Article
Optics
Levi Smith, Vahid Shiran, Walid Gomaa, Thomas Darcie
Summary: This study demonstrated the fabrication and testing of RF-engineered passive transmission-line-based components for operation at terahertz frequencies. By measuring the transmission response of a coplanar-strip transmission line loaded with split-ring resonators, three dominant modes were observed, including LC resonator modes and dipole modes.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Taiwei Yue, Zhi Hao Jiang, Ke Zhang, Jiangjia Yi, Wei Hong, Douglas H. Werner
Summary: In this work, compact polarization-controllable dual-band antennas were designed, prototyped, and experimentally verified. By tailoring the dispersive properties of the metasurface (MS), the antennas achieved controllable polarization in different frequency bands. The measured results of three example antennas agreed well with simulation predictions, verifying the proposed concept and specific antenna designs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yazusha Sharma, Rukhsar Zafar, Sanjeev Kumar Metya, Vinay Kanungo
Summary: This study presents a Plasmonic sensor based on coupled split ring resonators, featuring dual Fano resonances, ultra-narrow line width, and high Quality factor. The sensor design shows excellent sensitivity and resolution for optical glucometer applications, as well as potential uses in chemical sensing and various biological applications.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Amin Bagheri, Fakhroddin Nazari, Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi
Summary: In this work, a compact bidirectional switchable beam splitter/filter controlled by graphene-based electro-absorptive (refractive) mode modulation is proposed, suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications. The device utilizes graphene-loaded Si-ring resonators (GSRRs) coupled to bus waveguides, allowing for efficient control and manipulation of light beams. The numerical simulations demonstrate high efficiency in splitting and filtering light beams based on the electro-refractive and electro-absorptive states of the GSRRs.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Baiying Taishi, Yating Yang, Xueqi Wu, Jianchun Xu, Shanguo Huang
Summary: This article presents, optimizes, and measures a novel 3D electrically small antenna with dual-band. The optimized antenna works in 0.789 GHz and 1.183 GHz, showing simulated results similar to measured results, meeting the miniaturization requirements of modern wireless communication systems.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Lei Wei, Xuebao Kuai, Yidi Bao, Jiangtao Wei, Liangliang Yang, Peishuai Song, Mingliang Zhang, Fuhua Yang, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: This paper reviews the latest research progress of MEMS/NEMS resonators with different structures and their applications in various fields. The aim is to classify resonators according to different structures and summarize their working principles, resonance performance, and applications.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lijuan Su, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Paris Velez, Jesus Martel, Francisco Medina, Ferran Martin
Summary: This paper presents a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for microstrip lines loaded with dumbbell defect-ground-structure (DB-DGS) resonators etched in the ground plane. The model is applicable to folded and unfolded DB-DGSs, taking into account both magnetic and electric coupling between the line and the resonator. The models are validated through parameter extraction and comparison of circuit responses with electromagnetic simulation and measurement data.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
She Wang, Hai Wang, Chanxiao Li, Chijie Zhuang, Rong Zeng
Summary: In this study, an athermal electrooptic electric field sensor was demonstrated by coating a TiO2 film to compensate for LiNbO3's thermo-optic effect, significantly reducing the temperature dependence compared to the initial values. Both calculation and experimental studies were conducted, with the experimental results showing good agreement with the calculated values.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Du, Youcheng Zhu, Zhendong Yan, Xiulian Xu, Xiaoyong Xu, Jingguo Hu, Pinggen Cai, Chaojun Tang
Summary: The theoretical study showed that magnetic plasmon resonances (MPRs) in a 3D metamaterial consisting of vertical Au split-ring resonators (VSRRs) array on Au substrate, coupled with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), could generate an ultranarrow-band hybrid mode with significantly enhanced magnetic fields on the metal substrate. The proposed metamaterial exhibited high sensitivity (S = 830 nm/RIU) and figure of merit (FOM = 377), suggesting potential for label-free biomedical sensing applications.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhonggang Xiong, Liping Shang, Jieping Yang, Linyu Chen, Jin Guo, Quancheng Liu, Samuel Akwasi Danso, Guilin Li
Summary: A novel design of a nearly perfect metamaterial absorber for terahertz sensing applications is proposed, achieving 99% absorptivity at 0.53 THz with high sensitivity and Q-factor. The design exhibits high sensitivity to the refractive index of the surrounding medium and the covering sample thickness, making it suitable for detecting substances of different thicknesses in the terahertz low-frequency band.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ali M. Albishi, Saleh A. Alshebeili, Omar M. Ramahi
Summary: This paper presents a sensitive microwave near-field sensor based on utilizing a three-dimensional capacitor within a planar split-ring resonator, which enhances sensitivity in detecting dielectric fluids. Experimental testing shows higher sensitivity in detecting the presence of chloroform and dichloromethane, as well as changes in fluid levels. The proposed sensor offers improved performance compared to planar resonators, with increased electric field enhancement and higher loaded-quality factor achievable.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Rowan S. Parker-Jervis, Sae June Park, John E. Cunningham
Summary: Finite-element methods were used to design and simulate a tunable terahertz band-stop filter based on coupled split-ring resonators integrated into a planar Goubau-line waveguide. Two split-ring resonators with different geometrical lengths and gap widths were designed to resonate at the same frequency, with controlled resonance splitting by adjusting the distance between them. Investigation of the coupling strength of the resonators as a function of relative separation revealed a dispersion relation showing anti-crossing of the coupled resonances as the cantilever bends.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yifei Xu, Qi Song, Enen Li, Min Zhang, Zhenhua Sun, Tianwu Wang, Fang Liu, Peiguang Yan
Summary: An optical controlled THz modulator is proposed in this study, combining lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots with subwavelength metallic split-ring resonators (SRRs) to provide field enhancement. The modulation depth reaches 60.3%, which is approximately 3 times larger than the PbS quantum dots film without SRRs (as reference) in the frequency range of 0.1-1.1 THz. The significant enhanced THz modulation is mainly attributed to the local THz field enhancement caused by the SRRs, consistent with the simulation result.
Article
Physics, Applied
Ruolin Wang, Linping Feng, Haiwen Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a balanced wideband bandpass filter using asymmetric split ring resonators (ASRRs) and analyzes the resonant characteristics and high design freedom of ASRRs. The design achieves miniaturization of the filter and efficient generation of multiple transmission zeros (TZs) using quarter/half-wavelength uniform impedance resonators. The balanced BPF shows significant filtering performance with a center frequency of 3.5 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 32.8%, extended stopband bandwidth, and a miniaturized circuit size of 0.10λ(g) x 0.28λ(g).
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wen Fu, Zhongmao Li, Pengzhan Liu, Jingwen Cheng, Xin Qiu
Summary: The dual-band SIW BPF operates at 6 GHz and 12 GHz, using two strongly coupled CSRRs as resonant units. A novel equivalent circuit model is established for the dual-band SIW BPF, which exhibits higher slope selectivity, lower insertion loss, wider 3 dB fractional bandwidths, and a compact size.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Abdolrazzaghi, Vahid Nayyeri, Ferran Martin
Summary: This review article provides a comprehensive outlook on various methodologies to enhance the sensitivity, resolution, and robustness of arbitrary microwave sensors. Practical approaches with prototype examples are presented, and the main applications of these procedures are reported. Sensors implementing the proposed techniques show higher performance for high-end and real-life use.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhossein Karami-Horestani, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article presents a novel concept for electromagnetic encoders that achieve high data density and remarkable performance through a hybrid scheme combining frequency and time domains. The proposed system can be used for chipless RFID systems or position and velocity sensors, providing high-precision positioning information.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pau Casacuberta, Paris Velez, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article presents highly sensitive permittivity sensors operating in reflection and utilizing phase variation. The sensors are designed as one-port structures using a pair of coupled lines as the sensitive region. By manipulating the coupling factor and the electrical length of the coupled lines, the sensitivity can be driven to high values. The prototype sensors achieve competitive sensitivity and figures of merit without the need for additional circuit stages, unlike other sensitive sensors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zahra Mehrjoo, Amir Ebrahimi, Grzegorz Beziuk, Ferran Martin, Kamran Ghorbani
Summary: A phase variation-based rotation sensor is presented in this article, which utilizes a coplanar waveguide terminated with a stepped impedance LC resonator. By rotating a circular dielectric slab above the resonator, the sensor can detect the rotation angle based on the variation of the reflection coefficient. The linearity of the sensor is improved by tapering the width of the capacitive metallic patch along the rotation direction. The operation and sensing performance of the sensor are studied through circuit-based analysis and electromagnetic simulations. A sensor prototype is fabricated and experimentally measured to validate the design and analysis procedure.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lijuan Su, Paris Velez, Pau Casacuberta, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Ferran Martin
Summary: A planar microwave sensor is proposed for detecting humidity in underwear and clothes, which is particularly helpful for patients with hyperhidrosis and enuresis. The sensor operates at a single frequency and uses a resonator loaded with a sensing stub to measure the variation in the transmission coefficient caused by the humidity level of the fabric. By designing the stub with a moderately high-quality factor, the sensor can detect the presence of liquid in the fabric. Experimental validation shows that the sensor can measure a significant change in magnitude when a small amount of water is deposited on the fabric.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Abdolrazzaghi, Nazli Kazemi, Vahid Nayyeri, Ferran Martin
Summary: This research investigates the use of artificial intelligence to improve the selectivity of microwave sensors for liquid mixture sensing. By incorporating a regenerative amplifier, the quality factor of the microwave sensor was significantly improved. A deep neural network (DNN) was used to characterize binary mixtures, while a convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed for ternary mixtures, resulting in enhanced selectivity.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pau Casacuberta, Paris Velez, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This letter demonstrates that losses in one-port reflective-mode phase-variation planar permittivity sensors based on weakly coupled quarter-wavelength resonators can enhance sensitivity. The key to optimizing sensitivity is to achieve a high slope in the phase of the reflection coefficient at the operating frequency and the output variable. The magnitude of the phase slope can be arbitrarily high with adequate design considering device and material under test losses, regardless of its sign. Therefore, losses can be strategically utilized to achieve unprecedented sensitivities in this type of sensor.
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ferran Paredes, Ana Moya, Miguel Berenguel-Alonso, David Gonzalez, Pep Bruguera, Claudia Delgado-Simao, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article presents a complete system for measuring the absolute position, velocity, and acceleration of moving objects in industrial scenarios. The system uses an electromagnetic encoder consisting of metallic patches printed on a rubber belt. A clock/velocity chain generates the necessary signals to read the position chain, which contains patches at predefined positions. The system also includes a reader based on a transmission line with three resonators to detect the patches as the encoder moves.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhossein Karami-Horestani, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article reports on synchronous electromagnetic encoder systems that use phase encoding to increase the number of bits per encoder position. The reader consists of a transmission line terminated with a matched load and fed by a harmonic signal. The encoders are implemented using strip resonators printed or etched on a dielectric substrate. Phase encoding is achieved through the transverse position of the strips. The system offers high density of bits per unit length and surface and requires only a single harmonic signal for tag reading.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ferran Martin, Francisco Medina
Summary: This paper provides an overview of balanced structures operating at microwaves, including common-mode suppression filters, balanced filters and circuits with intrinsic common-mode suppression, and differential-mode sensors. The paper discusses various approaches for the implementation of these structures and compares the proposed strategies for optimizing the performance of the devices. The robustness of balanced structures against electromagnetic interference, noise, and environmental factors makes them increasingly popular in communication circuits and sensors.
IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paris Velez, Xavier Canalias, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Pau Casacuberta, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article analyzes the effects of losses on the sensitivity of reflective-mode phase variation liquid sensors and shows that losses can potentially enhance sensitivity with the right sensor design.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhossein Karami-Horestani, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martin
Summary: This letter introduces electromagnetic encoders that utilize four different inclusions for encoding. The encoders are read by tuning carrier signals to the resonance frequencies of the included strips. The functionality of the system is experimentally validated and it is shown that the encoders can be programmed by cutting identical inclusions.
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS
(2022)
