Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Evangelos E. Pompodakis, Georgios C. Kryonidis, Minas C. Alexiadis
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive model of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) transformers that connects a 3-wire medium voltage (MV) network with a 4-wire multigrounded low voltage (LV) network. The proposed model has been validated in a 4-Bus network and its performance tested in the IEEE 8500-Node and IEEE 906-Bus test networks. The model allows for the inclusion of both MV and LV networks in a single YBUS matrix without the need for refactoring during tap changes.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin Kunze, Ahmad S. Khalil
Summary: A synthetic gene circuit allows for the programming of multiple stable states in mammalian cells.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna M. Melnychenko, Robert Kudrawiec
Summary: The development of novel methods for producing transparent electrodes is important for their widespread applications. In this study, a technique for manufacturing semitransparent silver electrodes is presented, which involves cracking a polymer layer with the presence of a colloidal nanodispersion of zinc oxide. The resulting electrodes have high transparency and low resistivity, and the presence of unique patterns suggests potential applications in coding, security, and antiplagiarism protection.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Evan T. Woods
Summary: The author argues that there are more ordinary objects than we think, and proposes a solution using the concept of many-one identity, suggesting that many things resembling a cat are collectively identical to a single cat.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan Birnkammer, Alvise Bastianello, Michael Knap
Summary: This study investigates the thermalization dynamics after a quantum quench in confined systems and finds that it exhibits multiple stages. Taking the confined Ising spin chain as an example, bound states resembling mesons are formed. The system first reaches a prethermal state related to the number of conserved mesons, and then achieves true thermal equilibrium at much later times.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiao-Lei Huo, Chen-Chen Zhu, Qing-Wen Zhou, Ning Bao
Summary: This paper aims to prepare disposable three-dimensional carbon electrodes using low-cost stainless steel wire mesh as templates, in order to improve their analytical performance. The results showed that the sensitivity and electrochemical response of the three-dimensional carbon electrodes were higher than those of the two-dimensional carbon electrodes, which could be attributed to the increased electrochemical effective area.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jonathan A. Gross, Carlton M. Caves
Summary: It is challenging to establish achievable sensitivity bounds for quantum multiparameter estimation. In a special case where many parameters of a process are unknown, estimating a specific linear combination of these parameters without control is superficially similar to single-parameter estimation but retains genuinely multiparameter aspects. Geometric reasoning demonstrates the necessary and sufficient conditions for saturating the fundamental and attainable quantum-process bound in this context.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Eleanor M. L. Scerri
Summary: A new genetic study strongly supports the theory that our species evolved from interbreeding between ancestral populations in various regions of Africa.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaotong Jiang, Dantong Liu, Qian Li, Ping Tian, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Kang Hu, Shuo Ding, Kai Bi, Ruijie Li, Mengyu Huang, Deping Ding, Qingcai Chen, Shaofei Kong, Weijun Li, Yu Pang, Ding He
Summary: This study fractionated ambient organic aerosols (OA) from an urban environment according to polarity and found that high-polar compounds had a significantly higher oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) compared to low-polar compounds. The presence of nitrogen-containing functional groups was found to enhance the absorptivity of low-polar compounds, while further oxidation of high-polar compounds likely led to bleaching and fragmentation of chromophores.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Transportation
Maryam Khabazi, Isabelle Nilsson
Summary: The study found that after the opening of the LRT line in Charlotte, North Carolina, commuting distance decreased for higher-wage workers but increased for lower-wage workers. However, low- and medium-wage workers in LRT accessible neighborhoods did not experience significant improvement in spatial separation between their work place and residence.
TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yik-Kin Cheung, Hongyu Yu
Summary: This paper presents the principle, design, fabrication, and characterization of a Molecular Electronic Transducer (MET) dual-axis tilt sensor. The proposed sensor, with 3D-printed cylindrical channel, four double-band electrodes, and liquid electrolyte, shows good sensitivity and repeatability.
Article
Optics
Mengdi Sun, Pieter G. Kik
Summary: The angle dependent transmission of light trapping transparent electrodes was investigated, showing that varying the external angle of incidence can affect the light trapping efficiency. By judiciously selecting geometry and materials, shadowing losses can be reduced significantly.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Matthew Collin, Venetia Bigley
Summary: The concept of functional specialization in immune system has been observed in human Langerhans cells, with two distinct epidermal subsets identified by single-cell approaches converging on a common activation and migration pathway.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Alexander J. J. Lin, Ahmed Z. Sihorwala, Brian Belardi
Summary: Inmetazoans, living cells form multicellular tissue structures to achieve capabilities beyond individual cell functionality. Recent advances in constructing synthetic cells point to a future where synthetic tissue can be pursued, benefiting biomedical implants, drug delivery systems, and other applications. Molecular findings on natural tissue inspire the development of synthetic tissue with tissue-scale features, such as morphological control, intercellular communication, replication, and responsiveness.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sumit Mahajan, Waris Nawaz Khan, Rahul Chhibber
Summary: This research studied the effect of flux coating constituents on the weld chemistry of nickel-based electrodes, using an extreme vertices design approach and regression analysis to optimize the electrode coating composition. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 improved arc stability and slag detachability during welding, leading to higher desirability in terms of weld chemistry.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sareh Zhand, Ying Zhu, Hojjatollah Nazari, Mohammad Sadraeian, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Dayong Jin
Summary: In this study, dithiol-modified Subzyme was attached to gold nanoparticles, leading to an improved limit of detection compared to using magnetic microparticles. The method was successfully applied to the detection of exosomal PD-L1 RNA with a limit of detection as low as 50 fM and a reaction time of 8 minutes. This work suggests new potentials for point-of-care testing in clinical applications.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Duyen H. T. Nguyen, Robert H. Utama, Kristel C. Tjandra, Panthipa Suwannakot, Eric Y. Du, Maria Kavallaris, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: This study develops a synthetic hydrogel with ionic cross-linking to rapidly create hydrogels. The mechanical stiffness of the hydrogel can be tuned by varying the number of charged ionic groups, the length of the polymer arms, and the polymer concentration. It is demonstrated as an extracellular matrix mimic for 3D in vitro cell models.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samuel V. Somerville, Peter B. O'Mara, Tania M. Benedetti, Soshan Cheong, Wolfgang Schuhmann, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: Enzymes with multiple active sites and control over the solution environment enable the formation of complex products from simple reactants. We mimic this concept using nanoparticles to facilitate the electro-chemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. By altering the rate of CO2 delivery, the activity of the CO producing site, and the applied potential, we show that stable nanoparticles with lower CO formation activity can produce greater amounts of hydrocarbon products. This highlights the importance of the local solution environment and the stability of the catalyst in cascade reactions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel V. V. Somerville, Qinyu Li, Johanna Wordsworth, Sina Jamali, Mohammad Reza Eskandarian, Richard D. D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: Nanozymes mimic the selectivity of enzymes by utilizing features such as control over the arrangement of atoms in the active site and the placement of the active site down a nanoconfined substrate channel. The implementation of enzyme-inspired features has shown improvements in both activity and selectivity of nanoparticles for various catalytic and sensing applications. Controlled active sites on metal nanoparticle surfaces can be achieved through changing the composition of the surface metal or immobilizing single atoms on a metal substrate. Molecular frameworks and unique diffusional environments further enhance selectivity, while nanoconfined substrate channels offer additional control over selectivity through modifying the solution environment and transport of reactants and products.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Danielle Bennett, Xueqian Chen, Gregory J. Walker, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, William D. Rawlinson, D. Brynn Hibbert, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: Plasmonic nanoparticles in dimer format are used for single molecule sensing, where the interaction with hairpin DNA leads to a shift in localized surface plasmon resonance. Spectroscopy may detect this shift, but point-of-care devices require a faster analysis method. By using dark-field imaging and digital analysis, the plasmonic resonance shift of thousands of dimer structures can be measured in minutes. The challenge is separating dimers from non-specifically bound clusters to achieve accurate results. The LAB-based classifier algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy for this digital separation.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Analytical
Danielle Bennett, Xueqian Chen, Gregory J. Walker, Milad Mehdipour, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, William D. Rawlinson, D. Brynn Hibbert, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Analytical
Eric Bakker, Philippe Buhlmann, J. Justin Gooding, Robert E. Gyurcsanyi, Ernoe Pretsch
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Panthipa Suwannakot, Stephanie Nemec, Newton Gil Peres, Eric Y. Du, Kristopher A. Kilian, Katharina Gaus, Maria Kavallaris, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: Synthetic hydrogels are widely used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the physical and biochemical cues observed in natural ECM proteins. Researchers have developed an electrostatically crosslinked PEG-based hydrogel system to create high-throughput 3D in vitro models of the cancer environment. This hydrogel system can be degraded by breaking the interaction between oppositely charged polymer chains.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Analytical
Sareh Zhand, Ying Zhu, Hojjatollah Nazari, Mohammad Sadraeian, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Dayong Jin
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Ying Yang, Sanjun Fan, James A. Webb, Yuanqing Ma, Jesse Goyette, Xueqian Chen, Katharina Gaus, Richard D. Tilley, Justin Gooding
Summary: This study presents an electrochemical approach to reversible fluorescence switching of enhanced green fluorescent proteins (EGFP) on indium tin oxide coated glass. The method allows efficient switching between bright (ON) and dim (OFF) states at the single molecule level. The electrochemical fluorescence switching is fast, reversible, and can be incorporated into advanced fluorescence microscopy.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Daniel E. Hagness, Ying Yang, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: Affinity biosensors play a crucial role in various areas of human health, such as clinical diagnosis and pharmaceuticals, by utilizing specific binding between target analytes and biological ligands. Electrokinetic phenomena have been investigated as a viable option to improve the performance of affinity biosensors for higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Seyedyousef Arman, Vinicius R. R. Goncales, Ying Yang, Richard D. D. Tilley, Katharina Gaus, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: This study explores a dual optical and electrical biosensor based on cells, which provides insights into cellular events. The fabrication steps and electrical characterization of microelectrodes are described. Initial experiments show that the ability of indium tin oxide (ITO) to detect biological cells at the electrode-cell layer interface mainly depends on the size of the sensing area. The impact of conductivity on the real-time impedance signal during cell adhesion on different substrates is also explored.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
J. Justin Gooding, Jean-Francois Masson
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Seyedyousef Arman, Richard D. Tilley, J. Justin Gooding
Summary: This article reviews the development of cellular impedance biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the general principles and terms associated with the cell-electrode interface. This family of techniques provides real-time quantitative and sensitive information on cell responses to stimuli with high temporal resolution, and their applications in cell biology are illustrated with various examples. The current state of the field, its limitations, possible solutions, and the potential benefits of developing biosensors are discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Carlos Hurtado, Simone Ciampi
Summary: This study investigates the underlying cause of surface wear during the operation of Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and reveals that surface damage is mainly caused by high pressure rather than current density. The study also discovers a delay in the occurrence of output drop during operation, which partially explains why the deterioration of DC-TENG performance is often underestimated or not reported.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexander M. Prophet, Kritanjan Polley, Gary J. Van Berkel, David T. Limmer, Kevin R. Wilson
Summary: The oxidation kinetics of iodide by ozone at the air-water interface is studied in single microdroplets. Molecular simulations and kinetic modeling are used to understand the underlying multiphase mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rong Zhang, Jiajing Lan, Fei Wang, Shumei Chen, Jian Zhang
Summary: By utilizing 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid as a chelating and surface protection ligand, we have synthesized multi-nuclear indium oxide clusters with varying nuclear sizes, including heptanuclear and thirteen-nuclear clusters. These clusters possess labile coordination sites, allowing for structural modification and self-assembly, resulting in the formation of various cluster structures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hui Wang, Hui Liu, Mingsen Wang, Jiaheng Hou, Yongjun Li, Yuancheng Wang, Yingjie Zhao
Summary: Two supramolecular complexes were prepared using CBs and M1, and their single-crystal structures were analyzed by SCXRD. The unexpected 1:2 self-assembly structure between M1 and CB[8] was discovered for the first time. These complexes exhibit unique photophysical properties and provide valuable information about the structure and photophysical properties of supramolecular complexes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chang-Hee Lee, Sookil Park, Sanggil Kim, Ji Young Hyun, Hyun Soo Lee, Injae Shin
Summary: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell proliferation and tumor development. This study used a fluorescently labeled EGFR to investigate its time-dependent endocytosis in live cells and found that appended glycans affect EGFR internalization. Additionally, the study detected sialic acid residues attached to EGFR on the live cell surface using FRET-based imaging. This research provides valuable insights into the cellular functions of EGFR.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Subhankar Sahu, Lokesh Kumar, Sumita Das, Dipti Gupta, Ruchi Anand
Summary: This study proposes a strategy that combines organic electronics with biosensor scaffolds to create a compact device for monitoring environmental aromatic pollution. By coupling biosensing protein MopR with an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), a sensor module capable of efficient detection of phenol was designed. Exclusive phenol detection with minimal loss of sensitivity could be achieved in complex pollutant mixtures and real environmental samples.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changseok Lee, Hyung-Joon Kang, Sungwoo Hong
Summary: The formation of C-N bonds through hydroamination reactions catalyzed by nickel hydrides has been a topic of recent interest. This approach offers a way to efficiently transform a variety of alkene and alkyne substrates into compounds enriched with C-N bonds. The review provides a concise overview of the underlying reaction mechanisms and aims to stimulate further progress in NiH-catalytic techniques and catalyst design.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yueci Wu, Lu-Lu Sun, Hai-Hao Han, Xiao-Peng He, Weiguo Cao, Tony D. James
Summary: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of acute liver failure in the USA and Europe, but most cases can be recovered or prevented by discontinuing the offending drug. Recent research has found that peroxynitrite (ONOO-) can be used as a potential indicator for early diagnosis of DILI, and there is an urgent need to establish a method to detect and track peroxynitrite in DILI cases. In this study, a FRET-based nano fluorescent probe CD-N-I was developed, which showed high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting peroxynitrite. The probe successfully detected exogenous peroxynitrite in live cells and endogenous peroxynitrite in APAP-induced liver injury of HepG2 cells.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dmitry L. Lipilin, Mikhail O. Zubkov, Mikhail D. Kosobokov, Alexander D. Dilman
Summary: This article describes a direct photocatalytic method for the thiolation of unprotected acids, which was previously challenging. By using a thionocarbonate reagent with an N-O bond, the efficient conversion of carboxylic acids to thiols is achieved.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jason Malenfant, Lucille Kuster, Yohann Gagne, Kouassi Signo, Maxime Denis, Sylvain Canesi, Mathieu Frenette
Summary: Raman microscopy can reveal compound-specific vibrational fingerprints without sample preparation. The combination of efficient theoretical calculations and a user-friendly software can accurately predict peak positions and provide match scores to assist with structure determination.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jayoh A. Hernandez, Paul S. Micus, Sean Alec Lois Sunga, Luca Mazzei, Stefano Ciurli, Gabriele Meloni
Summary: Essential trace metals play crucial roles in the survival and virulence of bacterial pathogens. Helicobacter pylori requires nickel for colonization and persistence in the stomach, and NixA is an essential nickel transporter in this process. This study characterizes the selectivity and electrogenic nature of NixA-mediated nickel transport.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tarali Devi, Kuheli Dutta, Jennifer Deutscher, Stefan Mebs, Uwe Kuhlmann, Michael Haumann, Beatrice Cula, Holger Dau, Peter Hildebrandt, Kallol Ray
Summary: This study emphasizes the importance of subtle electronic changes and secondary interactions in the stability of biologically relevant metal-dioxygen intermediates. It also shows that the role of the chloride ligand in stabilizing the Fe-III-(OOBu)-Bu-t moiety can extend to other anions, including the thiolate ligand.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jacqueline R. Santhouse, Jeremy M. G. Leung, Lillian T. Chong, W. Seth Horne
Summary: By studying the folding kinetics and mechanism of the BdpA sequence, researchers found that altering the backbone connectivity can affect protein folding. This suggests that protein mimetic chains have a significant degree of plasticity in transitioning between unfolded and folded states.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Divanshu Gupta, Ralf Einholz, Holger F. Bettinger
Summary: This study presents the first direct spectroscopic evidence of a cyclic seven-membered iminoborane. Compared to linear amino-iminoboranes, this cyclic iminoborane exhibits weakened bond strength and lower Lewis acidity value. The study suggests that the reduced ring strain of cyclic iminoborane prevents nitrogen fixation but allows facile (2 + 2) cycloaddition reaction with C2H4.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Renny Mathew, Aniruddha Mazumder, Praveen Kumar, Julie Matula, Sharmarke Mohamed, Petr Brazda, Mahesh Hariharan, Brijith Thomas
Summary: This study reveals the packing arrangement of partially disordered nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI) using a synergistic approach that combines 3D ED, ssNMR, and DFT techniques. By overcoming these challenges, this methodology opens up new avenues for material characterization, driving exciting advancements in the field.