Review
Plant Sciences
Bingjian Yuan, Huanzhong Wang
Summary: Plant small peptides, including CLE and EPFL, play crucial roles in cell-cell communication to coordinate developmental processes, especially in vascular development. Different sources of peptides, such as CLE and EPFL, have specific regulatory effects on plant growth and development.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Agronomy
Hyeona Hwang, Hojin Ryu, Hyunwoo Cho
Summary: The signaling pathways of brassinosteroids play critical roles in plant growth and development, as well as in agricultural traits. Understanding and manipulating BR responses in crops, particularly in rice, can enhance adaptation to environmental changes and improve agricultural traits and productivity. The complex regulation of BR signaling pathways could be utilized in molecular design, precise breeding strategies, and cultivation methods for rice crop improvement.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiawei Xiong, Xiaoping Wan, Maolin Ran, Xiumei Xu, Lezhang Chen, Feng Yang
Summary: Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in plant immunity by regulating the expression of callose synthase gene GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 (GSL8) and promoting callose accumulation, which enhances the resistance to pathogen infection. The molecular mechanism and key components of BR-induced pathogen resistance remain to be fully elucidated.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jie Hu, Xiaotong Hu, Yang Yang, Chunmei He, Jin Hu, Xuelu Wang
Summary: Through studying genetic materials in Arabidopsis, the antagonistic roles of BES1 and WOX4 in regulating cambium activity were identified, providing insight into the dynamic regulation of cambium development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaolu Wang, Shengxuan Jin, Xu Chang, Guanrong Li, Ling Zhang, Shumei Jin
Summary: The role of AtPHB6 in salt and oxidative stress was studied through various experiments, showing that overexpression of AtPHB6 leads to increased resistance in plants under stress conditions. AtPHB6 interacts with the AtSOT12 protein, contributing to the plant's ability to resist salt stress.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Naranjo-Arcos, Moumita Srivastava, Florian Deligne, Prakash Kumar Bhagat, Mansi Mansi, Ari Sadanandom, Gregory Vert
Summary: This study reveals that the plant hormone receptor BRI1 is regulated by SUMOylation and its activity is controlled by the SUMO protease Desi3a. Moreover, Desi3a regulates the interaction between BRI1 and the negative regulator BIK1 as well as BRI1 endocytosis. The deSUMOylation of BRI1 by Desi3a is proposed as a molecular crosstalk mechanism between temperature and BR signaling, enabling plants to respond to environmental inputs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristoffer Jonsson, Olivier Hamant, Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
Summary: The instructive role of mechanical cues in plant morphogenesis is crucial for directing growth asymmetries. The cell wall acts as a hub for mechanical feedback, integrating the three parameters of shape, growth, and external factors. Changes in cell-wall chemistry and mechanics play a significant role in transducing mechanical cues during morphogenesis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang Lin, Jing Cao, Jiale Yuan, Yuxia Liang, Jia Li
Summary: Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are important external and internal signals in plant growth and development. Recent studies have identified key components that integrate light and BR signals in regulating seedling morphology and development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Rekha Agrawal, Mohan Sharma, Nidhi Dwivedi, Sourobh Maji, Pallabi Thakur, Alim Junaid, Jiri Fajkus, Ashverya Laxmi, Jitendra K. Thakur
Summary: This study reveals the role of the Mediator complex as an integrator of jasmonate (JA) and auxin signaling pathways during thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Warm temperature induces the expression of JA signaling genes and promotes the accumulation of the JA signaling receptor COI1 and degradation of the JA signaling repressor JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN9. The Mediator complex, specifically the mediator subunit MED17, occupies the promoters of thermosensory genes and facilitates enrichment of H3K4me3, which is dependent on the bHLH transcription factor PIF4.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zengxiu Feng, Hongyong Shi, Minghui Lv, Yuang Ma, Jia Li
Summary: Protein farnesylation plays a significant role in mediating BR signaling in Arabidopsis, regulating the protein stability of the transcription factor BES1.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Donald L. Mykles
Summary: Y-organs are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans, controlled by external and internal signals through four physiological states. The YO transcriptome reveals the involvement of various signaling pathways and receptors in molt control, suggesting positive regulation by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on integrating physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gabriel Gomez-Ocampo, Carlos D. Crocco, Jimena Cascales, Jana Oklestkova, Danuse Tarkowska, Miroslav Strnad, Santiago Mora-Garcia, Jose L. Pruneda-Paz, Miguel A. Blazquez, Javier F. Botto
Summary: B-Box-containing zinc finger transcription factor BBX21 inhibits hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis through the brassinosteroid pathway. It reduces sensitivity to synthetic active brassinosteroid 24-epiBL at low concentrations in simulated shade and represses the biosynthesis and signaling genes of brassinosteroids. BBX21 integrates brassinosteroid homeostasis and shade-light signaling to fine-tune hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Karolina Zolkiewicz, Damian Gruszka
Summary: Glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs/SKs) play important regulatory roles in plant biological processes, participating in not only the brassinosteroid signaling pathway but also signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of GSKs/SKs and their interactions with other proteins is crucial for comprehending the regulation of plant development, stress response, and reproduction.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yovanny Izquierdo, Luis Muniz, Jorge Vicente, Satish Kulasekaran, Veronica Aguilera, Ana Lopez Sanchez, Ada Martinez-Ayala, Bran Lopez, Tomas Cascon, Carmen Castresana
Summary: Plant oxylipins are signaling molecules produced from fatty acids by oxidative pathways, primarily initiated by 9- and 13-lipoxygenases, impacting plant development and defense mechanisms. Studies on mutant plants insensitive to specific oxylipin products indicate a close connection between oxylipin signaling and mitochondrial stress responses in plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marc Somssich, Filip Vandenbussche, Alexander Ivakov, Norma Funke, Colin Ruprecht, Kris Vissenberg, Dominique Van Der Straeten, Staffan Persson, Dmitry Suslov
Summary: This study investigated the effects of brassinosteroids on Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth responses to gravity, revealing the importance of changes in cellulose and mannan content in regulating plant gravitropic bending and upright posture. It was found that brassinosteroids interfere with plant growth by affecting cellulose fibre organization and cell expansion, as well as by influencing the presence of mannans in the cell walls.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Ashley N. Hostetler, Rajdeep S. Khangura, Brian P. Dilkes, Erin E. Sparks
Summary: Research suggests that root systems play a crucial role in water uptake, nutrient use, and anchorage in crop production, with brace roots in maize identified as key players and potential candidates for QTL studies in maize and sorghum. Additionally, brace root development and function may be conserved in other Poaceae members, but there is limited research in this area.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shailesh Karre, Saet-Byul Kim, Bong-Suk Kim, Rajdeep S. Khangura, Shannon M. Sermons, Brian Dilkes, Guri Johal, Peter Balint-Kurti
Summary: Mutant maize gene Rp1-D21 confers resistance to common rust and triggers a cell autonomous hypersensitive response (HR). The study found that while HR and chlorosis associated with Rp1-D21 activity were cell autonomous, other defense responses initiated by Rp1-D21 may not be.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jeffrey P. Simpson, Jacob Olson, Brian Dilkes, Clint Chapple
Summary: Plants utilize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine to synthesize specialized metabolites to increase resilience and tolerance to stress. Research in sorghum identified over 600 mass spectrometry features derived from Phe and Tyr, with varying proportions of contribution from each precursor. Tissues and metabolites show differences in the relative incorporation of Phe and Tyr, indicating multiple pools of p-coumaric acid are fed by the two amino acids.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anuradha Singh, Brian Dilkes, Hanan Sela, Vered Tzin
Summary: Bird cherry-oat aphid is a destructive insect pest in wheat production. Wheat plants have evolved chemical and physical defense mechanisms to reduce aphid damage, but their effectiveness is not well understood. This study explored the resistance of wild emmer wheat to aphids through trichomes and benzoxazinoids, finding that trichomes and the compound DIMBOA are key factors determining aphid resistance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Puna Maya Maharjan, Sunghwa Choe
Summary: The second year of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global human and economic losses, highlighting the urgent need for effective vaccines. Plant-based vaccine development shows promise, with two candidates in clinical trials and potential for rapid production at scale.
Article
Immunology
Puna Maya Maharjan, Jinyeong Cheon, Jiyun Jung, Haerim Kim, Jaewon Lee, Minjeong Song, Gi Uk Jeong, Youngchan Kwon, Byoungshik Shim, Sunghwa Choe
Summary: The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to significant global impacts, with millions of deaths and economic losses. Rapid and large-scale vaccine production is crucial to combatting COVID-19. Utilizing plant species for inexpensive and efficient vaccine production can help improve global vaccine distribution to resource-limited countries. Through expressing the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a glycoengineered tobacco plant, this study successfully generated a candidate subunit vaccine that induced humoral immunity in mice. These findings lay a strong foundation for further development of plant-expressed RBD antigens as effective, safe, and affordable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, showcasing the potential of plant species in vaccine development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Linkan Dash, Robert E. McEwan, Christian Montes, Ludvin Mejia, Justin W. Walley, Brian P. Dilkes, Dior R. Kelley
Summary: This study identified a novel regulator of plant growth and advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in seedling development, particularly in linking light signaling to auxin-dependent cell elongation. Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of confirming the genetic identity of research material before attributing phenotypes to known mutations sourced from T-YDNA stocks.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caden R. Tuinstra, Zhiwei Luo, Jeffrey Simpson, Brian Dilkes, Clint Chapple
Article
Plant Sciences
Norman B. Best, Brian P. Dilkes
Summary: The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) has different effects on floral development and plant height in maize tassels depending on the developmental context. The study reveals the role of GA signaling and repression in regulating floral development in the presence and absence of excess GA. The study also shows that genotype affects all GA-regulated phenotypes, but there is no correlation between these phenotypes, indicating the complexity of the relationship between GA and development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takeshi Yoshihara, Nathan D. Miller, Fernando A. Rabanal, Hannah Myles, Il-Youp Kwak, Karl W. Broman, Boris Sadkhin, Ivan Baxter, Brian P. Dilkes, Matthew E. Hudson, Edgar P. Spalding
Summary: By conducting large-scale experiments on two plant species, we have discovered four naturally varying components of a conserved process in gravitropism.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Valerian Meline, Denise L. Caldwell, Bong-Suk Kim, Rajdeep S. Khangura, Sriram Baireddy, Changye Yang, Erin E. Sparks, Brian Dilkes, Edward J. Delp, Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
Summary: A major challenge in global crop production is mitigating yield loss due to plant diseases. One of the best strategies to control these losses is through breeding for disease resistance. Image-based, non-destructive measurements of plant morphology after pathogen infection can capture subtle quantitative differences between genotypes and enable the identification of new disease resistance loci. This study on tomato plants infected with a soilborne pathogen found that image-based phenotyping allows earlier detection of disease and identifies new genetic components of resistance compared to human assessment.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexander J. Cummins, C. J. Siler, Jacob M. Olson, Amanpreet Kaur, Adam K. Hamdani, L. Kate Olson, Brian P. Dilkes, Leslie E. Sieburth
Summary: A study on Arabidopsis thaliana found that the BPS1 gene releases a small molecule called dalekin through the root-to-shoot signaling pathway, leading to severe growth arrest in the bps1-2 mutant phenotype in Col-0. Through a natural variant screen, researchers identified a semi-dominant suppressor gene, Apost-1, which partially restored shoot development in bps1 mutant but still overproduced dalekin. The study also identified a paralog of BPS1, BPS2, which is highly conserved in land plants and likely contributes to the suppression of the bps1 mutant phenotype.
Article
Plant Sciences
Norman Best, Brian Dilkes
Summary: The developmental genetics of reproductive structure control in maize involve multiple mechanisms including gibberellin deficiency, jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA) acting independently, and the silkless1 mutant suppressing silks in the ear. The persistence of pistils in the tassel can be induced by JA deficiency, GA excess, genetic control of floral determinacy, and organ identity, while the silkless1 mutant suppresses silk growth in both the ear and tassel. Additionally, the silkless1 mutant exhibits other phenotypes such as weakly penetrant ear fasciation and anther persistence in the ear florets.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Krittikan Chanpaisaeng, Perla C. Reyes-Fernandez, Brian Dilkes, James C. Fleet
Summary: Genetics and dietary calcium both play critical roles in regulating bone mass and microarchitecture, with genetics impacting bone traits significantly and influencing the physiological response of bone to dietary calcium restriction. The study identified novel genetic loci controlling bone mass/microarchitecture and their adaptation to inadequate dietary calcium intake.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeffrey P. Simpson, Cole Wunderlich, Xu Li, Elizabeth Svedin, Brian Dilkes, Clint Chapple
Summary: The study utilized stable isotope labeling, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a computational pipeline to automatically identify metabolites produced from a selected metabolic precursor in Arabidopsis. By retrospectively annotating MS features to the identified metabolome, natural genetic variants responsible for differences in metabolite accumulation were identified. The research highlighted the importance of cataloging a biochemical pathway's products through isotopic labeling across genetic variants in order to uncover metabolites and genes associated with their biosynthesis.