Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuhiro Endo, Masanori Fujita, Katsunori Ikewaki
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Recent epidemiology studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality, with increased mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors has shown limited efficacy in reducing CVD events. As a result, the focus has shifted to evaluating HDL functionality as a novel biomarker for CVD risk. This review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives on HDL functions, based on findings from basic research and clinical trials.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilaria Zanotti, Francesco Poti, Marina Cuchel
Summary: HDL plays an antiatherogenic role by accepting cholesterol from cells and promoting reverse cholesterol transport, with cholesterol efflux capacity being associated with cardiovascular risk in various human cohorts. These findings support the protective role of RCT in humans.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz
Summary: The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis involves complicated processes such as regulation of cholesterol synthesis, dietary uptake, and bile acid synthesis and excretion. Reverse cholesterol transport, mediated by high-density lipoproteins, plays a vital role in transferring cholesterol from non-hepatic cells to the liver for excretion. MicroRNA-33 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, impacting both cellular cholesterol efflux and bile metabolism in the liver. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new perspectives in microRNA-targeted treatment for cholesterol imbalance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Kamtchueng Simo, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: Aging may reduce the ability of HDL to mediate reverse cholesterol transport, while an atherogenic diet can enhance this process. Cholesterol accumulation in the aortas is more pronounced in aged mice, exacerbating susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis. The dysregulation of membrane cholesterol transporters' expression levels contributes to this phenomenon.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laeticia Scherler, Sofia N. Verouti, Daniel Ackermann, Bruno Vogt, Genevieve Escher
Summary: In this study, adenine was used to induce nephropathy in mice, showing the loss of protective effects of renal cholesterol and vitamin D-3 metabolism under this condition. It was found that adenine enhanced cholesterol efflux and eliminated lipids in feces, which had a protective effect against atherosclerosis but also affected bone growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gunther Marsche, Julia T. Stadler, Julia Kargl, Michael Holzer
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by increased oxidative stress, leading to modifications of proteins and lipids in the blood vessel wall. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme mainly found in neutrophils and monocytes, plays a crucial role in this oxidative process. Research has shown that MPO interacts with lesion derived high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and modifies its components, leading to dysfunction of HDL. Understanding the impact of MPO-induced changes on the structure and function of HDL is important for the future use of HDL in diagnostics and therapy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Athina Trakaki, Peter Wolf, Wolfgang Weger, Thomas O. Eichmann, Hubert Scharnagl, Julia T. Stadler, Wolfgang Salmhofer, Eva Knuplez, Michael Holzer, Gunther Marsche
Summary: The study found that psoriasis patients had impaired HDL function at baseline compared to controls, but short-term and especially intermediate-term therapy with biologics markedly reduced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and rendered HDL pro-inflammatory. However, it increased paraoxonase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activities. All biologics caused similar changes in HDL composition, subclass distribution and cholesterol efflux capacity.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johanna F. Schachtl-Riess, Stefan Coassin, Claudia Lamina, Egon Demetz, Gertraud Streiter, Richard Hilbe, Florian Kronenberg
Summary: The study found that the per-well method for measuring CEC had lower rejection rates and coefficients of variation compared to the time zero method, and the use of four controls on each plate improved assay performance for both methods. Additionally, the choice of lysis reagents, cell numbers, and assay setup significantly impact the quality and reliability of CEC quantification.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xingming Hou, Clemens Malainer, Atanas G. Atanasov, Elke H. Heiss, Verena M. Dirsch, Limei Wang, KeWei Wang
Summary: The natural alkaloid evodiamine was found to lower blood lipids and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice, likely through promoting the PPARγ-ABCG1 signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zelong Jin, Lan Zhou, Rong Tian, Naihao Lu
Summary: The research reveals that Tyr192 in apoA-I is the major chlorination site in HDL from humans with atherosclerosis, and MPO-mediated damage affects its function. ApoA-I containing a Tyr192 -> Phe mutation shows moderate resistance to oxidative inactivation by MPO, while MPO-treated apoA-I fails to reduce lipid content in aortic plaques in vivo.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelo Zinellu, Stefania Sedda, Arduino A. Mangoni
Summary: The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to the higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group. This study investigated the associations between paraoxonase-1 levels and oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients. The results suggest that alterations in paraoxonase-1 may reflect a pro-oxidant state in specific subgroups of patients with schizophrenia.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Zhang, Xuewen Wu, Pengmin Shi, Hongyu Ma, Fei Fang, Qianlang Feng, Shuang Zhao, Ruipu Zhang, Jinyuan Huang, Xinting Xu, Weilie Xiao, Guang Cao, Xu Ji
Summary: In this study, it was found that diterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicine Callicarpa rubella could effectively inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux, suggesting their potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Marija Vavlukis, Ana Vavlukis, Katerina Krsteva, Sonja Topuzovska
Summary: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme with multiple functions, and several PON1 gene polymorphisms related to cardiovascular diseases have been proven in clinical studies. Different polymorphisms affect the concentration and activity of PON1, thus influencing atherosclerosis. PON1 genotyping may be reasonable in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Masahiro Koseki, Shizuya Yamashita, Masatsune Ogura, Yasushi Ishigaki, Koh Ono, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Mika Hori, Kota Matsuki, Shinji Yokoyama, Mariko Harada-Shiba
Summary: Tangier disease is a genetic disorder caused by dysfunctional mutation of the ABCA1 gene, leading to extremely low levels of HDL cholesterol. Common physical signs in patients include orange-colored pharyngeal tonsils and hepatosplenomegaly. The disease is associated with significantly reduced HDL-C levels and an increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.
JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alyann Otrante, Amal Trigui, Roua Walha, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: EVOO intake improves cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL in elderly subjects by modulating the distribution of HDL subclasses, leading to enhanced anti-atherogenic activity of HDL.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdelouahed Khalil, Tamas Fulop, Hicham Berrougui
Summary: Research has shown that PON1 plays a vital role in modulating the antiatherogenic activity of HDL, and future studies should focus on elucidating how PON1 regulates HDL functionality, as well as identifying interventions to stimulate PON1 activity and increase its plasma concentration to propose new strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Biology
Omar Farssi, Rabie Saih, Ahmed El Moukhtari, Aziz Oubenali, Mohammed Mouradi, Mohamed Lazali, Cherki Ghoulam, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Hicham Berrougui, Mohamed Farissi
Summary: This study demonstrated that under limited phosphorus availability, Pseudomonas alkylphenolica PF9 can synergistically enhance alfalfa growth with Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm41, significantly improving plant physiological and biochemical traits.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Kamtchueng Simo, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: Aging may reduce the ability of HDL to mediate reverse cholesterol transport, while an atherogenic diet can enhance this process. Cholesterol accumulation in the aortas is more pronounced in aged mice, exacerbating susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis. The dysregulation of membrane cholesterol transporters' expression levels contributes to this phenomenon.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alyann Otrante, Amal Trigui, Roua Walha, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: EVOO intake improves cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL in elderly subjects by modulating the distribution of HDL subclasses, leading to enhanced anti-atherogenic activity of HDL.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lamiae Benchagra, Hicham Berrougui, Mohamed Obaidul Islam, Mhamed Ramchoun, Samira Boulbaroud, Abdelouahed Hajjaji, Tamas Fulop, Gianna Ferretti, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: Pomegranate peel is rich in polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity, especially in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Natural antioxidants extracted from the Moroccan Sefri variety of pomegranate can suppress lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation in cancer cells, showing potential in preventing metabolic disorders, cancer, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Pathology
Md Obaidul Islam, Tiziana Bacchetti, Hicham Berrougui, Abdelouahed Khalil, Gianna Ferretti
Summary: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer. Dysfunctional HDL in diabetes can promote bladder cancer cell proliferation and increase oxidative stress levels.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Tamas Fulop, Anis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, Alan A. Cohen, Guillaume Provost, Abedelouahed Khalil, Guy Lacombe, Serafim Rodrigues, Mathieu Desroches, Katsuiku Hirokawa, Claudio Franceschi, Jacek M. Witkowski
Summary: Organismal ageing is associated with changes in the immune system, which can lead to age-related diseases and decreased vaccine responses. However, recent advances in vaccine technology and understanding of immune ageing have contributed to the development of vaccines that can protect the health of older adults as well as younger individuals.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ghassan Bkaily, Yanick Simon, Alexandre Normand, Ashley Jazzar, Houssein Najibeddine, Abdelouahed Khalil, Danielle Jacques
Summary: This study demonstrates that short-term treatment with taurine prevents cardiac hypertrophy associated with HCM in a sex-dependent manner, but prevents early death in a sex-independent fashion.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alami Mehdi, Benchagra Lamiae, Boulbaroud Samira, Mhamed Ramchoun, Khalil Abdelouahed, Fulop Tamas, Berrougui Hicham
Summary: Polyphenols have neuroprotective benefits and could be valuable in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, inconsistent findings and variations in individuals and study designs need to be considered.
Article
Microbiology
Hajar El Filaly, Ahmed Outlioua, Christophe Desterke, Zerif Echarki, Wafaa Badre, Moncef Rabhi, Myriam Riyad, Damien Arnoult, Abdelouahed Khalil, Khadija Akarid
Summary: IL1B rs1143627, rs16944, and IL1RN VNTR are associated with clinical and biological features in Moroccan H. pylori-infected patients, with VNTR showing a significant correlation with IL-1 beta levels. These findings suggest that VNTR may serve as an interesting predictor for identifying patients at risk of developing H. pylori-associated pathologies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alyann Otrante, Abdelghani Bounafaa, Hicham Berrougui, Abdel-Khalid Essamadi, Michel Nguyen, Tamas Fueloep, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. The results showed that ACS patients had an alteration in LDL particle distribution with a significant increase in sdLDL serum concentrations. These findings suggest that sdLDL levels could be a valuable marker for predicting cardiovascular events.
