Review
Immunology
Ying Luo, Sumei Zhang, Hua Shang, Weitong Cui, Qinglu Wang, Bin Zhu
Summary: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are susceptible to Clostridium difficile infection. A meta-analysis of relevant studies found an overall CDI prevalence of 13.2% in HSCT patients, with higher rates among allogeneic transplantation recipients compared to autologous HSCT recipients. The incidence rates of CDI varied worldwide, with North America having higher rates than Europe but no significant difference with Asia. PCR-diagnosed CDI had a significantly higher prevalence than enzyme immunoassay-diagnosed CDI. CDI was a common complication among HSCT recipients, with recurrence and severe cases observed.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tebelay Dilnessa, Alem Getaneh, Workagegnehu Hailu, Feleke Moges, Baye Gelaw
Summary: A high prevalence of C. difficile was observed among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the need for attention and prevention. The resistance of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin was lower compared to other antibiotics.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara Najafi, Arash Akahavan Rezayat, Seyyedeh Faezeh Beyzaei, Zahra Shahriari, Mahdieh Taheri Tabar, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Reza Mosaed, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Ramin Hamidi Farahani
Summary: This study provides a global review of the most prevalent infectious diseases observed after earthquakes. The results show an increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases after earthquakes. Governments should take essential measures to be better prepared for such unpredictable catastrophes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dong Youn Kim, Yu-Mi Lee, Ki-Ho Park, Young Jin Kim, Kyung-Chung Kang, Chang Kyun Lee, Mi Suk Lee
Summary: The study revealed that the incidence of hospital-acquired CDI among patients who underwent orthopedic surgery was 0.7%, with factors such as age, preoperative hospital stay, operating time, and antibiotic use associated with CDI. The impact of CDI on excess length of stay was more significant in patients over 65 years old and those with comorbidities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Claire Rennie, Ritin Fernandez, Sheila Donnelly, Kristine C. Y. McGrath
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that helminth infection may improve metabolic outcomes in human populations, with live infection with S. mansoni showing the most significant positive changes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gustavo Hernandez-Suarez, Debasish Saha, Kris Lodrono, Phatu Boonmahittisut, Stephanus Taniwijaya, Ashwini Saha, Selim Badur, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: Recent studies show that some countries in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand and Singapore, have very low hepatitis A virus (HAV) endemicity, while others like Indonesia and the Philippines show a shift towards low HAV endemicity. Several outbreaks of varying magnitudes in the region provide insights into the evolving epidemiology of HAV.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
N. Dong, Z. R. Li, P. Qin, C. X. Qiang, J. Yang, Y. N. Niu, X. R. Niu, X. X. Liu, W. G. Wang, B. J. Wen, Z. R. Ouyang, Y. L. Zhang, M. Zhao, J. Y. R. Li, J. H. Zhao
Summary: The study systematically reviewed the risk factors for CDI in children, including prior antibiotic exposure, prolonged hospitalization, history of hospitalization, etc., providing important evidence for the prevention of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea in children.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Kristin M. D'Silva, Raaj Mehta, Michael Mitchell, Todd C. Lee, Vibha Singhal, Marnie Goodwin Wilson, Emily G. McDonald
Summary: This study found significantly higher odds of recurrent CDI among users of PPIs, which were supported by multiple sensitivity analyses. Therefore, stronger recommendations for PPI stewardship at CDI diagnosis were concluded.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianfeng Dai, Jing Gong, Rui Guo
Summary: This study compared the treatment outcomes of fidaxomicin and vancomycin/metronidazole regimens in CDI patients, showing no significant differences in terms of clinical cure, sustained cure, recurrence, and all-cause mortality, but a higher risk of treatment failure in CDI patients receiving fidaxomicin.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Olivia Cords, Leonardo Martinez, Joshua L. Warren, Jamieson Michael O'Marr, Katharine S. Walter, Ted Cohen, Jimmy Zheng, Albert Ko, Julio Croda, Jason R. Andrews
Summary: Prisons are high-risk environments for tuberculosis, with significant disparities in the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations across regions. People in prison are at elevated risk of contracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and developing tuberculosis compared to the general population.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Liping Yang, Wenrui Li, Xianzhuo Zhang, Jinhui Tian, Xiaojia Ma, Lulu Han, Huaping Wei, Wenbo Meng
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of different types of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of RCDAD. The results showed that fresh fecal bacteria were the best treatment option, while frozen and lyophilized fecal bacteria had similar effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation is a promising approach for clinical and commercial application.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Review
Anesthesiology
Hannah E. Braithwaite, Thomas Payne, Nicholas Duce, Jessica Lim, Tim Mcculloch, John Loadsman, Kate Leslie, Angela C. Webster, Amy Gaskell, Robert D. Sanders
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the dose ranges and intraoperative consciousness in females and males. It found that females had a higher incidence of postoperative awareness and intraoperative connected consciousness, as well as a faster emergence from anaesthesia compared to males. These findings suggest the need for reevaluation of drug dosing for females and males in anaesthetic care.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bharati D. Kochar, Winston Cai, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: This study found that treatment response is a key factor in determining post-treatment frailty in IBD patients. Pre-treatment frailty and prior IBD-related hospitalization were independently predictive of higher likelihood of post-treatment frailty. Effective treatment of inflammatory states in older patients with IBD may improve frailty.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexa N. Sasson, Gabriel Sheehan, Amy Yu, Akshita Gupta, Kelly Ling, Bharati Kochar, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: Continued endoscopic surveillance may have a low yield in patients aged 75 or above with long-standing UC who do not have prior dysplasia.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexa N. Sasson, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: This study suggests that patients with high titers of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab are as likely to respond to adalimumab therapy as those with low titers, indicating that high titers of antibodies are not predictive of treatment failure.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin Casey, Emily W. Lopes, Blake Niccum, Kristin Burke, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Paul Lochhead, James M. Richter, Andrew T. Chan, Hamed Khalili
Summary: A prospective study of over 230,000 participants found no significant association between alcohol consumption and risk of CD or UC. Only moderate consumption of beer was marginally associated with reduced risk of CD, while higher consumption of liquor was associated with an increased risk of UC. Further investigation into the relationship between alcohol types and risk of CD and UC is warranted.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bharati D. Kochar, David Cheng, Tianxi Cai, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: This retrospective cohort study using a US claims database found that tofacitinib, used to treat IBD, did not increase the risk of adverse thrombotic events compared to anti-TNF therapy.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Saranya Sasidharan, Alexa N. Sasson, Kevin M. Shannon, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: This study assessed the predictive efficacy of fecal calprotectin in identifying the need for medical or surgical therapy in patients with acute severe colitis. The results demonstrated that patients with higher fecal calprotectin levels were more likely to require in-hospital medical rescue therapy or surgery. This predictive marker has the potential to facilitate earlier therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katherine Falloon, Benjamin Cohen, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Edward L. Barnes, Abhik Bhattacharya, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Raymond K. Cross, Marcia S. Driscoll, Anthony P. Fernandez, Christina Ha, Hans Herfarth, Sara Horst, Jason Hou, M. Elaine Husni, Daniela Kroshinsky, Kristine A. Kuhn, Careen Y. Lowder, George Martin, Deep Parikh, Christopher J. Sayed, Lisa Schocket, Bernadette C. Siaton, Priyanka Vedak, Michael H. Weisman, Florian Rieder
Summary: An interdisciplinary expert panel developed consensus criteria for diagnosing and monitoring five EIMs, providing guidance for clinical practice and future trial design. Key findings include straightforward diagnostic criteria, appropriate specialists for diagnosis, and monitoring options that include patient and physician-reported outcomes. These criteria will be used to optimize the management of EIMs in a national multicenter study network.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emily W. Lopes, Simon S. M. Chan, Mingyang Song, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Niclas Hakansson, Paul Lochhead, Allan Clark, Kristin E. Burke, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Amanda J. Cross, Domenico Palli, Manuela M. Bergmann, James M. Richter, Andrew T. Chan, Ola Olen, Alicja Wolk, Hamed Khalili
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that could be prevented by modifiable lifestyle factors. Using several cohorts in the US and Europe, the researchers created modifiable risk scores and healthy lifestyle scores, and found that a significant number of CD and UC cases could be prevented through lifestyle modification.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leo Boneschansker, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Raj Desai, Wan-Ju Lee, Jenny Griffith, Naijun Chen, Edward Loftus
Summary: This retrospective study examined the impact of fatigue on healthcare costs for newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study found that patients with fatigue had significantly higher healthcare resource utilization, hospitalization rates, and direct healthcare costs compared to those without fatigue.
CROHNS & COLITIS 360
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katherine M. Williams, Prasanna K. Challa, Emily W. Lopes, Kristin E. Burke, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, James M. Richter, Andrew T. Chan, Hamed Khalili
Summary: In two large prospective cohort studies, there was no observed association between periodontal disease and tooth loss and the risk of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qi Yan Ang, Damian Plichta, Sean Kim, Iris Hyun-A Kim, Sadie Gregory, Yan Xia, Helena Lau, Ramnik Xavier, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: This study identified both common and differential effects of smoking on Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dysfunction of Paneth cells may mediate the adverse impact of smoking on CD, while bile acid and oxidative stress pathways may be relevant for the differential effect of smoking on CD and UC.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are common global diseases. Limited data is available to determine the relative positioning of different therapies. This review summarizes existing literature on the use of clinical decision models to compare and evaluate the relative efficacy of various therapeutic mechanisms based on individual patient characteristics. It also highlights the significance of serologic, transcriptomic, and microbiome-based biomarkers in determining the most suitable therapy for individual patients.
INTESTINAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bharati Kochar, Ariela R. Orkaby, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Christine S. Ritchie
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising number of cases in older adults; older adults with IBD have poorer disease outcomes compared to younger adults; frailty is a geriatric construct that may reflect biologic age and increased vulnerability to decline across multiple physiologic systems.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)