Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlson Tsui, Lorenz Kretschmer, Svenja Rapelius, Sarah S. Gabriel, David Chisanga, Konrad Knoepper, Daniel T. Utzschneider, Simone Nuessing, Yang Liao, Teisha Mason, Santiago Valle Torres, Stephen A. Wilcox, Krystian Kanev, Sebastian Jarosch, Justin Leube, Stephen L. Nutt, Dietmar Zehn, Ian A. Parish, Wolfgang Kastenmueller, Wei Shi, Veit R. Buchholz, Axel Kallies
Summary: This study reveals that CD62L(+) T-PEX cells, maintained by the transcription factor MYB, play a crucial role in maintaining the proliferative potential, multipotency, and repopulation capacity of exhausted T cells during chronic infection, thus contributing to long-term antiviral immunity and responsiveness to immunotherapy.
Article
Dermatology
Jianhe Huang, Douglas Ralph, Federica Boraldi, Daniela Quaglino, Jouni Uitto, Qiaoli Li
Summary: The DNA damage response (DDR) and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) pathways are involved in the ectopic calcification in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Inhibition of PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and minocycline treatment can reduce calcification. These findings suggest that local DDR/PAR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of PXE and its inhibition may be a promising treatment strategy for ectopic calcification in PXE.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Grace Oh, Annie Wang, Lidong Wang, Jiufeng Li, Gregor Werba, Daniel Weissinger, Ende Zhao, Surajit Dhara, Rosmel E. Hernandez, Amanda Ackermann, Sarina Porcella, Despoina Kalfakakou, Igor Dolgalev, Emily Kawaler, Talia Golan, Theodore H. Welling, Agnel Sfeir, Diane M. Simeone
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with specific vulnerabilities to certain therapies. Inactivation of the HR pathway and overexpression of POLQ are associated with PDAC. Knockdown of POLQ enhances tumor immune infiltration and can be used as a synthetic lethal approach to inhibit tumor growth.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
J. Leonel Rocha, Sonia Carvalho, Beatriz Coimbra, Ines Henriques, Juliana Pereira
Summary: This paper focuses on the study of the linear threshold model in random networks, specifically in Erdos-Renyi networks. The theoretical procedure for the linear threshold model is presented based on the expected value for the node degree and the associated influence activation mapping. The dynamics of the influence maximization process are analyzed using various centrality measures for seed set selection and state conditions for triggering the procedure. The relationship between activation threshold and topological entropy is also examined.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick G. Bissett, Henry M. Jones, Russell A. Poldrack, Gordon D. Logan
Summary: The stop-signal paradigm, based on race models, shows severe violations of the independence assumption at short stop-signal delays (SSDs) across various conditions. Existing data may need to be reanalyzed, and adjustments to models are necessary to accommodate this finding.
Article
Cell Biology
Yahyah Amen, Annmary Paul, Nikolao Tataridas-Pallas, Rhianna Williams, Rachel Wellman, Hannah Chapman, John Labbadia
Summary: The research shows that reducing the activity of a mitochondrial protein can suppress age-related proteostasis collapse in Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating a potential way to maintain protein integrity in aging cells.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuee Tang, Shuxing Chen, Junbing Huang
Summary: The study suggests that green R&D activities are instrumental in reducing SO2 intensity, but different green R&D activities have distinct economic consequences. Regional differences and technology's adsorptive ability play significant roles in determining the effects of green R&D activities on SO2 intensity.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. M. Schonhoff, D. A. Figge, G. P. Williams, A. Jurkuvenaite, N. J. Gallups, G. M. Childers, J. M. Webster, D. G. Standaert, J. E. Goldman, A. S. Harms
Summary: Neuroinflammatory mechanisms are involved in Parkinson disease. We identified border-associated macrophages (BAMs) as crucial for the α-synuclein-mediated neuroinflammatory response through class II antigen presentation and T cell infiltration. Our findings highlight the role of BAMs in mediating the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Valentin Koob, Rolf Ulrich, Markus Janczyk
Summary: In dual-task experiments, the response characteristics of Task 2 could influence not only its own performance but also that of Task 1. Little is known about the time course of Task 2 response activation and the transmission mechanisms. This study tested 10 plausible drift-diffusion models with 5 data sets and found that Task 2 response activation follows a pulse-like pattern and its influence on subsequent Task 2 response selection is best explained by a model with a trace of the previous Task 1 response.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Joungha Won, Yuriy Pankratov, Minwoo Wendy Jang, Sunpil Kim, Yeon Ha Ju, Sangkyu Lee, Seung Eun Lee, Arie Kim, Soowon Park, C. Justin Lee, Won Do Heo
Summary: Spatiotemporal control of brain activity can be achieved using Opto-vTrap, which is a light-inducible and reversible system that temporarily inhibits the release of neurotransmitters. Opto-vTrap significantly reduces synaptic and gliotransmission, leading to inhibition of hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval.
Article
Toxicology
Samantha Christine Sernoskie, Alexandra R. Lobach, Ryuji Kato, Alison Jee, Joseph Kyle Weston, Jack Uetrecht
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the role of inflammasome activation during the early immune response to clozapine. The results indicate that clozapine can trigger inflammasome-dependent IL-1 beta production, and inhibition of inflammasome signaling can attenuate this inflammatory response. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism by which clozapine induces the risk of IDIAG.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arthur Neuberger, Mai Oda, Yury A. Nikolaev, Kirill D. Nadezhdin, Elena O. Gracheva, Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev, Alexander I. Sobolevsky
Summary: Small molecules targeting transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have the potential to control pain. This study reports the cryo-EM structures of human TRPV1 in the absence of ligands or in the presence of the TRPV1-specific antagonist SB-366791, providing insights for the design of new promising analgesic drugs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qiuya Li, Dianli Zhao
Summary: This paper aims to study the long-time dynamic of a stochastic microorganism flocculation model with Monod response functionals. The influence of flocculant on the output of a chemostat is investigated.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shangzhi Li, Shangjiang Guo
Summary: A new method is introduced to analyze the stochastic permanence and extinction of a stochastic predator-prey model with a general functional response. The study investigates the existence of a stationary distribution and the impact of white noises on the predator and prey populations. Numerical simulations show that appropriate intensities of white noises can lead to population fluctuations, while too large intensities may cause extinction.
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel Unicomb, Gerardo Iniguez, James P. Gleeson, Marton Karsai
Summary: Burstiness is crucial for information diffusion, but there is a lack of analytical framework to capture its effect. This study introduces a master equation formalism to investigate cascades on temporal networks and reveals that the skewness of different interevent time distributions can impact spreading times.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mana Biabani, Alex Fornito, James P. Coxon, Ben D. Fulcher, Nigel C. Rogasch
Summary: TMS measures of motor cortex excitability using EMG and EEG are affected differently by sensory confounds over time points. In the frequency domain, local high-frequency oscillations in EEG recordings show strong correlations with EMG measures of cortical excitability. Despite sensory artefacts, both measures share a response component, suggesting they index a similar cortical activity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua Hendrikse, Yann Chye, Sarah Thompson, Nigel C. Rogasch, Chao Suo, James P. Coxon, Murat Yucel
Summary: Regular exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with improved hippocampal structure and function in young to middle-aged adults. Individuals engaging in high levels of exercise showed increased N-acetyl-aspartate concentration and associative memory performance. However, no differences in hippocampal volume or pattern separation capacity were observed between groups. Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with hippocampal volume and N-acetyl-aspartate concentration, but not with associative memory or pattern separation tasks. These findings suggest that exercise may provide a low-risk, effective method of improving hippocampal integrity in early-to-mid-life stages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie C. Andrews, Dylan Curtin, James P. Coxon, Julie C. Stout
Summary: The effects of exercise on neuroplasticity in people with Huntington's disease are found to be attenuated, indicating the need for further research in this area.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Neuroimaging
Suzan Maleki, Joshua Hendrikse, Yann Chye, Karen Caeyenberghs, James P. Coxon, Stuart Oldham, Chao Suo, Murat Yucel
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of studies that investigated the relationship between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise (PACE) and white matter (WM) in healthy adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The findings reveal positive associations between PACE and global WM volume, WM anomalies, and local microstructure integrity. Higher levels of PACE are associated with improved WM volume and integrity. These findings have important implications for understanding and preserving WM across the lifespan.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robin F. H. Cash, Joshua Hendrikse, Kavisha B. Fernando, Sarah Thompson, Chao Suo, Alex Fornito, Murat Yucel, Nigel C. Rogasch, Andrew Zalesky, James P. Coxon
Summary: The relationship between individualized stimulation targets and memory performance may be related to individual differences in brain connectivity. Personalization methodologies can help overcome noise inherent across independent scanners and cohorts.
Article
Neurosciences
Huw Jarvis, Isabelle Stevenson, Amy Q. Huynh, Emily Babbage, James Coxon, Trevor T. -J. Chong
Summary: Recent research suggests that the act of investing effort may influence learning. This study tested whether effort modulates teaching signals in a reinforcement learning paradigm. The results showed that effort resulted in more efficient learning from positive outcomes and less efficient learning from negative outcomes. Interestingly, this effect varied across individuals and was more pronounced in those who were more averse to investing effort in the first place. These findings highlight the importance of motivational factors in a common framework of reward-based learning, integrating the computational principles of reinforcement learning with those of value-based decision-making.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mindaugas Jurgelis, Johanna M. Boardman, James P. Coxon, Sean P. A. Drummond, Trevor T. J. Chong
Summary: This study investigated the effects of sleep restriction on motivation to invest cognitive or physical effort. The results showed that sleep restriction reduced the willingness to exert cognitive effort, but spared motivation in the physical domain. This finding has important implications for real-world settings where maintaining high levels of cognitive motivation is necessary in the face of chronic sleep loss.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dylan Curtin, Eleanor M. Taylor, Mark A. Bellgrove, Trevor T. -J. Chong, James P. Coxon
Summary: This study found that a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist can eliminate the changes in excitatory and inhibitory cortical activity induced by exercise, which has important implications for prescribing exercise in dopaminergic dysfunction diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Alison Hall, Matthew Weightman, Ned Jenkinson, Hayley J. J. MacDonald
Summary: This study investigated the role of dopamine gene profiling and individual task performance in explaining the severity of impulse control behaviors (ICBs) in Parkinson's disease patients. It found that patients on dopamine agonist medication who exhibited greater impulsive choice and longer treatment history had increased severity of ICBs. However, the dopamine genetic risk score (DGRS) was not predictive of ICB severity.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Lysea Haggie, Laura Schmid, Oliver Roehrle, Thor Besier, Angus McMorland, Harnoor Saini
Summary: Computational models of the neuromusculoskeletal system provide a deterministic approach to investigate input-output relationships in the human motor system. However, most models do not incorporate models of the brain, which is where many movement pathologies originate. Integrated corticomuscular pathway models have applications in brain-machine-interaction, education, and our understanding of neurological disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sophie C. Andrews, Lydia Kampf, Dylan Curtin, Mark Hinder, Nicole Wenderoth, Julie C. Stout, James P. Coxon
Summary: This study found that a single bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise can improve motor skill learning in individuals with HD gene-expansion, particularly in terms of accuracy. However, further research is needed to explore the potential neurocognitive and functional benefits of exercise for individuals with HD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dylan Curtin, Claire J. Cadwallader, Eleanor M. Taylor, Sophie C. Andrews, Julie C. Stout, Joshua J. Hendrikse, Trevor T. J. Chong, James P. Coxon
Summary: Cardiorespiratory exercise has been shown to modulate motor cortical plasticity in young adults, but its effects on ageing adults are unknown. This study found that a single session of cardiorespiratory exercise increased excitatory activity and reduced inhibitory activity in the primary motor cortex of both young and older adults. However, older adults showed a decreased plasticity response to intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) following exercise compared to younger adults. These findings suggest that the capacity for cortical plasticity declines with age.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Mathieu Lemire, Claire Morrison, Michael Mooney, Peter Ryabinin, Nicole M. Roslin, Molly Nikolas, James Coxon, Jeggan Tiego, Ziarih Hawi, Alex Fornito, Walter Henrik, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Hugh Garavan, Joel Nigg, Naomi P. Friedman, Christie Burton, Russell Schachar, Jennifer Crosbie, Mark A. Bellgrove
Summary: Deficits in effective executive function are associated with psychiatric disorders and impact everyday functioning. The genetic architecture of these traits is not well understood. This study identified genetic influences on inhibitory control using a genome wide association study, but larger sample sizes are needed for more robust associations. The results also support the use of executive function measures as endophenotypes for neuropsychiatric disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Jason L. He, Rebecca J. Hirst, Rohan Puri, James Coxon, Winston Byblow, Mark Hinder, Patrick Skippen, Dora Matzke, Andrew Heathcote, Corey G. Wadsley, Tim Silk, Christian Hyde, Dinisha Parmar, Ernest Pedapati, Donald L. Gilbert, David A. Huddleston, Stewart Mostofsky, Inge Leunissen, Hayley J. MacDonald, Nahian S. Chowdhury, Matthew Gretton, Tess Nikitenko, Bram Zandbelt, Luke Strickland, Nicolaas A. J. Puts
Summary: The stop-signal paradigm is commonly used in research on inhibitory control, with the most popular version being the 'choice-reaction' task and an alternative being the 'anticipated response inhibition' task. While the latter is gaining popularity and has some advantages, there are currently no openly available versions of it.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2022)