Article
Ecology
Douglas W. W. Morris
Summary: Foraging involves a trade-off between food and safety, which is often associated with predation. However, danger and risk can arise from various causes and cannot be solely assessed based on predators. To provide a more comprehensive assessment of risk management, this study manipulated and measured risks by adding shelter and time-varying supplemental food to a population of meadow voles. The results showed that voles foraged more actively under safety, recognized least risk with access to both food and shelter, and exhibited sex-dependent habitat selection. This study highlights the need for ecologists to consider other dangers and processes that can alter foraging behavior and habitat selection, rather than attributing risk solely to predation.
Article
Agronomy
Luis Enrique Chavarin-Gomez, Pedro Torres-Enciso, Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suarez, Ricardo Ramirez-Romero
Summary: This study investigates the foraging behavior of the parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus in relation to the number of hosts and the risk of predation. The results show that the number of hosts has a significant impact on the parasitoid's behavior, while the risk of predation has a relatively smaller effect.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Denise D. Colombano, Thomas B. Handley, Teejay A. O'Rear, John R. Durand, Peter B. Moyle
Summary: Research in the San Francisco Estuary, CA, USA, has shown that factors such as channel depth, microhabitat, and tides influence fish abundance, while different feeding guilds overlap in space and time. During tidal flooding, fish are predicted to have high gut fullness in subtidal channels, after which they intensively feed throughout the marsh ecosystem.
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Karan R. Chhabra, Kyle H. Sheetz, Scott E. Regenbogen, Justin B. Dimick, Hari Nathan
Summary: The study measured the variation in episode spending around total hip replacement within and across hospital systems, finding significant differences driven by post-acute care utilization. Many systems concentrate hip replacement volume at relatively high-cost hospitals, suggesting tailored strategies to maximize savings in bundled payment programs.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Claire T. Hemingway, Jack C. Aversa, Michael J. Ryan, Rachel A. Page
Summary: In models of choice, animals are expected to evaluate options in absolute terms and assign some fitness related value to different options. However, evidence suggests that decision-making mechanisms may lead to context-dependent choices in animals. The study on wild Jamaican fruit bats found that they were sensitive to the context of the choice, showing shifts in preference upon the addition of an irrelevant decoy option, which contrasts previous findings in a close relative.
Article
Ecology
Yasuyuki Choh, Arne Janssen
Summary: Many animal species protect their eggs against predators, and some species take advantage of this by adding their eggs to those of the protecting species. We studied two tiny predatory mite species that share a food source and face intraguild predation, and found that one species acts as a brood parasite by adding its eggs to the eggs of the other species. The brood parasite prefers to add its eggs to the eggs of the protecting host species rather than another non-protecting mite species, and this behavior only occurs in the presence of egg predators.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yael Goll, Camille Bordes, Yishai A. Weissman, Inbar Shnitzer, Rosanne Beukeboom, Amiyaal Ilany, Lee Koren, Eli Geffen
Summary: Males and females in the rock hyrax population exhibit different patterns of leadership. In moderate risk situations, younger resident males are more likely to take leadership roles, while males with lower centrality status are more likely to lead during acute predation scenarios. In contrast, leadership among group females is more evenly distributed.
Article
Entomology
Sajjad Dalir, Hamidreza Hajiqanbar, Yaghoub Fathipour, Mostafa Khanamani
Summary: The study assessed the age-specific functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris to eggs of two-spotted spider mites. It was found that N. cucumeris showed a significant increase in numerical response with increasing prey density, but the rate gradually decreased at higher densities. The predatory mite demonstrated a stronger functional response and predation capacity on two-spotted spider mite eggs, indicating its high potential as a biological control agent.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Shotaro Shiratsuru, Emily K. Studd, Stan Boutin, Michael J. L. Peers, Yasmine N. Majchrzak, Allyson K. Menzies, Rachael Derbyshire, Thomas S. Jung, Charles J. Krebs, Rudy Boonstra, Dennis L. Murray
Summary: The study found that the activity patterns of snowshoe hares and Canada lynx are not necessarily related to predation risk, and lynx can still prey on hares during the daytime when hares are inactive. This suggests that the overlap of predator-prey activity may not always be a reliable proxy for predation risk, highlighting the need to examine the spatio-temporal behavior of predator and prey to improve our understanding of predation risk.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nikesh Dahal, Paul Glyshaw, Glenn Carter, Henry A. Vanderploeg, Vincent J. Denef
Summary: The impacts of an invasive filter-feeder on bacterial biodiversity are influenced by the context, and it is uncertain whether similar patterns are observed in systems with differing nutrient regimes. The feeding behavior of dreissenid mussels led to a decline in bacterial abundance and diversity in two eutrophic lakes, but the feeding on bacteria was not observed in every experiment. The results highlight the role of temporal, spatial, and genomic heterogeneity in bacterial response dynamics to the invasive filter-feeder.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Maria Kuruvilla, Anthony Dell, Ashley R. Olson, Jason Knouft, John M. Grady, Jacob Forbes, Andrew M. Berdahl
Summary: Temperature has a significant impact on the behavior and response of fish to predators, with optimal performance occurring at different temperatures for predation threat versus unperturbed swimming. Group-level metrics are influenced by temperature during a predation threat but not during unperturbed swimming. Fish respond the quickest to the predator stimulus at 20 degrees C, and the proportion of startled fish peaks at 13 degrees C, coinciding with maximum speed and acceleration.
Article
Ecology
Jenny R. Coomes, Gabrielle L. Davidson, Michael S. Reichert, Ipek G. Kulahci, Camille A. Troisi, John L. Quinn
Summary: Individual organisms vary in their behavioral plasticity, influenced by inhibitory control and exploration behavior. Birds with high inhibitory control were more flexible in choosing high-value food, while fast explorers were more flexible overall. Ecological conditions play a role in shaping these effects.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mara Koelker, Marieke Krimphove, Khalid Alkhatib, Junaid Nabi, Lindsay E. Kuo, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Toni K. Choueiri, Steven Lee Chang, Gerard M. Doherty, Adam S. Kibel, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Alexander P. Cole
Summary: The study aimed to explore the impact of hospitals on the nonoperative management of low-risk cancer patients. The results suggested that hospital factors may be associated with the tendency to pursue nonoperative management, but there may be differences in hospital factors when comparing unrelated cancers.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shilpa Surendran, Chuan De Foo, Chen Hee Tam, Elaine Qiao Ying Ho, David Bruce Matchar, Josip Car, Gerald Choon Huat Koh
Summary: The study highlights that power dynamics between stakeholders and lack of shared decision-making are key factors influencing the implementation of PCMHs in Singapore. Over time, issues such as lack of funding and conflicting interests among stakeholders have also hindered the success of PCMHs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Wilfred Inzama, Dan K. Kaye, Simon P. Kayondo, John P. Nsanja
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify gaps in abortion data in Uganda and make recommendations to the Ministry of Health. The study found that there are many unsafe abortions in restrictive environments and that abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. However, there are still gaps in the published articles, HMIS data, and DHS data, leading to missed opportunities for data to inform policy and practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)