Article
Neurosciences
In-Sun Choi, Jae-Hong Kim, Ji-Young Jeong, Maan-Gee Lee, Kyoungho Suk, Il-Sung Jang
Summary: This study reveals a novel mechanism involving astrocyte-neuron interactions in sleep regulation, where ATP derived from astrocytes is converted into adenosine by TNAP. Adenosine inhibits non-sleep-promoting neurons and excites sleep-promoting neurons, thereby affecting sleep-wake cycle. This finding has important implications for understanding the physiological basis of sleep regulation.
Review
Neurosciences
Paulo Kofuji, Alfonso Araque
Summary: Astrocytes play key supportive roles in brain function, with the ability to sense and respond to synaptic activity through a wide variety of neurotransmitter transporters and receptors. Activation of astrocytes by synaptically released neurotransmitters leads to the release of gliotransmitters, influencing synaptic regulation.
Article
Neurosciences
Andres M. Baraibar, Lindsey Belisle, Giovanni Marsicano, Carlos Matute, Susana Mato, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji
Summary: Microcircuits in the neocortex are functionally organized along layers and columns, and astrocytes play a role in the functional organization and bidirectional interaction between neurons. Activation of astrocytes by endocannabinoids leads to an increase in Ca2+ levels, ATP/adenosine release, and temporary synaptic depression between layer 5 pyramidal neurons at relatively distant synapses. This form of heteroneuronal synaptic depression is specific to cortical columns and layers, depending on layer-specific neuron-to-astrocyte signaling.
Article
Economics
Yujia Wu, Wei Lan, Tao Zou, Chih-Ling Tsai
Summary: This article introduces an inward and outward network influence (IONI) model to assess the heterogeneity of nodes in a network. By dividing nodes into four quadrants based on inward and outward influence parameters, the study demonstrates the practicality of the model and its clustering method through simulation studies and an empirical example.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMIC STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maurizio De Pitta, Nicolas Brunel
Summary: Persistent activity, time-varying activity, and activity-silent mechanisms in populations of neurons have been proposed as different mechanisms of working memory. This study investigates a network model that includes both neurons and astrocytes and shows that glia-synapse interactions can lead to multiple stable states of synaptic transmission, which can serve as substrates for working memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irena Roterman, Katarzyna Stapor, Leszek Konieczny
Summary: Proteins transporting ions or molecules across the cell membrane play vital roles in maintaining stability and performing biological functions. The hydrophobicity distribution of structures in In and Out conformations affects their stability and conformational changes.
Review
Neurosciences
Ana Covelo, Abel Eraso-Pichot, Ignacio Fernandez-Moncada, Roman Serrat, Giovanni Marsicano
Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in various brain functions by activating CB1R, impacting synaptic activity and behavior. In recent years, astrocytes have been recognized as significant players in brain physiology due to their involvement in the tripartite synapse and metabolic interactions with neurons. Evidence suggests that astrocytes may serve as important sources of endocannabinoid synthesis and release, adding complexity to the understanding of ECS in brain functions.
Article
Economics
Michele Imbruno, Richard Kneller, Rosanna Pittiglio, Filippo Reganati
Summary: Using data from Italian firms during the period 2008-2012, this study empirically examines how the presence of foreign-owned firms influences the likelihood of domestic firms investing abroad. The findings show positive spillovers through horizontal linkages and negative spillovers through forward and backward linkages. Additionally, the origin and destination of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) also play important roles.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaokai Song, Yu Jiang, Fang Cheng, Jacob Earnshaw, Jongbeom Na, Xiaopeng Li, Yusuke Yamauchi
Summary: This article introduces the recent progress of ZIF-derived HCAs, discussing their preparation strategy and categorizing the hollowing mechanisms. Additionally, the development prospects and challenges of HCAs in controlled synthesis and future electrochemical applications are further examined.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Jason Cong Lin
Summary: This paper explores the relationship between inward and outward patriotism in Chinese patriotic education and argues for a more nuanced understanding of patriotism. It provides background information on Chinese patriotic education and highlights the intrinsic nature of inward patriotism in Chinese education. It also mentions the increasing emphasis on outward patriotism in China. Finally, the paper proposes realizing the risks and potentials of both inward and outward patriotism and using balanced patriotism to accommodate diverse needs and make Chinese development more sustainable.
ASIA PACIFIC EDUCATION REVIEW
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ali Kishk, Maria Pires Pacheco, Tony Heurtaux, Lasse Sinkkonen, Jun Pang, Sabrina Fritah, Simone P. Niclou, Thomas Sauter
Summary: This review highlights the evolution of genome-scale models for neurodegenerative diseases and glioma, discussing the advantages and drawbacks of each approach and proposing improvements.
Article
Cell Biology
Andrea Csemer, Adrienn Kovacs, Baneen Maamrah, Krisztina Pocsai, Kristof Korpas, Almos Klekner, Peter Szucs, Peter P. Nanasi, Balazs Pal
Summary: This study used slice electrophysiology to provide evidence that slow inward currents (SICs) can elicit synaptic plasticity by activating extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. The age dependence of SICs and their impact on synaptic plasticity were investigated in both murine and human cortical slices. The findings showed that SICs can induce moderate synaptic plasticity similar to spike timing-dependent plasticity, with a clear decline in SIC activity with aging and complete disappearance above a certain age cutoff. In conclusion, SICs likely play an important role in age-dependent physiological and pathological alterations of synaptic plasticity.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chiara E. Scardoni, Cathie J. Clarke, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Richard A. Booth, Richard D. Alexander, Enrico Ragusa
Summary: Recent studies have shown that in the planet-dominated regime, the torques acting on planets are correlated with the depth of the gap carved by the planet in the disc. Live-planet simulations demonstrate that the excitation of planet eccentricity can break the direct dependence between migration rate and torques, an effect not captured by fixed-planet simulations. Furthermore, a torque reversal at a certain critical value of the gap depth parameter K may shape the planetary system architecture and impede the formation of hot Jupiters through Type II migration.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Changyao Song, Jamie M. Chen, Peter Nijkamp, Xinjian Li
Summary: Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from emerging economies in the hospitality industry, particularly the hotel sector, has been examined from the perspective of the home country using an inward FDI (IFDI) approach. Based on theories such as Dunning's eclectic paradigm/Ownership-Location-Internalization (OLI) theory and the Investment Development Path (IDP) theory, panel data and negative binomial regression were used to analyze the impact of IFDI on hotel OFDI in China. The results show that IFDI related to hotels contributes significantly to China's ownership advantage in hotel OFDI, and China's IFDI in the hotel industry has a positive and significant effect on its hotel OFDI, with international market proximity, economic development, and tourism development playing significant moderating roles.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steven A. Hill, Marissa Fu, A. Denise R. Garcia
Summary: Astrocytes are complex cells performing essential functions in the nervous system. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the molecular identity and functional properties of astrocytes, and is active in specific subpopulations of these cells throughout the brain.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)