Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Antonino Flachi, Guglielmo Fucci
Summary: This study investigates the derivative expansion coefficients of the one-loop effective action for a non-linear large-NCPN-1 sigma model under high temperature and chemical potential conditions on a finite size interval. The findings suggest that the ground state remains homogeneous in regimes of small or large chemical potential, but lower energy crystalline solutions may exist in regions with intermediate chemical potential and low temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Heba Sayed Mostafa
Summary: Many tannase-based applications have been developed to break down tannins in teas and juices, but none have explored the potential application in reducing tannin levels in Hibiscus sabdariffa tea until now. This study used a D-optimal design to predict optimal conditions for maximizing anthocyanins and decreasing tannin content in Hibiscus tea. The effects of Penicillium commune tannase on physicochemical parameters, alpha-amylase inhibitory action, and catechin content changes were evaluated, showing a decrease in esterified catechins and an increase in non-esterified catechins after tannase treatment.
Article
Immunology
Jack C. Hanna, Victor Corpas-Lopez, Simona Seizova, Beatrice L. Colon, Ross Bacchetti, Grant M. J. Hall, Emma M. Sands, Lee Robinson, Beatriz Baragana, Susan Wyllie, Mattie C. Pawlowic
Summary: Understanding the mode of action of anti-parasitic drugs is crucial for effective treatment. This study identified the molecular target and confirmed its essentiality for parasite survival. Additionally, a second drug selection marker was developed, expanding the range of genetic tools for studying parasite biology.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Stephen O. Duke, Franck E. Dayan
Summary: The demand for new herbicide modes of action has surged due to the evolving resistance of weeds to existing commercial herbicides. Natural products possess many potential new modes of action that have not been utilized by current herbicides, but have yet to be developed for various reasons. Efforts are being made to identify new herbicide targets through pharmaceutical target sites, metabolomic and proteomic information, and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. It is likely that new herbicides with new modes of action will be introduced within the next decade to address herbicide resistance management.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Francesca Ruggieri, Nina Compagne, Kevin Antraygues, Maxime Eveque, Marion Flipo, Nicolas Willand
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health issue causing 5 million deaths per year. To combat this problem, new antibiotics with novel targets or modes of action are needed. Promising compounds such as gepotidacin, zoliflodacin, ibezapolstat, MGB-BP-3, CRS-3123, afabicin, TXA-709, and recently approved lefamulin have shown potential in clinical trials. This review provides information on the chemical synthesis, mode of action, structure-activity relationships, in vitro and in vivo activities, and clinical data of these eight small molecules.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alexandra K. Knox, Christina Kalchschmid, Daniela Schuster, Francesca Gaggia, Ronald Gust
Summary: The compound GW7604, a derivative of (Z)-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, was linked to molecules that bind to the coactivator binding site, resulting in an optimized pharmacological profile. Thioxo-quinazolinone derivative 16 showed high affinity to estrogen receptor beta and acted as a pure estradiol antagonist, demonstrating selective ER degradation/downregulation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Zhao Lei, Jiajing Liu, Yaru Zhao, Fei Liu, Yu Qian, Zhigang Zheng
Summary: A new type of burst-oscillation mode (BOM) is reported for the first time, which exhibits an alternating transition between two distinct phases. The realizable and unrealizable regions for the evolution of BOM are identified, and the key factors influencing the pattern of BOM are discussed. The results may have important implications in related fields.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joost Schimmel, Nuria Munoz-Subirana, Hanneke Kool, Robin van Schendel, Marcel Tijsterman
Summary: The study identifies a crucial role for DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha)-primase in tandem duplication formation at breaks having complementary 3 ' ssDNA protrusions induced by CRISPR/Cas9. This mechanism provides an explanation for a mutational signature abundantly observed in the genomes of species and cancer cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Chaochao Wang, Ke Chen, Na Li, Shuyue Fu, Pan Li, Lusha Ji, Guoyun Liu, Xuekun Wang, Kang Lei
Summary: Twenty-nine novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the aryloxyphenoxypropionate motif to discover new ACCase inhibiting-based herbicides. Compound QPP-7 exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous weeds and showed good crop safety. The structure-activity relationship study indicated the importance of the spatial position of R group and the bulk of R 1 group on quinazolin-4(3H)-one in determining herbicidal activity. The molecular docking study and inhibitory activity against E. crusgalli ACCase enzyme suggested that QPP-7 could serve as a potential lead structure for developing novel ACCase inhibiting-based herbicide.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ibrahim A. Sharaky, Ahmed S. Elamary, Yasir M. Alharthi
Summary: The study revealed that reinforced concrete beams exhibit different responses, load capacities, and failure modes under openings of different positions and dimensions. The transversal near-center openings have the greatest impact on load capacity, while transversal near-support openings and longitudinal holes have smaller effects.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Davide Carcione, Claudia Siracusa, Adela Sulejmani, Valerio Leoni, Jari Intra
Summary: Beta-lactams are important antibiotics, but increasing resistance, especially among Gram-negative bacteria, poses a major threat to public health. Combining beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors can help overcome resistance, but some beta-lactamases are resistant to existing inhibitors, leading to a need for new and more efficient inhibitors.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mosaad M. Ali, Wei Xu, Abdul Khalique Junejo, Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy, Yirong Tang
Summary: A new supertwisting sliding mode direct thrust control scheme is proposed in this article to improve the dynamic response, robustness ability, and overall drive performance of the linear induction machine. The proposed method effectively achieves faster dynamic response, smaller steady state speed tracking error, and lower electromagnetic thrust ripple compared to conventional control methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Zi Wang, Dong-Chang Li, Geng-Ying Chen, Li-En Wang, Shien-Kuei Liaw, Chien-Hung Yeh, Yi-Lin Yu, Hsiou-Hsin Tsai
Summary: A simple, low-cost, single-longitudinal mode, C-band narrow-linewidth optical fiber laser is presented based on the methodology of the Rayleigh backscattering. By adding single-mode fiber and a housing shield, the laser achieves better performance and lower linewidth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nils Goehringer, Bernhard Biersack, Yayi Peng, Rainer Schobert, Marco Herling, Andi Ma, Bianca Nitzsche, Michael Hoepfner
Summary: New chimeric inhibitors targeting EGFR and HDACs showed strong antineoplastic effects on solid cancer and leukemia/lymphoma cell models. They demonstrated target-specific inhibition of EGFR and HDACs, as well as unique induction of apoptosis and antiangiogenic potency. Further investigation is warranted to determine their suitability for new clinical approaches in tumor treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Juergen Borlak, Hans-Christoph Diener, Johanna Kleeberg-Hartmann, Karl Messlinger, Stephen Silberstein
Summary: Butterbur, a medicinal plant, contains petasins which have therapeutic benefits in treating migraine and tension headaches. Research shows that butterbur can reduce inflammation, decrease pain sensitivity, and prevent migraine attacks by regulating ion channels.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)