Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lucy Rebecca Davies, Volker Loeschcke, Mads F. Schou, Andreas Schramm, Torsten N. Kristensen
Summary: The study found significant differences in macronutrient composition and microbial community of food samples across seasons in a natural environment. However, the stress resistance and life-history traits of fruit flies were unaffected by these seasonal variations, suggesting that the interactions between microbes and nutrients in a varied nutritional environment play a crucial role in offsetting the negative effects of unfavorable macronutrient compositions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
David James Cannon, Cary Troy, Harvey Bootsma, Qian Liao, Rae-Ann MacLellan-Hurd
Summary: This study reports on turbulent mixing observed during the annual stratification cycle in the hypolimnetic waters of Lake Michigan, highlighting stratified, convective, and transitional mixing periods. Results show a shallow, wind-driven surface mixed layer and locally elevated dissipation rates in the thermocline during the stratified summer, while turbulence is weak and buoyancy-suppressed below the thermocline.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Ana Garcia-Vazquez, Denise A. Crampton, Angela L. Lamb, George A. Wolff, Kostas Kiriakoulakis, Giulia Guidarelli, Anna Loy, Paolo Ciucci, Claudio Groff, Ana C. Pinto-Llona, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade, Carlo Meloro
Summary: Stable isotope analysis of animal tissue samples is used to study trophic ecology and shows that isotopic signatures respond to diet type and environmental conditions. In this study, brown bear hair samples from four populations in southwest Europe were analyzed, considering geographical and climatic differences. The study found inter-population differences in isotopic values that suggest differences in food consumption, with higher altitude populations showing a greater consumption of animal foods. The quantification of isotopic niche space identified significant similarities between two populations and highlighted the need for conservation measures for southern isolated populations.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kashif Iqbal, Wei Jiang, Rui Ma, Chun Deng
Summary: Previous industrial water networks lack clarity on freshwater sources and neglect seasonal flow rate fluctuations. This study proposes a mathematical model to optimize the synthesis of an integrated water network, including multiple water resources and pretreatment technologies. Through implementation in a coastal oil refinery, the model successfully reduces freshwater demand and lowers the total annual cost for certain water resources.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Krzysztof Cwian, Michal R. Nowicki, Jan Wietrzykowski, Piotr Skrzypczynski
Summary: This paper analyzes the advantages of using high-level geometric features in LiDAR SLAM in large-scale urban environments, proposing a new map representation method and utilizing factor graph optimization for final map and trajectory optimization. Through experiments comparing the proposed solution to the open-source LOAM, the benefits of using high-level features in full optimization approach for large-scale LiDAR SLAM were demonstrated.
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Aditya Ghantasala, Reza Najian Asl, Armin Geiser, Andrew Brodie, Efthymios Papoutsis, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger
Summary: There is a growing trend towards automation in the engineering design process, particularly in numerical shape optimization. The framework discussed in the paper focuses on efficient and robust realization, as well as modularity for handling different physics solvers. The paper demonstrates the versatility and extensibility of the framework through various examples involving different physics and constraints.
JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Peng Guo, Jingxu Zhang, Fei Yang, Haifei Hu, Haibo Jiang
Summary: The geometric layout optimization of passive support structures for large aperture telescopes is crucial for determining mirror deformation under gravity and improving overall mirror distortion through optimization of axial and lateral support.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jinyuan Liu, Zangyueyang Xian, Yuqing Zhou, Tsuyoshi Nomura, Ercan M. Dede, Bo Zhu
Summary: This paper proposes a computational approach for large-scale flow-based topology optimization problems using a graphics processing unit (GPU). The approach utilizes marker-and-cell and finite difference methods to discretize the design domain and solve the Stokes equations, respectively. The use of a geometric multigrid preconditioner on GPU enables efficient solution of the linear system. The approach demonstrates the ability to efficiently discover intricate flow structures and solves problems with millions of elements within minutes.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
M. Vettorazzi, N. Mogensen, B. Kaelo, F. Broekhuis
Summary: Optimal foraging theory predicts that carnivores select prey based on intrinsic factors. This study explores how changes in prey abundance, resulting from mass annual migration of herbivores, influence prey profiles of lion and cheetah. The study found that changes in prey abundance had a strong influence on prey profiles, with lions and male cheetah more likely to feed on wildebeest during the migration. These changes in prey profiles could have implications for herbivore dynamics, human-wildlife conflict, and ecological interactions.
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Huzaifa, Arif Hussain, Waseem Haider, Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi, Usman Ahmad, Habib Ur Rehman
Summary: With the emergence of the smart grid, the distribution network is facing various problems, such as power limitations and voltage uncertainty. The growth of electric vehicles also leads to increased power demand. This paper proposes three meta-heuristic techniques (GWO, WOA, and DO) for optimal allocation of renewable energy distributed generation (RE-DG) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) in radial distribution networks (RDNs). The simulation results using MATLAB 2022a validate the efficiency of these techniques in reducing power losses and improving the voltage stability index.
Article
Ecology
M. Patterson, A. K. Wolfe, P. A. Fleming, P. W. Bateman, M. L. Martin, E. Sherratt, N. M. Warburton
Summary: As snakes grow, their diet and skull morphology change accordingly. The study found that Dugites undergo a size-related shift in their diet, with smaller individuals eating autotomised reptile tails and reptiles, medium-sized individuals predominantly eating mammals, and larger individuals having a more diverse diet. Skull shape changes gradually throughout ontogeny, with the allometric growth of trophic bones resulting in increased gape size and mobility of jaw bones in adults, allowing them to ingest larger prey and improve feeding ability.
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. P. Brito, Joao Silva Peixoto, Jorge Martins, Antonio P. Goncalves, Loucas Louca, Nikolaos Vlachos, Theodora Kyratsi
Summary: Industrial Waste Heat Recovery (IWHR) is a promising area for energy efficiency and emissions reductions in industry, with Thermoelectric (TE) generators (TEGs) offering the potential to directly convert heat into electricity. While current TEGs are typically limited to small-scale applications, there is potential for upscaling by utilizing specific materials and optimized designs.
Article
Mechanics
Yisong Qiu, Shuaiqi Zhang, Weisheng Zhang, Hongfei Ye, Hongwu Zhang, Yonggang Zheng
Summary: This paper proposes a coupling approach of moving morphable void and component for the topology optimization of hydrogel structures with recoverable large deformation. The method effectively describes the outline and material distribution of hydrogel structures and solves the issue of large deformation behavior. By mapping the design variables to the density field and combining the adjoint sensitivity and gradient-based algorithm, the proposed method effectively solves the optimization problem. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through numerical examples and experimental results.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Anthony W. Rodger, Trevor A. Starks
Summary: This study investigated the effects of introducing non-native rainbow trout on the endemic Neosho bass. The results showed that rainbow trout altered the distribution of Neosho bass and had overlapping diets with larger Neosho bass. Therefore, caution is needed when introducing rainbow trout, considering their density and size.
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sander Vissia, Ariet Bouman, Francisca A. S. Virtuoso, Frank van Langevelde
Summary: The community structure of large carnivores is influenced by direct and indirect interactions between intra-guild members. Co-existence within the carnivore guild can be achieved through diet, habitat, or temporal partitioning. Diet partitioning is potentially the most important mechanism for allowing carnivores to co-exist as they heavily rely on prey availability. Our research conducted in central Tuli, Botswana, compared the prey preference, diet partitioning, and niche breadth of four large carnivore species. The results showed a high dietary overlap among the carnivore species, possibly due to the high abundance of prey species reducing competition pressure.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Kirsten I. Black, Arthur D. Conigrave
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Matthew Robinson, Scott E. Nielsen, Brian Eaton, Cynthia Paszkowski
Summary: Variable retention forest harvesting has minimal long-term effects on wood frog abundance 17 years post-harvest, with interactions between retention level and forest type influencing capture rates during the late summer. Soil moisture and proximity to breeding sites also play a role in wood frog abundance, with higher capture rates in conifer forests and positive correlation with lower depth-to-water.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Laureen F. Echiverri, S. Ellen Macdonald, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: Mounding, a method used to restore tree establishment on seismic lines in treed peatlands, has set back the recovery of bryophyte communities responsible for microtopographic variation. Unmounded seismic lines showed recovery after 18 years, while mounded lines had lower Sphagnum cover and higher cover of true mosses compared to reference and unmounded treatments.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Navoda Nirmani Liyanapathirana, Amanda Grech, Mengyu Li, Arunima Malik, Manfred Lenzen, David Raubenheimer
Summary: This study integrates input-output analysis and nutritional geometry to assess the sustainability of the Australian macronutrient dietary guidelines (AMDR). The study found that diets adhering to the guidelines were associated with moderate environmental and economic impacts. However, only about 20.42% of participants followed the guidelines. Encouraging the consumption of plant protein to meet the lower limit of recommended protein intake could improve dietary sustainability in Australia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Richard Grainger, Vincent Raoult, Victor M. Peddemors, Gabriel E. Machovsky-Capuska, Troy F. Gaston, David Raubenheimer
Summary: This study introduces a novel integration of stable isotopes and a multidimensional nutritional niche framework to explore individual diet specialisation in juvenile white sharks. The results show that white sharks are individual specialists within a generalist population niche, but their nutrient intake is consistent, suggesting they are nutritional specialists.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
R. S. Jackson, J. M. Dennett, S. E. Nielsen
Summary: Deforestation leads to forest fragmentation and associated edge effects. In Alberta, Canada, seismic lines, roads, and wellpads for resource exploration have caused substantial fragmentation, but the edge effects of the latter two have not been fully assessed. This study examines the influence of these disturbances on forest composition and structure in the oil sands region. The findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbances result in changes in tree and shrub density, with deciduous-dominated forests being the most affected.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christoph Saner, Alistair M. Senior, Hanyue Zhang, Aino-Maija Eloranta, Costan G. Magnussen, Matthew A. Sabin, Markus Juonala, Marco Janner, David P. Burgner, Ursula Schwab, Eero A. Haapala, Berit L. Heitmann, Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Timo A. Lakka
Summary: This study tested for protein leverage and the protein leverage hypothesis in children and adolescents. The results showed that proportional energy intake of proteins was inversely associated with energy intake, and increased energy intake on diets with lower protein content was counterbalanced by increased energy expenditure and did not lead to increased adiposity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Robert Spitzer, Eric Coissac, Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt, Annika M. Felton, Christian Fohringer, Marietjie Landman, Wiebke Neumann, David Raubenheimer, Navinder J. Singh, Pierre Taberlet, Fredrik Widemo
Summary: Differences in botanical diet compositions correlated with nutritional differences in moose faecal samples collected during winter. Moose mixed Scots pine and Vaccinium spp. as complementary foods to reach a nutritional target resembling Salix spp. twigs and selected for Salix spp. browse. Available protein and total non-structural carbohydrates showed significant correlation in observed diets.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Javier Gomez Ortega, David P. Raubenheimer, Sonika P. Tyagi, Christen P. Mirth, Matthew D. W. P. Piper
Summary: Dietary nutrient composition plays a crucial role in shaping vital fitness traits and behaviors. Fruit flies, like Drosophila melanogaster, experience protein limitation at the level of amino acids. Despite significant differences in gene expression between male and female flies, their amino acid utilization patterns are remarkably conserved.
Article
Ecology
Christine E. Kuntzemann, Ellen Whitman, Diana Stralberg, Marc-Andre Parisien, Dan K. Thompson, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: In the boreal forests of North America, the presence of fire refugia is influenced by a combination of bottom-up controls on fuel configuration, top-down climate controls, as well as hydrological, ecological, and topographic heterogeneity. Forested fens have a higher probability of fire refugia compared to upland forests, while forested bogs have a similar likelihood of fire refugia as upland forests. Climate and physical setting are the strongest factors affecting fire refugia in uplands and peatlands, respectively.
Article
Zoology
Lee J. Hecker, Mark A. Edwards, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: Habitat selection in wildlife management and conservation is important. Different behaviors require different habitat components. Considering behavioral states is necessary to avoid overlooking factors influencing selection. The study on female wood bison revealed the influence of behavioral states on habitat selection and the importance of considering multiple states for assessing habitat suitability.
Article
Forestry
Angelo T. Filicetti, Jesse Tigner, Scott E. Nielsen, Katherine Wolfenden, Murdoch Taylor, Paula Bentham
Summary: Seismic lines, created by the oil and gas industry, have significant impacts on biogeochemical cycles, plant and animal diversity and behavior, and forest successional trajectories. Low-impact seismic (LIS) line construction has shown to mitigate these impacts and promote line recovery. Retained and recruited trees on LIS lines had considerable densities and heights. Ensuring mulcher drums are kept high can further enhance line recovery.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laureen F. I. Echiverri, S. Ellen Macdonald, Scott E. Nielsen
Summary: This study examines the edge effects of narrow linear openings on the performance of cow-wheat, an herbaceous annual and facultative hemi-parasite, in the boreal forest. The results suggest that the creation of openings and associated edge effects positively influence the abundance and seed production of cow-wheat at the population level, but not at the individual level. Additionally, evidence of 'edge sealing' was found, with higher tree and sapling density and short shrub cover at the edges compared to the interior forest.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Koemel, Alistair M. Senior, Tarik Benmarhnia, Andrew Holmes, Mirei Okada, Youssef Oulhote, Helen M. Parker, Sanam Shah, Stephen J. Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Timothy P. Gill, Nasser Laouali, Michael R. Skilton
Summary: This study examined the role of gut microbiome metabolites in the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health. The analysis of cross-sectional data from 4685 US adults revealed significant interactive associations between microbial lignan metabolites and several cardiometabolic health markers. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome may modulate the overall association of diet quality with cardiometabolic health.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jiabao Yan, Cuiru Ren, Yunlong Dong, Jibran A. A. Wali, Hongjie Song, Ying Zhang, Hengrui Zhang, Guangning Kou, David Raubenheimer, Zhenwei Cui
Summary: Ketogenic diet combined with moderate aerobic exercise effectively reduces body weight and fat mass, with no significant adverse effects except for an increase in circulating triglyceride level. Aerobic exercise further improves blood parameters and hepatic condition in mice fed with ketogenic diet.