Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hei Yeun Koo, Min-A Kim, Hyehyun Min, Jae Yeon Hwang, Meenakshi Prajapati-DiNubila, Kwan Soo Kim, Martin M. Matzuk, Juw Won Park, Angelika Doetzlhofer, Un-Kyung Kim, Jinwoong Bok
Summary: Research has found that the tonotopic mapping in the cochlea is determined by regional identity, with follistatin and sonic hedgehog playing key roles in the development and maintenance of these regional characteristics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biology
Guanping Feng, Aby Joseph, Kosha Dholakia, Fei Shang, Charles W. Pfeifer, Derek Power, Krishnan Padmanabhan, Jesse Schallek
Summary: In recent years, it has been possible to image single neurons, glia, and vascular cells in vivo to study local networks of activity in the living brain. However, a similar method has not yet been developed for the constantly moving eye. In this study, a novel head-fixed preparation was characterized to enable high-resolution retinal imaging at the single-cell level in awake mice. The study revealed new functional attributes of the eye that are overlooked by anesthesia and highlighted the benefits of studying retinal physiology without anesthesia.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ester Catalano, Raffaele Vallifuoco, Luigi Zeni, Alexis Dufour, Emmanuel Marin, Sylvain Girard, Aldo Minardo
Summary: We demonstrate the possibility of modifying the Brillouin scattering properties of a microstructured pure-silica core optical fiber by infiltrating a liquid into its holes. The dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on temperature can be reduced by infiltration due to the liquid's large negative thermo-optic coefficient. By infiltrating a chloroform-acetonitrile mixture into the holes of a suspended-core fiber, the BFS temperature sensing coefficient is reduced by approximately 21%, while the strain sensitivity remains almost unchanged. This platform could have applications in Brillouin sensing for distributed electrical and magnetic measurements or enhanced Brillouin gain in fibers infiltrated with high nonlinear optical media.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shira Klorfeld-Auslender, Yaniv Paz, Ilana Shinder, Jonathan Rosenblatt, Ilan Dinstein, Nitzan Censor
Summary: Research shows that individuals with ASD can effectively learn and generalize to untrained domains through brief memory reactivations, providing a unique benefit for their skill learning.
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Jonas Zaman, Anastasia Chalkia, Ann-Kathrin Zenses, Antoine Selim Bilgin, Tom Beckers, Bram Vervliet, Yannick Boddez
Summary: Incorporating perceptual measures in generalization research can lead to a better understanding of individual differences, as perceptual variability may result in different learning experiences and explain interindividual variations in generalized responding.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonas Zaman, Kenny Yu, Marta Andreatta, Matthias J. Wieser, Yannik Stegmann
Summary: Previous research on associative aversive learning and discrimination acuity has shown mixed results. This study aimed to investigate these findings in humans and found that aversive learning did not alter discrimination acuity, contrary to prior assumptions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonas Zaman, Kenny Yu, Marta Andreatta, Matthias J. Wieser, Yannik Stegmann
Summary: Past research on aversive learning and discrimination acuity has had mixed results. This study aimed to apply previous findings from animal studies to humans. Experiment 1 compared different types of learning experiences and their effects on discrimination ability, finding weak to moderate evidence that aversive learning did not alter discrimination acuity. A follow-up experiment replicated these findings and showed that additional safety cues did not moderate the effect.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ying Zhou, Xuefeng Liang, Xiaosong Zhang, Zhihui Liang, Chenyang Wang, Yu Gu, Yifei Yin
Summary: Discovering visually discriminative and frequent representations in image categories is a challenging issue. Previous studies optimized discrimination and frequency separately, resulting in sub-optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a method named JDFR that discovers joint discriminative and frequent visual representations. By employing a classification task with cross-entropy loss and a similarity concentration loss, JDFR ensures discrimination and frequency, and utilizes an attention module to locate representative regions in images.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nitish Deshpande, Miguel R. R. Castellanos, Saeed R. R. Khosravirad, Jinfeng Du, Harish Viswanathan, Robert W. W. Heath
Summary: The conventional wireless system design assumption of narrowband and far-field does not match with the optimal beamforming required for wideband and near-field systems. This discrepancy is more visible when dealing with larger apertures and bandwidths. In order to understand the behavior of near-field and wideband systems, we derive the beamforming gain expression achieved by a frequency-flat phased array designed for plane-wave propagation. Additionally, we propose a frequency-selective distance metric to determine the far-field to near-field boundary for a wideband system. The analysis provides an upper bound on the product of the array aperture and the system bandwidth and shows how the gain threshold affects the maximum usable bandwidth for the n260 and n261 5G NR bands.
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yael Zaltz, Liat Kishon-Rabin
Summary: This study examined the utilization of fundamental frequency (F0) and formant cues for voice discrimination in older adults. The results showed that older adults had poorer voice discrimination thresholds compared to young adults, with larger variability among the older listeners. Both age groups found formant cues more beneficial for voice discrimination, and the combination of F0 and formant cues resulted in better thresholds. Significant associations were found in the older adults between voice discrimination and cognitive measures as well as hearing sensitivity, suggesting age-related decline in both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Cunguang Lou, Xu Yang, Xitong Li, Hongjia Chen, Chao Chang, Xiuling Liu
Summary: A novel, highly sensitive gas sensing system utilizing a graphene-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) has been developed. When CO2 is selected as the target analyte, the optimized coating thickness on the commercially available QTF shows improved performance in gas detection compared to traditional bare QTF methods.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Licheng Deng, Jian Jiang, Dingli Zhang, Lin Zhou, Yuming Fang
Summary: The research on vibration energy harvester (VEH) for rotational applications is of great significance. By proposing a self-tuning piezoelectric VEH and establishing a rigid-flexible coupling model, wide frequency matching can be achieved. Numerical analysis results show that the VEH can achieve good performance within the range of 8-28 Hz.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taly Kondat, Maya Aderka, Nitzan Censor
Summary: This study explores the impact of performance in the same task under different learning conditions on long-term generalization learning. The results show that the same-session performance group demonstrates better long-term generalization, and improvements in locations A and B are only correlated after same-session performance, indicating an integrated learning process between locations.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Junlei Chen, Ying Fan, Qiushi Zhang, Qiushuo Chen, Ming Cheng
Summary: This letter proposes an easy-implementation ultralocal model-based tuning-free controller (UL-TFC) to enhance the speed performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in scenarios with load inertia variation. The UL-TFC is designed without additionally low-pass filter (LPF), and its performance against inertia and control frequency variations is analyzed. The tuning-free performance of the UL-TFC is experimentally confirmed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hedwig E. Gockel, Robert P. Carlyon
Summary: This study investigates the difference in perception of fundamental frequency in complex tones. The results show that the difference limens for fundamental frequency are smaller when the complex tones contain low harmonics that are well resolved. However, when the rank of the lowest harmonic increases and harmonics become less resolved, the difference limens worsen. The presentation mode (dichotic vs diotic) also affects the perception of fundamental frequency, but only for tones with low-to-medium frequency content.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amit X. Yaron, Maciej M. Jankowski, Ruan Badrieh, Israel Nelken
Review
Neurosciences
Mor Harpaz, Maciej M. Jankowski, Leila Khouri, Israel Nelken
Summary: The study investigated the emergence of representation of sounds as wholes in the auditory system using stimulus-specific adaptation. The results showed differences in the representation of sounds in different parts of the auditory pathway, with the primary auditory cortex representing sound as abstract entities while other parts mainly representing them in terms of frequency components.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Mousa Karayanni, Israel Nelken
Summary: Behavioral optimality in experiments is typically based on extrinsic rewards defined by experimenters, but non-rewarding actions are pervasive. Non-optimal behaviors can provide insights into important brain processes that are driven by motivations other than extrinsic rewards.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Romeo R. Racz, Mihaly Kollo, Gabriella Racz, Ciprian Bulz, Tobias Ackels, Tom Warner, William Wray, Nikolai Kiskin, Chi Chen, Zhiwen Ye, Livia de Hoz, Ede Rancz, Andreas T. Schaefer
Summary: In this study, continuously drawn SiO2-insulated ultra-microelectrode fibers were used to address the issue of damage to vasculature and circuit function during probe insertion. The results showed that these ultra-low impedance electrodes can effectively record and stimulate neuronal activity in both superficial and deep structures of the mouse brain.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tohar S. Yarden, Adi Mizrahi, Israel Nelken
Summary: This study investigated the role of inhibition in auditory cortex in stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). Using two-photon targeted cell-attached recordings and optogenetic manipulations, the researchers found that parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expressing interneurons showed early-onset SSA. Surprisingly, inhibiting PV neurons enhanced responses to deviant stimuli more than to standard stimuli, while inhibiting VIP neurons decreased responses to standard stimuli but not to deviant stimuli.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp van Kronenberg, Linus Milinski, Zoe Kruschke, Livia de Hoz
Summary: The study found that sounds are differentially gated during sleep depending on their meaning, which is reflected in disruption of sleep-associated brain oscillations without behavioral arousal.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nadav Amir, Naftali Tishby, Israel Nelken
Summary: The attentional blink (AB) effect refers to the reduced probability of reporting a second target (T2) that appears shortly after a first one (T1) within a rapidly presented sequence of distractors. Research has shown that intensive mental training in the form of mindfulness meditation can alleviate this effect and reduce the T1-evoked brain potentials. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Researchers propose a dynamical-systems model of the AB, linking behavioral performance, evoked brain potentials, and training through the concept of reduced mental noise.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim Duking, Lena Spieth, Stefan A. Berghoff, Lars Piepkorn, Annika M. Schmidke, Miso Mitkovski, Nirmal Kannaiyan, Leon Hosang, Patricia Scholz, Ali H. Shaib, Lennart Schneider, Dorte Hesse, Torben Ruhwedel, Ting Sun, Lisa Linhoff, Andrea Trevisiol, Susanne Koehler, Adrian Marti Pastor, Thomas Misgeld, Michael Sereda, Imam Hassouna, Moritz J. Rossner, Francesca Odoardi, Till Ischebeck, Livia de Hoz, Johannes Hirrlinger, Olaf Jahn, Gesine Saher
Summary: This study provides insights into the energy metabolism of different brain cell types in response to altered nutrition and neurological disease, highlighting the importance of metabolic cross-talk between CNS cells and between the periphery and the brain.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Omri David Gilday, Benedikt Praegel, Ido Maor, Tav Cohen, Israel Nelken, Adi Mizrahi
Summary: Surround suppression is a fundamental property of sensory processing in the brain. This study found that there is bandwidth tuning in the auditory system, and proposed a simple explanation for auditory edge detection.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chi Chen, Livia de Hoz
Summary: As we interact with our surroundings, we generalize our recognition of the same or similar objects from different perspectives. This ability to generalize is important in understanding perception, as natural stimuli are identified by a combination of dimensions. The study tested the generalization of untrained mice in a 2-dimension discrimination task, revealing a perceptual hierarchy dominated by the sound's spectral composition.
Article
Acoustics
Yanir Maymon, Israel Nelken, Boaz Rafaely
Summary: This paper proposes an improved method for speaker localization using binaural microphone arrays. It introduces an auditory filter bank to replace the traditional short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and applies a new direction of arrival (DOA) search based on transformed head related transfer function (HRTF) as steering vectors. Simulation and experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Article
Biology
Maciej M. Jankowski, Ana Polterovich, Alex Kazakov, Johannes Niediek, Israel Nelken
Summary: Researchers developed a programmable interactive arena called the Rat Interactive Foraging Facility (RIFF) to simultaneously monitor behavior and brain activity in rats. The RIFF revealed that rats not only have auditory responses in the auditory cortex and auditory field in the posterior insula, but also show sensitivity to non-auditory parameters such as location and head-to-body angle. This study provides insights into the cognitive capabilities and learning mechanisms of rats.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bshara Awwad, Maciej M. Jankowski, Ana Polterovich, Sapir Bashari, Israel Nelken
Summary: The article discusses the relationship between unexpected changes in sensory streams and prediction errors in deviant stimulus. It explores the association between Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Stimulus-Specific Adaptation (SSA) in humans and animals. Research findings show that violation of expectations due to unexpected stimulus omission can elicit omission MMN. These responses reflect temporal expectancy and are often time locked to the end of the omitted stimulus. The study also demonstrates the occurrence of offset responses in the auditory cortex of unanesthetized rats, which contribute to a rich and varied representation of prediction-related signals.
Article
Neurosciences
Tamar Regev, Geffen Markusfeld, Leon Y. Deouell, Israel Nelken
Summary: The study revealed that the human auditory cortex is sensitive to the content of past stimulation and that neural responses measured at different latencies after stimulus onset are influenced by frequency intervals computed over distinct timescales. Early responses are more influenced by the history of stimulation than later responses. A model consisting of neural populations with frequency-specific but broad tuning can explain these results.
Article
Acoustics
Lior Madmoni, Shir Tibor, Israel Nelken, Boaz Rafaely
Summary: Research has shown the importance of direct sound in auditory perception, particularly in environments with reverberation. Experimental findings suggest that masking high-DRR bins in reverberant speech signals may better indicate the quality of spatial perception, rather than specific DRR thresholds. These insights could inform spatial audio techniques for reproducing the direct sound of reverberant speech and improving spatial perception.
IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING
(2021)