Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda, Sabela Rodriguez-Lorenzo, Jiji Attia, Jack van Horssen, Maarten E. Witte, Helga E. de Vries
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease where B cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, migrating into the central nervous system through various routes. Understanding the routes of B cell entry into the inflamed CNS is essential for comprehending the disease.
Article
Immunology
Klaus Berek, Angelika Bauer, Dagmar Rudzki, Michael Auer, Robert Barket, Anne Zinganell, Magdalena Lerch, Livia Hofer, Astrid Grams, Paulina Poskaite, Sebastian Wurth, Thomas Berger, Franziska Di Pauli, Florian Deisenhammer, Harald Hegen, Markus Reindl
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of 65 different cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The results showed that 29 cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in the CSF, while 15 were elevated in the serum. Additionally, associations were found between 34 analytes and sex, age, CSF, MRI parameters, and disease progression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and its association with disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jamie K. Wong, Jerry Lin, Nathan J. Kung, Alexandra L. Tse, Serena J. E. Shimshak, Anna K. Roselle, Francesca M. Cali, Jessie Huang, Joseph M. Beaty, Taylor M. Shue, Saud A. Sadiq
Summary: Multiple sclerosis can present as relapsing-remitting or progressive forms. It is unclear whether these forms represent the same disease or distinct entities with similar pathological features. This study provides evidence that primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a unique capacity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to induce motor disability and spinal cord pathology, which can be attenuated by removing immunoglobulin G from the CSF. Injection of recombinant antibodies derived from primary progressive multiple sclerosis CSF reproduces the pathology, suggesting an antibody-mediated and distinct pathogenic mechanism for this form of the disease. These findings have important implications for developing targeted therapies for primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Matteo Lucchini, Valeria De Arcangelis, Geny Piro, Viviana Nociti, Assunta Bianco, Chiara De Fino, Gabriele Di Sante, Francesco Ria, Paolo Calabresi, Massimiliano Mirabella
Summary: This study assessed the concentration of several biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and investigated their diagnostic and prognostic significance. The results showed that higher CSF levels of CHI3L1 and CXCL13 were associated with a higher risk of relapse, MRI activity, and overall disease activity in MS patients. These findings suggest that CSF CHI3L1 and CXCL13 levels can serve as good prognostic biomarkers in MS patients and aid in treatment decisions. The study also found differences in CSF BAFF and APRIL levels between different phases of MS, indicating the modulation of B-cells pathways vary in different disease stages.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Kasra Honarmand, Mohammad Taheri
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system caused by abnormal immune responses. Chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS, with several members of this family being dysregulated in MS patients' peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or CNS lesions. Studies in animal models have shown the critical roles of chemokines in the pathophysiology of MS.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michal Zido, David Kacer, Karel Vales, Zuzana Svobodova, Denisa Zimova, Ivana Stetkarova
Summary: This study analyzed the metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS after the first attack and healthy controls, finding significant differences in levels of amino and fatty acids between the groups. The changes in levels of arginine, histidine, and palmitic acid in the patient group may predict inflammatory disease activity, serving as potential biomarkers for MS. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria L. Elkjaer, Arkadiusz Nawrocki, Tim Kacprowski, Pernille Lassen, Anja Hviid Simonsen, Romain Marignier, Tobias Sejbaek, Helle H. Nielsen, Lene Wermuth, Alyaa Yakut Rashid, Peter Hogh, Finn Sellebjerg, Richard Reynolds, Jan Baumbach, Martin R. Larsen, Zsolt Illes
Summary: Using proteomic approaches, 8 proteins were found to differentiate multiple sclerosis subtypes, with secondary progressive MS showing the largest difference from controls. The genes of these proteins were also present in MS brain lesions, suggesting potential biomarkers for differentiation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sara Guerrero, Esther Sanchez-Tirado, Lourdes Agui, Araceli Gonzalez-Cortes, Paloma Yanez-Sedeno, Jose M. Pingarron
Summary: This paper reports an electrochemical immunoplatform for rapid detection of CCL5 chemokine in multiple sclerosis patients, showing excellent analytical performance and low detection limit.
Article
Optics
Ming Xu
Summary: In recent years, the demand for image encryption algorithms with sufficient capacity and high efficiency has increased due to the rise of remote working and studying. This paper proposes a multiple-image encryption algorithm based on orthogonal arrays with strength 3, which combines orthogonal arrays and chaotic maps to efficiently encrypt multiple images. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm has the ability to resist common attacks, with average values of information entropy, PSNR, MSD, NPCR, and UACI indicating its effectiveness.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Antonio Scollato, Francesco Lolli, Giancarlo Lastrucci, Anna Repice, Giuseppe De Santis, Claudio Nicoletti, Berardino Porfirio, Pasquale Gallina
Summary: Derangement of CSF circulation affects the glymphatic-lymphatic system (G-Ls), leading to impaired waste molecule clearance in the brain and altered immune responses in the CNS. Patients with dilated perivascular spaces transiently improved after CSF shunt diversions, suggesting a potential link between CSF dynamics and neurodegenerative processes.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ivan L. Salazar, Ana S. T. Lourenco, Bruno Manadas, Ines Baldeiras, Claudia Ferreira, Anabela Claro Teixeira, Vera M. Mendes, Ana Margarida Novo, Rita Machado, Sonia Batista, Maria do Carmo Macario, Mario Graos, Livia Sousa, Maria Joao Saraiva, Alberto A. C. C. Pais, Carlos B. Duarte
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which lacks a clear diagnosis method. Therefore, finding reliable biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Aurora Zanghi, Virginia Manuti, Gaetano Serviddio, Emanuele D'Amico, Carlo Avolio
Summary: This study aimed to compare the expression levels of miRNA 21-5p, miRNA 106a-5p, miRNA 146a-5p, and miRNA223-3p in cell-free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between RRMS patients and patients with other neurological disorders (OND), and to explore their potential as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. The results showed that miRNA 106a-5p had higher levels in RRMS patients and could be considered as a biomarker for diagnosing multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Silvan Pless, Tim Woelfle, Yvonne Naegelin, Johannes Lorscheider, Andrea Wiencierz, Oscar Reyes, Pasquale Calabrese, Ludwig Kappos
Summary: This study developed a smartphone app called dreaMS that includes ten cognitive games for assessing cognitive impairment in MS patients. Participants, including both patients and healthy controls, played these games twice a week for 5 weeks and provided feedback on the feasibility and acceptance of the games through a questionnaire. The results showed moderate to strong correlations between the game performance measures and the reference tests, improvement in game performance over time, and high ratings of enjoyment and meaningfulness.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tim Woelfle, Silvan Pless, Oscar Reyes, Andrea Wiencierz, Anthony Feinstein, Pasquale Calabrese, Konstantin Gugleta, Ludwig Kappos, Johannes Lorscheider, Yvonne Naegelin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the reliability and meaningfulness of tests conducted through a smartphone application for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The results showed that the tested features were reliable and meaningful to PwMS. However, further research is needed to validate these measures as digital biomarkers in PwMS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin Vlad, Stephan Neidhart, Marc Hilty, Mario Ziegler, Ilijas Jelcic
Summary: This study analyzed the CSF parameters of 27 patients with neurosarcoidosis and 138 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and found that CSF white cell count, CSF/serum albumin quotient, CSF lactate levels, and IL-2R levels can help distinguish neurosarcoidosis from MS.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)