Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hai-yan He, Arifa Ahsan, Reshmi Bera, Natalie McLain, Regina Faulkner, Kapil V. Ramachandran, Seth S. Margolis, Hollis T. Cline
Summary: Protein degradation by the neuronal membrane proteasome (NMP) is crucial for brain function. It selectively degrades newly synthesized proteins induced by neuronal activity and plays a role in regulating neuronal activity and experience-dependent circuit plasticity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jason P. Fernandes, William G. Branton, Eric A. Cohen, Gerrit Koopman, Ivanela Kondova, Benjamin B. Gelman, Christopher Power
Summary: Despite effective antiretroviral therapies, a significant proportion of treated HIV infection cases develop a neurodegenerative syndrome called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This study investigates the mechanisms underlying neuronal damage and death in HAND and identifies a novel mechanism by which HIV triggers pyroptotic death in neurons. Targeting this mechanism could offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HAND and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Biology
Jormay Lim, Hsiao-Hsin Tai, Wei-Hao Liao, Ya-Cherng Chu, Chen-Ming Hao, Yueh-Chun Huang, Cheng-Han Lee, Shao-Shien Lin, Sherry Hsu, Ya-Chih Chien, Dar-Ming Lai, Wen-Shiang Chen, Chih-Cheng Chen, Jaw-Lin Wang
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that transcranial low-intensity ultrasound could be a non-invasive neural modulation tool for treating brain diseases. Low-intensity ultrasound can activate neurons in the mouse brain and induce adult neurogenesis in specific regions. ASIC1a is identified as the molecular determinant involved in the mechano-signaling of low-intensity ultrasound for neural activation in the mouse brain.
Review
Psychiatry
Madeline Eve, Josan Gandawijaya, Liming Yang, Asami Oguro-Ando
Summary: This review discusses the potential role of neuronal cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in mediating inflammatory cascades in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as evaluates their influence on glial activity associated with inflammation. Understanding the impact of environmental factors and inflammatory responses on ASD development is crucial in advancing our knowledge of ASD pathology.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiajing Sheng, Boxuan Jiang, Ruijun Shi, Linsheng Shi, Dong Liu
Summary: Endothelial cells and neurons have common signaling pathways and molecular mediators for guiding vascular and neural development. This study focused on the role of sema4C in zebrafish embryos and found that it is expressed in both the nervous system and intersegmental vessels. Knockdown of sema4C caused abnormalities in vascular and neural pathfinding, while overexpressing sema4C mRNA neutralized the defects. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying blood vessel and nerve development.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lucia Yi-Ru Chung, Yi-Ting Lin, Chi Liu, Yi-Cheng Tai, Han-Yi Lin, Chin-Hsien Lin, Ching-Chow Chen
Summary: This study reveals that activated microglia-derived neuroinflammation induces neuronal TLR2/4-p38/JNK activation, disrupting autophagy and leading to accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates and neurite shortening. Targeting neuronal TLR2/4 pathway might provide a mechanistic-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Shufeng Bu, Samuel Song Yuan Lau, Wei Lin Yong, Heng Zhang, Sasinthiran Thiagarajan, Arash Bashirullah, Fengwei Yu
Summary: The study reveals the important roles of PcG and Hox genes in regulating ecdysone signalling and neuronal pruning in Drosophila. The findings suggest a non-canonical and PRC2-independent role of PRC1 in Hox gene silencing during neuronal pruning.
Article
Immunology
Zhan Zhang, Jingru Jiang, Yong He, Jinhua Cai, Jiatian Xie, Minyi Wu, Mengdan Xing, Zhenzhen Zhang, Haocai Chang, Pei Yu, Siqi Chen, Yuhua Yang, Zhongshan Shi, Qiang Liu, Haohui Sun, Baixuan He, Junbo Zeng, Jialin Huang, Jiongxue Chen, Honghong Li, Yi Li, Wei-Jye Lin, Yamei Tang
Summary: The study found that pregabalin effectively inhibited microglial activation in the RIBI mouse model, thereby reducing neuronal damage. By directly inhibiting cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 released by irradiated neurons, pregabalin mitigated inflammatory responses and prevented further activation of microglia and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Knocking out neuronal HMGB1 or microglial TLR2/TLR4/RAGE significantly blocked radiation-induced NF-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory transition of microglia.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tian-Xin Yang, Yun-Fang Zhu, Cheng-Cheng Wang, Jin-Yue Yang, Chang-Hu Xue, Qing-Rong Huang, Yu-Ming Wang, Tian-Tian Zhang
Summary: The study provides evidence for the positive effect of PlsEtn on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation inhibition, and PlsEtn may be explored as a potential functional ingredient.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyun-Bae Kang, Shin-Hye Kim, Sun-Ho Uhm, Do-Kyung Kim, Nam-Seob Lee, Young-Gil Jeong, Nak-Yun Sung, Dong-Sub Kim, In-Jun Han, Young-Choon Yoo, Seung-Yun Han
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Perilla frutescens leaf extract (PFL) against vascular dementia (VaD). The results showed that PFL significantly attenuated VaD-associated memory deficits, neuronal death, and microglial activation. Additionally, PFL countered VaD-associated structural and functional deterioration through the attenuation of neuroinflammation.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Elena Irollo, Bradley Nash, Jared Luchetta, Renato Brandimarti, Olimpia Meucci
Summary: The study reveals that the & mu;-opioid agonist morphine utilizes the endolysosomal iron transporter DMT1 to regulate neuronal iron metabolism and upregulate the iron storage protein FHC, leading to cognitive decline in neuroHIV. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of neuroHIV.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuanmei Che, Jianglong He, Xiaopeng Li, Daxian Wu, Yi Zhang, Guicai Yuan
Summary: This study found that up-regulation of miR-381-3p can alleviate inflammation and neuron apoptosis in ischemic brain injury by targeting the CCR2/NF-kappa B pathway to mitigate microglial activation and neurotoxicity.
Review
Cell Biology
Ying-Hao Han, Xiao-Dong Liu, Mei-Hua Jin, Hu-Nan Sun, Taeho Kwon
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are neurological disorders characterized by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuating neuronal pyroptosis could potentially serve as novel strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kalle Kipper, Abbas Mansour, Arto Pulk
Summary: The polarized cell morphology of neurons plays a crucial role in various neuronal processes, including the transport and translation of specific mRNAs. Localized protein synthesis in neurons is essential for memory formation and neurodegeneration. Through proteomics and electron microscopy, the structure of neuronal RNA granules has been characterized.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rajesh Kushwaha, Anshuman Sinha, Natallia Makarava, Kara Molesworth, Ilia V. Baskakov
Summary: This study demonstrated that reactive astrocytes in prion diseases have a neurotoxic effect on neuronal growth, dendritic spine development, and synapse maturation. Additionally, the conditioned media from reactive astrocytes was found to impair synapse integrity and reduce spine size and density, suggesting a synaptotoxic role of the reactive astrocyte phenotype associated with prion diseases.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)