Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacopo Angelini, Davide Marangon, Stefano Raffaele, Davide Lecca, Maria P. Abbracchio
Summary: The study identified a significant increase of GPR17-expressing cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, mainly accumulating in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) with moderate inflammation. Additionally, two distinct subpopulations of GPR17-expressing oligodendroglial cells were found in the white matter of healthy controls and MS patients, characterized by different morphologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Martin Zirngibl, Peggy Assinck, Anastasia Sizov, Andrew Caprariello, Jason R. Plemel
Summary: This review provides an updated understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination, showcasing two modes of action: intrinsic cell damage and extrinsic cellular damage. Recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone are also summarized.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Rui Tan, Rui Hong, Chunxiao Sui, Dianxu Yang, Hengli Tian, Tao Zhu, Yang Yang
Summary: Astrocytes have both positive and negative effects on demyelination. Their inflammatory molecules can modulate immune cell activation, while their phagocytosis and recruitment of precursor cells promote remyelination. However, excessive phagocytosis can worsen demyelination. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and interactions with other cells can provide therapeutic options for myelin regeneration and synaptic dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Majid S. Jabir, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: This study explores the protective and harmful effects of autophagy in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autophagy can prevent the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders, but over-activated autophagy can worsen the neuropathology of MS. Additionally, autophagy can modulate cell proliferation and affect demyelination and remyelination. Overall, autophagy plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jayshree Samanta, Hernandez Moura Silva, Juan J. Lafaille, James L. Salzer
Summary: Gli1-expressing neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult mammalian brain have the ability to generate new oligodendrocytes for remyelination. Loss or inhibition of Gli1 enhances remyelination efficacy and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. Transcriptomic analysis of these neural stem cells provides valuable insights for identifying therapeutic targets to enhance remyelination.
Article
Neurosciences
Denisa Kirdajova, Lukas Valihrach, Martin Valny, Jan Kriska, Daniela Krocianova, Sarka Benesova, Pavel Abaffy, Daniel Zucha, Ruslan Klassen, Denisa Kolenicova, Pavel Honsa, Mikael Kubista, Miroslava Anderova
Summary: NG2 glia exhibit diverse proliferation and differentiation potential in various brain disorders, with distinct changes observed in mice with eye diseases. Single-cell analysis reveals the presence of different subpopulations within NG2 glia.
Review
Cell Biology
Xinxin Yu, Shihao Wang, Wenzheng Wu, Hongyuan Chang, Pufan Shan, Lin Yang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang
Summary: Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent depressed mood, pain and despair, pessimism and anxiety, and even suicidal tendencies. It is often associated with the development of other diseases and is believed to be influenced by genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Recent evidence suggests that viral infections may play a role in the development of depression by affecting glial cells and leading to neuroinflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilias Kalafatakis, Domna Karagogeos
Summary: This review summarizes the regulation of myelination by oligodendrocytes under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the role of microglia in myelin generation, regeneration, and repair. The beneficial and detrimental roles of microglia in remyelination are discussed, along with the cellular and molecular components involved. Recent findings related to preclinical models using human stem cells for studying microglia in human pathologies and the impact of the microbiome on glial cell functions are also presented.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Laura Ghezzi, Bryan Bollman, Luca De Feo, Laura Piccio, Bruce D. Trapp, Robert E. Schmidt, Anne H. Cross
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS demyelinating disease that often leads to unsuccessful remyelination and neuronal/axonal damage. While oligodendroglial cells are responsible for myelin production, remyelination by Schwann cells (SchC) has been observed in spinal cord demyelination. This study investigated the extent of SchC remyelination in the brain and spinal cords of autopsied MS specimens.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Martina Kunkl, Carola Amormino, Valentina Tedeschi, Maria Teresa Fiorillo, Loretta Tuosto
Summary: This review summarizes the changes and behavior of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, as well as the contribution of pathogenic T cell subsets and CD8(+) T cells to astrocytic modifications and pathological outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuanyuan Wang, Roxanne V. Kyauk, Yun-An A. Shen, Luke Xie, Mike Reichelt, Han Lin, Zhiyu Jiang, Hai Ngu, Kimberle Shen, Jacob J. Greene, Morgan Sheng, Tracy J. Yuen
Summary: Disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) is partially caused by the failure of remyelination and progressive neurodegeneration. The role of microglia, especially triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), in remyelination is significant. In this study, using a mouse model of focal demyelination, we found that TREM2 knockout mice had persistent demyelination and subsequent neurodegeneration lasting more than 6 weeks. Furthermore, TREM2 knockout microglia showed defects in migration and phagocytosis of myelin debris.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilie Dugast, Sita Shah, David-Axel Laplaud
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms involved are still not well understood, but recent studies using single-cell technologies have identified various immune cell subsets and potential therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Viktoria Gudi, Nora Schaefer, Stefan Gingele, Martin Stangel, Thomas Skripuletz
Summary: The study found that even low doses of CDP-choline effectively enhanced early remyelination and were accompanied by higher numbers of oligodendrocytes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Sanchez-Varo, Marina Mejias-Ortega, Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela, Cristina Nunez-Diaz, Laura Caceres-Palomo, Laura Vegas-Gomez, Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias, Laura Trujillo-Estrada, Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon, Ines Moreno-Gonzalez, Marisa Vizuete, Javier Vitorica, David Baglietto-Vargas, Antonia Gutierrez
Summary: This review provides an overview of the major pathological elements of Alzheimer's disease and discusses the insights provided by mouse models in understanding the underlying mechanisms. It highlights the pros and cons of current models and explores the potential benefits of combining transgenic mice with omics technologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John Michael S. Sanchez, Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva, Daniel J. Doty, Tyler J. Hanak, Amanda Truong, Jane E. Libbey, Robert S. Fujinami
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the CSF1R-microglia axis on neurotropic picornavirus infection in different mouse strains, revealing strain-specific effects on virus clearance and neurological manifestations of TMEV. The findings underscore the importance of microglial antigen presentation and T cell crosstalk in susceptibility to neurotropic picornavirus infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)