Article
Ecology
Barbara Fischer, Nicole D. S. Grunstra, Eva Zaffarini, Philipp Mitteroecker
Summary: Comparing pelvic sex differences across modern humans and chimpanzees reveals a similar pattern despite differences in magnitude of pelvis shape dimorphism, suggesting that this pattern did not evolve de novo in modern humans but was present in the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeanelle Uy, Natalie M. Laudicina
Summary: This research examines how gut size influences the size and shape of the human pelvic canal. In males, larger gut sizes are associated with increased mediolateral canal dimensions at the inlet and midplane, while in females, larger gut sizes are associated with more medially-projecting ischial spines and a longer anteroposterior outlet. These findings suggest adaptations to create space for the gut and reduce the risk of pelvic floor disorders in females.
Article
Business, Finance
Rajabrata Banerjee, Kartick Gupta, Chandrasekhar Krishnamurti
Summary: This study examines the impact of a firm's ethical failures on its implied cost of equity and finds that corrupt corporate behavior leads to a higher implied cost of equity. The study also concludes that capital markets play a larger role in disciplining corrupt firms when institutional quality is weak. Additionally, the study shows that corruption has a more significant impact on the cost of equity in high policy uncertainty environments.
JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Yajie Zhang, Qiang Yu
Summary: The study found that different versions of agroecosystem models did not significantly improve the accuracy of simulating agricultural nitrous oxide emissions, and there was no significant difference in simulation abilities between original models and user-defined revised models. This may be due to changes in publication bias and increased focus on complex agricultural issues.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barbara Grant, James Charles, Brendan Geraghty, James Gardiner, Kristiaan D'Aout, Peter L. Falkingham, Karl T. Bates
Summary: This study reveals that the mechanisms contributing to increased energy expenditure on compliant substrates during walking are more complex than previously thought. By analyzing a large dataset and conducting mechanical testing, the researchers propose that increased activity and mechanical work of muscles crossing the hip and knee joints are required to support the changes in joint and spatio-temporal kinematics on compliant substrates.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maliwan Oofuvong, Alan Frederick Geater, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Thavat Chanchayanon, Bussarin Sriyanaluk, Boonthida Suwanrat, Kanjana Nuanjun
Summary: In pediatric ambulatory surgery, perioperative respiratory events (PRE) were significantly associated with prolonged length of stay and increased hospital cost, especially when there was unplanned admission before surgery.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ross H. Miller, Elizabeth Russell Esposito
Summary: Through computer modeling, it has been found that transtibial limb loss does not directly lead to an increase in metabolic cost of walking. Even when deviations from able-bodied walking mechanics are minimized, the metabolic cost remains the same.
Article
Physiology
Venus Joumaa, Atsuki Fukutani, Walter Herzog
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) on muscle energy cost, and the results showed that the increase in total force following SSCs was achieved by increasing the proportion of attached cross-bridges and titin stiffness, while ATP consumption per unit of force remained the same.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Louis Lambrechts
Summary: In recent decades, several zoonotic arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes have caused large-scale epidemics in humans. Although it is believed that these arboviruses adapt to domestic mosquito vectors for transmission, this is not usually the direct cause of their initial emergence. Secondary adaptation to domestic mosquitoes can amplify transmission, but it is more likely a consequence rather than a cause of arbovirus emergence. Recognizing that emerging arboviruses are generally preadapted for domestic mosquito vectors can improve preparedness for future arbovirus emergence events.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan R. S. Moore, Mathew J. Roloson, Philip J. Currie, Michael J. Ryan, R. Timothy Patterson, Jordan C. Mallon
Summary: This study reconstructs the appendicular muscle structure of the pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum using its skeleton. It reveals that the forelimb musculature is conservative while the pelvic and hind limb musculature is more derived, indicating a stronger and more stable structure that would have been advantageous for head-butting contests.
Article
Fisheries
James A. Wilson, Jarl Giske
Summary: Scientific understanding of social learning in vertebrates has grown rapidly, suggesting that it is a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with genetic adaptation. Social learning reduces costs and minimizes hazards for individual fish, while facilitating the evolution of behaviors in a group and spreading them to subsequent generations. It enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than genetic processes alone. However, heavy fishing of socially learned fish may reduce their abundance and impair the inheritance of socially learned experience required for local adaptation.
FISH AND FISHERIES
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Shuai-Ying Zhao, Libin Zhou, Guangjie Chen, Steven A. J. Declerck
Summary: This study investigates the adaptations of freshwater organisms to salinity and whether adaptation to one salt increases tolerance to other salts. The results show that adaptation to NaCl increases tolerance mainly to CaCl2 but to a lesser extent to Na2SO4. Increased tolerance to CaCl2 is associated with increased tolerance to Ca2+ ion toxicity.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Helen K. Ruddock, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Suzanne Higgs
Summary: Research suggests that people eat more when dining with friends and family, known as the 'social facilitation of eating'. Future studies should focus on the long-term consequences, individual and contextual factors influencing social eating, and how social eating leads to increased food intake. Additionally, an evolutionary framework proposes that social facilitation of eating optimizes the evolutionary fitness of individuals sharing a common food resource.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhuofu Liu, Vincenzo Cascioli, Peter W. McCarthy
Summary: Continuous monitoring of health status has the potential to improve the quality of life and life expectancy for those with chronic illness and the elderly, but cost reduction is necessary for widespread adoption. Advances in material science and engineering technology have lowered the expense of healthcare monitoring devices. This review examines the progress and challenges of using low-cost sensors in healthcare monitoring.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alonso Reyes-Calderon, Elias Mindreau-Ganoza, Braulio Pardo-Figueroa, Katherine R. Garcia-Luquillas, Sonia P. Yufra, Pedro E. Romero, Claudia Antonini, Jose-Miguel Renom, Cesar R. Mota, Monica C. Santa-Maria
Summary: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is a method that quantifies biomarkers in sewerage systems to obtain real-time information on the health and lifestyle of the population. This study evaluates low-cost methods for SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification and variant identification in wastewater samples. The results suggest the use of a robust and cost-effective method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA analysis that could be implemented for other viruses.
Article
Anthropology
Hilary J. Bethancourt, Zane S. Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Tomas Huanca, Esther Conde, W. Larry Kenney, Sera L. Young, Emmanuel Ndiema, David Braun, Herman Pontzer, Asher Y. Rosinger
Summary: The study findings suggest that heat stress and reproductive status may have a greater impact on hydration status than water insecurity across diverse ecological contexts.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Brian M. Wood, Jacob A. Harris, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Katherine Sayre, Amelia Sancilio, Colette Berbesque, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Audax Mabulla, Richard McElreath, Elizabeth Cashdan, James Holland Jones
Summary: Wood et al. examined gender differences in spatial behavior among Hadza hunter-gatherers using 2,078 days of GPS-recorded travel data. The study found that men tended to walk further, explore more land, and were more likely to be alone, in line with predictions based on foraging ecology principles. These findings suggest that male and female-targeted foods play a role in shaping landscape use patterns among Hadza foragers.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Biology
Katie Hinde, Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim, Alyson F. Brokaw, Nicole Burt, Mary C. Casillas, Albert Chen, Tara Chestnut, Patrice K. Connors, Mauna Dasari, Connor Fox Ditelberg, Jeanne Dietrick, Josh Drew, Lara Durgavich, Brian Easterling, Charon Henning, Anne Hilborn, Elinor K. Karlsson, Marc Kissel, Jennifer Kobylecky, Jason Krell, Danielle N. Lee, Kate M. Lesciotto, Kristi L. Lewton, Jessica E. Light, Jessica Martin, Asia Murphy, William Nickley, Alejandra Nunez-de la Mora, Olivia Pellicer, Valeria Pellicer, Anali Maughan Perry, Stephanie G. Schuttler, Anne C. Stone, Brian Tanis, Jesse Weber, Melissa Wilson, Emma Willcocks, Christopher N. Anderson
Summary: March Mammal Madness is a science outreach project that engages hundreds of thousands of people in the United States each year through a simulated tournament featuring 64 animals. By combining gamification, social media, community events, and creative products, it translates academic literature into gripping narratives for high school educators and students, reaching an estimated 1% of high school students in the US in 2019. The intentional design and use of human psychological and cognitive adaptations contribute to the widespread use and success of the project.
Book Review
Anthropology
Kristi L. Lewton
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rebecca Rimbach, Ahmad Amireh, Austin Allen, Brian Hare, Emily Guarino, Chana Kaufman, Hannah Salomons, Herman Pontzer
Summary: Marine mammals are believed to have a high energy expenditure due to their endothermy in marine environments. In this study, total energy expenditure was measured in 10 adult bottlenose dolphins, showing a decline in adjusted energy expenditure and an increase in fat mass with age. Results suggest that marine mammals have higher energy expenditure compared to terrestrial mammals, but bottlenose dolphins expend less energy than other marine mammals of similar body mass.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Zane S. S. Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Hilary J. J. Bethancourt, Jessica Saunders, Fionah Mutindwa, Emmanuel Ndiema, David R. R. Braun, Asher Y. Y. Rosinger, Herman Pontzer
Summary: This study characterizes early childhood growth trajectories among Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralist children in northern Kenya and identifies differences in growth patterns relative to international references. Daasanach children show a distinctive pattern of growth, with an increase in linear growth velocity after 24 months of age and relatively high linear growth velocity throughout early childhood. Compared to international references, they have a lower proportion of stunting but higher proportions of underweight and wasting.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Rebecca Rimbach, Gabrielle Butler, Pratik R. Gupte, Jorg Jager, Claire Parker, Herman Pontzer
Summary: This study observed the usage of food waste by urban eastern gray squirrels and found that human presence, ambient temperature, and bin filling influenced their behavior. Most of the retrieved food items by squirrels were starchy foods, and their population was higher in urban areas during winter.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E. T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, William E. Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, John J. Reilly, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Luis B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C. K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A. Schoeller, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of human water turnover in different age groups and countries. The results show that age, body size and composition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics are closely related to water turnover. People living in countries with a low human development index have higher water turnover. Predictive equations for human water turnover in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors are provided based on the extensive dataset.
Article
Zoology
Rebecca Rimbach, Herman Pontzer
Summary: Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease in humans and can also negatively impact the health of primates in captivity. This study examined physical activity and metabolic markers in ring-tailed lemurs and Coquerel's sifakas during periods of high and low activity. The results showed that higher activity was associated with lower body mass in the summer, but changes in activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or total energy expenditure in these populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew W. Best, Amanda Mcgrosky, Zane Swanson, Rebecca Rimbach, Katie Mcconaughy, Joe Mcconaughy, Cara Ocobock, Herman Pontzer
Summary: Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions impose extreme energetic and nutritional demands on competitors. The duration of the event is inversely related to the physical activity level, and macronutrient absorption and/or storage are key factors in ultramarathon performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biology
Herman Pontzer
Summary: Non-human primates are potentially informative for obesity research, as their relative body mass is similar to that of humans. Dietary niche does not affect relative body mass, but species with greater sexual size dimorphism have larger female body mass in captivity. Captive populations have similar relative body mass to wild and zoo populations.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
M. Katherine Sayre, Mariamu Anyawire, Bunga Paolo, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Herman Pontzer, Brian M. Wood, David A. Raichlen
Summary: This study examined the physical activity patterns of Hadza women and men who engage in different amounts of traditional foraging. Results showed that Hadza people generally engage in high levels of moderate-intensity physical activity and inactivity. Age was negatively associated with physical activity levels, but older participants were still highly active. The sex-based difference in the effects of mobility and schooling on physical activity may reflect the Hadza's gender-based division of labor or indicate that changes to subsistence-oriented lifestyles impact women and men differently.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Kristi L. Lewton, Emily-Elizabeth Cardenas, Daniela Cruz, Jocelyn Morales, Biren A. Patel
Summary: This study investigates the effects of body size and leap frequency on calcaneal bone volume in galagids. The results indicate that body size significantly affects calcaneal bone volume, while leap frequency does not have a significant impact.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Kristi L. Lewton
Summary: The study examines the relationship between three-dimensional os coxae shape and phylogeny, locomotor function, and size in primates. The findings show that phylogeny has a significant but less pronounced effect on shape compared to body size and locomotion. Among all primates, size and locomotion have significant effects on os coxae shape, even when accounting for phylogeny. However, among nonhuman primates, the relationship between locomotion and os coxae shape is not significant when phylogeny is considered.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Lauren Sarringhaus, Kristi L. Lewton, Safiyyah Iqbal, Kristian J. Carlson
Summary: This study investigates patterns of bone functional adaptations in extant apes through comparing hindlimb to forelimb bone rigidity ratios. The results show significant differences in limb rigidity ratios between species and subspecies, supporting behavioral data of certain ape groups. Limb rigidity ratios can distinguish species and subspecies according to positional behavior patterns at different regions of interest along the diaphyses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2022)