Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jerod M. Rasmussen, Jetro J. Tuulari, Saara Nolvi, Paul M. Thompson, Harri Merisaari, Maria Lavonius, Linnea Karlsson, Sonja Entringer, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Hasse Karlsson, Claudia Buss
Summary: Using an international dataset, researchers found a link between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and the development of fetal hypothalamus in newborns. These findings can contribute to future prevention strategies for childhood obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joanne E. Sordillo, Frederique White, Sana Majid, Francois Aguet, Kristin G. Ardlie, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Jose C. Florez, Camille E. Powe, Andrea G. Edlow, Luigi Bouchard, Pierre-Etienne Jacques, Marie-France Hivert
Summary: This study found a link between elevated body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy and changes in placental gene expression, potentially explaining the impact of BMI on adverse outcomes for both mothers and fetuses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
April Rees, Oliver Richards, Anastasia Allen-Kormylo, Nicholas Jones, Catherine A. Thornton
Summary: This paper explores the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on the immune profile of GDM-negative pregnant women. It finds that maternal obesity creates an inflammatory microenvironment and alters the immune response, which may have negative effects on pregnancy.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Penny Lam, Brendan J. Mein, Ronald J. Benzie, John T. Ormerod, Kristy P. Robledo, Emily J. Hibbert, Ralph K. Nanan
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of maternal diabetes mellitus and body mass index on central and peripheral fat accrual in large for gestational age offspring. The results showed that diabetes mellitus was associated with increased abdominal and mid-thigh fat accumulation in fetuses, independent of BMI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kuldeep Shrivastava, Thaarini Swaminathan, Alessandro Barlotta, Vikshar Athreya, Hassan Choudhry, Mark A. Rossi
Summary: Maternal overnutrition during gestation and lactation leads to increased body weight in offspring, which normalizes after weaning but predisposes them to diet-induced obesity in adulthood. This is associated with altered synaptic strength in an extended amygdala-lateral hypothalamic pathway, which is influenced by developmental growth rate.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathrine Thibeault, Cecilia Legare, Veronique Desgagne, Frederique White, Andree-Anne Clement, Michelle S. Scott, Pierre-Etienne Jacques, Renee Guerin, Patrice Perron, Marie-France Hivert, Luigi Bouchard
Summary: This study aimed to identify first trimester plasmatic miRNAs associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy. The results showed that 38 miRNAs were associated with BMI, and 22 of them were replicated in two independent cohorts. Some of these miRNAs were enriched in fatty acid metabolism-related pathways, supporting their potential contribution to energy metabolism regulation in early pregnancy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kirtan Kaur, Corina Lesseur, Maya A. Deyssenroth, Itai Kloog, Joel D. Schwartz, Carmen J. Marsit, Jia Chen
Summary: Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy may alter placental gene expression related to lipid and glucose metabolism. The effects may vary depending on the sex of the fetus. Further research is needed to understand the long-term programming effects of gestational PM2.5 exposure on postnatal metabolic health.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dimitrios Papandreou, Maria Mantzorou, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Eleni Pavlidou, Georgios Antasouras, Evmorfia Psara, Efthymios Poulios, Georgios K. Vasios, Constantinos Giaginis
Summary: The rates of overweight and obesity are high among women of childbearing age in Greece, highlighting the urgent need for healthy lifestyle promotion and targeted obesity prevention and intervention schemes among this population.
Article
Biology
Nora Fernandez-Jimenez, Ruby Fore, Ariadna Cilleros-Portet, Johanna Lepeule, Patrice Perron, Tuomas Kvist, Fu-Ying Tian, Corina Lesseur, Alexandra M. Binder, Manuel Lozano, Jordi Martorell-Marugan, Yuk J. Loke, Kelly M. Bakulski, Yihui Zhu, Anne Forhan, Sara Sammallahti, Todd M. Everson, Jia Chen, Karin B. Michels, Thalia Belmonte, Pedro Carmona-Saez, Jane Halliday, M. Daniele Fallin, Janine M. LaSalle, Jorg Tost, Darina Czamara, Mariana F. Fernandez, Antonio Gomez-Martin, Jeffrey M. Craig, Beatriz Gonzalez-Alzaga, Rebecca J. Schmidt, John F. Dou, Evelyne Muggli, Marina Lacasana, Martine Vrijheid, Carmen J. Marsit, Margaret R. Karagas, Katri Raikkonen, Luigi Bouchard, Barbara Heude, Loreto Santa-Marina, Mariona Bustamante, Marie-France Hivert, Jose Ramon Bilbao
Summary: This study investigates the association between pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (ppBMI) and placental DNA methylation. The research identifies 27 CpG sites that are associated with ppBMI, which are located in open sea regions and are related to obesity-related genes and cancer and oxidative stress pathways.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sanjay Basak, Ranjit K. Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy
Summary: Obesity in pregnancy has various effects on fetal neurodevelopment, such as disturbing the transport of essential long-chain PUFAs for brain development and altering the maternal gut microbiota, which further affects fetal brain development.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew D. Jones, Zhen Shi, Nathalie J. Lambrecht, Yaping Jiang, Jingmin Wang, Margit Burmeister, Ming Li, Betsy Lozoff
Summary: This study found that both pregnant women and neonates' hepcidin levels were responsive to iron status. Maternal prepregnancy overweight status was associated with lower cord blood hepcidin concentrations, likely due to lower iron status among the infants born to these mothers.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nobuyuki Kidera, Tomonori Ishikawa, Toshihiro Kawamura, Naoyuki Miyasaka
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. The results showed that BMI did not significantly affect fertilization rate, blastocyst formation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, or live birth rate. Therefore, weight guidance should be provided to obese women at the start of infertility treatment, but treatment should not be delayed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olaf Uhl, Rohan M. Lewis, Birgit Hirschmugl, Sarah Crozier, Hazel Inskip, Antonio Gazquez, Nicholas C. Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Gernot Desoye, Berthold Koletzko, Christian Wadsack, Hans Demmelmair, Keith M. Godfrey
Summary: The study found specific differences in polar-lipid composition and related gene expression in placentas of different sizes. These differences in lipid composition were associated with birth weight and neonatal lean mass, indicating that placental lipid composition may influence prenatal lean mass accretion.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah M. Kedziora, Benedikt Obermayer, Meryam Sugulle, Florian Herse, Kristin Kraeker, Nadine Haase, Immaculate M. Langmia, Dominik N. Muller, Anne Cathrine Staff, Dieter Beule, Ralf Dechend
Summary: The placenta is a temporary organ with a unique structure and function to ensure healthy fetal development. Placental dysfunction caused by diabetes affects placental metabolism, inflammation, and weight, but the main driver of gene expression differences in the placenta is fetal sex.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ellen C. Francis, Dana Dabelea, Kristen E. Boyle, Thomas Jansson, Wei Perng
Summary: Maternal diet quality has sex-specific associations with placental protein abundance and phosphorylation. These proteins are also correlated with neonatal anthropometry, providing insight into potential links between maternal diet and offspring metabolic health for future studies.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Abel Plaza-Florido, Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon, Signe Altmae, Francisco B. Ortega, Irene Esteban-Cornejo
Summary: Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and brain health impairments. This study aimed to compare protein levels related to brain health and cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese children. The study found differential expression of 16 proteins between fit and unfit children with overweight/obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giulia Fiore, Martina Chiara Pascuzzi, Elisabetta Di Profio, Antonio Corsello, Marta Agostinelli, Alice La Mendola, Chiara Milanta, Cristina Campoy, Valeria Calcaterra, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Elvira Verduci
Summary: Obesity is a common chronic disease in children worldwide and has a significant burden on society. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) can occur in children from an early age, and new therapeutic strategies are being investigated. This review focuses on bioactive compounds and their potential benefits in treating obesity, including omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, biotics, polysaccharide macromolecules, polyphenols, inositols, alpha lipoic acid, and bromelaine. The review highlights the most studied compounds, such as omega-3 and vitamin D, and explores the emerging interest in the gut-brain axis and its connection to metabolic health and microbiota. However, more research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and dosage requirements, especially in pediatric patients.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Cristina Campoy, Rosaura Leis
ANALES DE PEDIATRIA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Antonio Garcia-Santos, Ana Nieto-Ruiz, Maria Garcia-Ricobaraza, Tomas Cerdo, Cristina Campoy
Summary: Despite the lack of knowledge about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) in infants and children, recent advances in probiotics have opened up the potential for their use as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against these disorders. However, there is controversy and a lack of consensus regarding the use of probiotics, as well as limited comparative studies on their efficacy. This review aims to evaluate current studies on the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of common GIDs in the pediatric population, as well as discussing major action pathways and safety recommendations proposed by pediatric health agencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Antonio Corsello, Chiara Maria Trovato, Elisabetta Di Profio, Sabrina Cardile, Cristina Campoy, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Elvira Verduci, Antonella Diamanti
Summary: The ketogenic diet has been increasingly used for weight loss among adolescents and young adults due to its supposed effects on lipolysis and insulin levels. However, there is still a lack of clear indications on its use for weight loss in pediatric age. It has also been proposed for other disorders like inherited metabolic disorders, Prader-Willi syndrome, and certain types of cancers. A clinical evaluation of possible side effects, growth, and nutritional status is essential for patients following a long-term restrictive diet like the ketogenic one.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Signe Altma, Alberto Sola-Leyva, Andres Salumets
Summary: ChatGPT, a generative pre-trained transformer, is a chatbot that can be a powerful tool in scientific writing. It is a large language model trained to mimic the statistical patterns of language in human-generated text. ChatGPT can assist scientists with material organization, draft creation, and proofreading, making it valuable in research and publishing.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Estefania Dieguez, Ana Nieto-Ruiz, Natalia Sepulveda-Valbuena, Florian Herrmann, Ahmad Agil, Roser De-Castellar, Jesus Jimenez, Hatim Azaryah, Jose Antonio Garcia-Santos, Mercedes Garcia-Bermudez, Cristina Campoy
Summary: There is limited evidence on the early nutrition programming of glucose homeostasis in children. This study found that breastfeeding and normal/slow weight gain in the first 6 months of life appear to protect against dysregulation of glucose homeostasis at 6 years old. The experimental formula showed functional similarities to breastfeeding in terms of children's glucose variability.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jill Marie Ferry, Rafael Galera-Martinez, Cristina Campoy, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Elzbieta Jarocka-Cyrta, Jaroslaw Walkowiak, Bartosz Romanczuk, Joaquin Escribano, Mariona Gispert, Paula Grattarola, Dariusz Gruszfeld, Iris Iglesia, Veit Grote, Hans Demmelmair, Uschi Handel, Sophie Gallier, Berthold Koletzko
Summary: This study aims to compare the effect of formula based on whole goat milk with formula based on cow milk in preventing atopic dermatitis. It will enroll 2296 healthy term-born infants and randomize them into two groups to be fed with either goat milk formula or cow milk formula. The study will observe the cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis and other indicators within 12 months.
Article
Pediatrics
Ana Nieto-Ruiz, Tomas Cerdo, Belen Jordano, Francisco J. Torres-Espinola, Mireia Escudero-Marin, Maria Garcia-Ricobaraza, Mercedes G. Bermudez, Jose A. Garcia-Santos, Antonio Suarez, Cristina Campoy
Summary: It is found that maternal overweight, obesity, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy may affect the behavior of children. The study analyzed the behavior of children at 3.5 years old and the gut microbiota established at 18 months old. The results showed that children born to overweight/obese mothers had higher scores in behavioral problems, and those born to obese mothers with gestational diabetes had even higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems. The composition of the gut microbiota was also associated with behavioral problems in children.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
R. Asaad Baksh, Sarah E. Pape, Li F. Chan, Aisha A. Aslam, Martin C. Gulliford, Andre Strydom
Summary: This study comprehensively estimated the risk of multiple morbidity across the lifespan in people with Down syndrome and identified syndrome-specific health conditions. The results showed that people with Down syndrome had an increased risk of dementia, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, and haematological malignancy, while asthma, cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and hypertension were less frequent. Compared to people with other intellectual disabilities, people with Down syndrome had higher risks of dementia, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnoea, and haematological malignancy, with reduced rates for a third of conditions. The morbidities in Down syndrome could be categorized based on age-related incidence trajectories and clustered into typical syndromic conditions, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and mental health conditions.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Signe Altmae, Abel Plaza-Florido, Francisco J. Esteban, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Kaarel Krjutskov, Shintaro Katayama, Elisabet Einarsdottir, Juha Kere, Shlomit Radom-Aizik, Francisco B. Ortega
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a 20-week exercise intervention on the whole-blood transcriptome profile in children with overweight/obesity. The results show that the exercise program alters the molecular pathways involved in immune processes in these children. Different genes and pathways were found to be enriched in boys and girls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meriem Ouni, Fabian Eichelmann, Markus Jaehnert, Christin Krause, Sophie Saussenthaler, Christiane Ott, Pascal Gottmann, Thilo Speckmann, Peter Huypens, Stefan Wolter, Oliver Mann, Martin Hrabe De Angelis, Johannes Beckers, Henriette Kirchner, Matthias B. Schulze, Annette Schuermann
Summary: Better disease management can be achieved by identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers that determine the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) at an early stage. This study found that differences in gene expression and DNA methylation in the liver could be used as potential biomarkers for T2D. The downregulation of the HAMP gene, associated with elevated DNA methylation, was identified as a potential early marker for T2D.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Bich Ngoc Bui, Arif Ibrahim Ardisasmita, Ewart Kuijk, Signe Altmae, Gaby Steba, Shari Mackens, Sabine Fuchs, Frank Broekmans, Edward Nieuwenhuis
Summary: Infertility is a complex condition with molecular and cellular changes that need to be studied further. Recent advancements in sequencing technology and single-cell analysis offer opportunities to better understand these changes. The endometrium may play a role in infertility, but the lack of consistency among studies hampers the identification of relevant pathways. By sequencing the endometrial transcriptome at the single-cell level, molecular signatures can be consistently identified, aiding in the identification of deviations in infertile patients.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Fiore, Serena Scapaticci, Costanza R. Neri, Hatim Azaryah, Mireia Escudero-Marin, Martina C. Pascuzzi, Alice La Mendola, Chiara Mameli, Francesco Chiarelli, Cristina Campoy, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Elvira Verduci
Summary: The study found that the dietary habits of children and adolescents are associated with overweight/obesity and metabolic abnormalities. Eating breakfast daily can reduce the risk of overweight/obesity, while irregular breakfast consumption increases the risk of abdominal obesity. In addition, a higher frequency of meals is associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity. Dietary habits and food timing may also affect pediatric metabolic health, but there is limited research in this area.