Article
Virology
Yang Qinhong, Xue Xiaoyan, Zhang Zhenxing, Ming J. Wu, Ji Jia, Wang Wei, Yin Hongbin, Li Suhua, Dai Hongyang, Duan Bofang, Liu Qiang, Song Jianling
Summary: AIV surveillance was conducted in Yunnan, China, during 2020-2021, and four H5N8 AIVs were identified in common cranes. These AIVs belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV and shared high similarity with strains from Hubei, China, and Siberia, Russia. The H5N8 HPAIVs from common cranes exhibited dual-receptor specificity in the HA protein, mutations in PB2, PB1, and PA that may overcome transmission barriers in mammalian hosts, and a long stalk in the NA protein that contributes to adaptation in wild birds. Monitoring AIVs in migratory birds and their habitats could provide insights into potential zoonotic outbreaks.
Article
Microbiology
Liyuan Shi, Jingliang Qin, Hongyuan Zheng, Ying Guo, Haipeng Zhang, Youhong Zhong, Chao Yang, Shanshan Dong, Fengyi Yang, Yarong Wu, Guangyu Zhao, Yajun Song, Ruifu Yang, Peng Wang, Yujun Cui
Summary: A new genotype of Y. pestis, named 1.IN5, was discovered in Yunnan Province, China, which showed low virulence to local rodents. Comparison with high virulence strains from neighboring areas revealed up-regulation of five iron transfer related genes in the low-virulence isolates, suggesting a potential link to the less virulent phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Qingli Fang, Mingyang Li, Haifeng Liu, Kuirong Chen, Yanjie Du, Chongli Wen, Yingyi Wei, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Ying Chen, Weijian Huang
Summary: This study investigated AstV infection in water buffaloes in Guangxi Province of China, revealing a novel species and genetic diversity within BufAstVs. The study also identified genetic recombination between BufAstV and BoAstV strains, shedding light on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmission of AstVs in water buffaloes.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhou Liu, Peter Julius, Guobin Kang, John T. West, Charles Wood
Summary: This study investigated the subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs and found variations in quantity and distribution of proviral copies, primarily detected in secondary lymphoid tissues. Unlike subtype B, subtype C provirus and HIV-1 RNA were rarely detectable in the central nervous system. In addition, HIV-1 RNA was detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues, and the appendix was identified as a potential previously unreported treatment-resistant reservoir for subtype C HIV-1.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi Chen, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Feng, Yuhua Ruan, Jianjun Li, Shuai Tang, Kailing Tang, Shujia Liang, Xianwu Pang, Edward B. McNeil, Hui Xing, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Mei Lin, Guanghua Lan
Summary: The HIV subtype diversity among MSM in Guangxi province is complex, with a variety of subtypes and circulating recombinant forms detected. HIV strains in the samples originated from both local circulating strains and other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Shanghai, indicating the presence of an active sexual network among HIV positive MSM across provinces in China.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pradeep Nagaraja, Bindu P. Gopalan, Reena R. D'Souza, Debolina Sarkar, Niharika Rajnala, Narendra M. Dixit, Anita Shet
Summary: Research on HIV-1 subtype C-infected children in India showed that as children age, their HIV-1 fitness increases. However, the tolerogenic immune environment in young children compromises HIV-1 fitness. Early treatment initiation, when the basic reproductive ratio R-0 is small, is likely to improve viral control.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yang Ting, Shuwen Liang, Shuting Yang, Yihan Lin, Ziqin Dian, Ting Zhao, Hui Su, A-Mei Zhang, Jingying Liu, Baoyang Huang, Yifan Zhang, Xueshan Xia, Binghui Wang, Weihong Qin
Summary: This study investigated 181 HIV-infected female cross-border travelers entering Yunnan province, and found that CRF01_AE was the dominant subtype, with significant differences in subtype distribution compared to intravenous drug users and unknown groups. Genetic distances of subtype B, C, and CRF01_AE strains were close to reference sequences from Yunnan province and Southeast Asian countries.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. McCluskey, Kimia Kamelian, Nicholas Musinguzi, Simone Kigozi, Yap Boum, Mwebesa B. Bwana, Conrad Muzoora, Zabrina L. Brumme, Mary Carrington, Jonathan Carlson, Brian Foley, Peter W. Hunt, Jeffrey N. Martin, David R. Bangsberg, P. Richard Harrigan, Mark J. Siedner, Jessica E. Haberer, Guinevere Q. Lee
Summary: The study found no HIV-1 polymorphisms associated with high levels of DTG resistance in Uganda in the pre-DTG era. Results support widespread implementation of DTG, but suggest careful monitoring of patients on INSTI with virologic failure is warranted.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dorcas Maruapula, Kaelo K. Seatla, Olorato Morerinyane, Kesaobaka Molebatsi, Jennifer Giandhari, Tulio de Oliveira, Rosemary M. Musonda, Melvin Leteane, Sununguko W. Mpoloka, Christopher F. Rowley, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe
Summary: Low-frequency drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were found among cART-naive HIV-positive individuals in Botswana, but these DRMs did not significantly contribute to virological failure (VF).
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wei Tu, Yu-Ye Li, Yi-Qun Kuang, Rong-Hui Xie, Xing-Qi Dong, Dan Zhang, Yan-Ling Ma, Wan-Yue Zhang, Lin Lu
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of STIs among HIV-positive individuals in Yunnan, with multiple infections being common. Risk factors for STIs included female sex, age between 18 and 35 years, history of injecting drugs, homosexual or bisexual status, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART. Many asymptomatic patients may still be diagnosed with STIs through laboratory testing.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ruili Li, Yuxun Gao, Wei Wang, Zengxin Jiao, Bo Rao, Guangxue Liu, Hongjun Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of early HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on gray matter structural covariance networks using graph theoretical analysis. The results showed a decrease in information transfer efficiency in sensory regions and a compensatory increase in the frontal lobe in early HIV+ individuals. HIV+/cART+ individuals exhibited a less specialized regional segregation function but a stronger global integration function in the network.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yidan Wang, Yanling Ma, Qiyu Zhu, Wenyue Xu, Haolan Sun, Dongmin Li, Cong Jin
Summary: This study demonstrates that routine HIV screening in hospitals in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, effectively increased the number of screenings, positive results, and the positive rate of HIV screening, indicating its importance in identifying HIV infections in concentrated epidemic areas.
Article
Virology
Tali Wagner, Neta S. Zuckerman, Tami Halperin, Daniel Chemtob, Itzchak Levy, Daniel Elbirt, Eduardo Shachar, Karen Olshtain-Pops, Hila Elinav, Michal Chowers, Valery Itsomin, Klaris Riesenberg, Marina Wax, Rachel Shirazi, Yael Gozlan, Natasha Matus, Shirley Girshengorn, Rotem Marom, Ella Mendelson, Dan Turner, Orna Mor
Summary: Despite the low prevalence of HIV-1 in Israel, continuous waves of immigration have affected the local epidemic. Immigrants account for a significant portion of HIV-1 cases, with Israeli-born individuals mostly being men who have sex with men, while immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia are primarily people who inject drugs. The proportion of individuals from Sub-Saharan Africa has decreased over time, while those from Eastern Europe and Central Asia have increased significantly.
Article
Microbiology
Kaelo K. Seatla, Dorcas Maruapula, Wonderful T. Choga, Olorato Morerinyane, Shahin Lockman, Vladimir Novitsky, Ishmael Kasvosve, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe
Summary: This study found a high conservation of the HIV-1 nef gene 3'PPT motif in 'real-world' patients, with no differences observed based on VL suppression or INSTI-based cART failure. Future research should explore other HIV-1 regions for associations with DTG failure.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Benjamin M. Wenk, Herbert A. Mbunkah, Ndi N. Nsanwe, Eyongetah T. Mbu, Lydia M. Besong, Bella A. Sama, Emmanuel Orock, Christine Leemann, Karin J. Metzner
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of pretreatment HIV-1 resistance to INSTIs in Cameroon and found a low resistance rate. However, a majority of individuals carried polymorphic accessory INSTI drug resistance mutations, which may require further studies to assess their impact on INSTI-based ART regimens.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)