs new proton transport paths. These membranes have potential application value in fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diao Yuan, Yajun Qin, Songsong Li, Shenghua Du, Yaoyao Xu, Qiang Weng, Pei Chen, Xinbing Chen, Zhongwei An
Summary: A novel monomer DFTMTE was synthesized and utilized to prepare densely sulfonated copolymer membranes with high ion exchange capacity and conductivity, exhibiting significantly improved performance compared to commercially available membranes, attributed to excellent microphase separation and quinoxaline-based crosslinking.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lijun Sun, Shuguo Qu, Xueyan Lv, Luyang Ding, Jihai Duan, Weiwen Wang
Summary: In this study, a Co-MOF-74/[IM2][H2PO4]/SPEEK ternary composite membrane was prepared by encapsulating ionic liquid (IL) in metal-organic framework (MOF), which improved the proton conductivity and thermal stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yang Yu, Zheng Zeng, Xuesong Gao, Chunyong Xiong, Huamei Zhu, Hongyu Cen, Xuan Zheng, Qingting Liu, Tao Hu, Chonggang Wu
Summary: To enhance proton conductivity, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was covalently grafted with segments containing multiple propanesulfonic acid groups (MS-SPEEK-102). The resulting MS-SPEEK-102 exhibited higher proton conductivity and power density compared to SPEEK, attributed to the increased number of sulfonic acid groups and construction of uninterrupted proton-conducting channels through the movement of flexible side-chain segments. This study presents a potential approach for obtaining a proton exchange membrane with improved proton conductivity based on SPEEK.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiashu Long, Xiaocan Zhang, Siqin Zeng, Tong Pei, Huixiao Ma, Xuesong Li, Xiaoyu Meng
Summary: Functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used to enhance the proton conductivity and dimensional stability of proton exchange membranes. The bi-functionalized MOFs material (UNCS) acts as a bridge for proton transport, enabling lower activation energy and shorter distance for proton conduction. The SPEEK/UNCS-3 membrane exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 186.4 mS·cm-1 at 75°C and 100% RH, surpassing pristine SPEEK and Nafion 117. The acid-base interaction between UNCS and SPEEK enhances the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the composite membranes, and UNCS serves as bridges among proton channels for continuous proton transport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lingxin Meng, Mengchi Ju, Jingmei Xu, Xuan Chen, Pengyun Zhao, Jinxuan Lei, Tian Lan, Fenglong Chen, Ziyi Hu, Zhe Wang
Summary: In this study, fluorenyl-containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone)s were synthesized and hybrid membranes with high proton conductivity and low swelling ratio were successfully prepared. By adding specific fillers, the proton conductivity and water absorption of the membranes were improved. The obtained hybrid membranes showed promising potential for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei, Gholamreza Bakeri, Mohammad Soleimani Lashkenari
Summary: This study focused on developing low-cost proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) for microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications. By incorporating sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) and phosphotungstic acid (PWA), the performance of the PEMs was significantly enhanced, leading to improved proton conductivity and durability, resulting in higher power output in MFCs compared to commercial Nafion117 membranes.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Minghan Xu, Hao Xue, Qingfu Wang, Lichao Jia
Summary: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are potential clean energy sources attracting attention, with a focus on developing high-performance, low-cost PEMs to replace benchmark Nafion membranes. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAESs) are promising candidates due to their performance and cost advantages. Efforts are classified and introduced in developing SPAEK and SPAES membranes for promising research directions in the field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
