Review
Neurosciences
Basharat Hussain, Cheng Fang, Junlei Chang
Summary: The review discusses the crucial role of the blood-brain barrier in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of neural tissue and the associated BBB breakdown with normal aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. It also covers dementia such as AD and VaD, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB disruption correlated with cognitive decline. The study suggests that BBB breakdown could serve as an emerging biomarker to assist in diagnosing cognitive impairment associated with normal aging and dementia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Lijuan Huo, Zhiwei Zheng, Xiaobing Lu, Fengchun Wu, Yuping Ning, Xiang Yang Zhang
Summary: The study found that older patients with schizophrenia have lower BDNF levels and more cognitive deficits than older controls, supporting the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia. Additionally, decreased BDNF is related to attention deficits, suggesting that BDNF could be a potential biomarker for cognitive impairments in LLS patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yan Qiu, Sujuan Li, Ziwei Teng, Yuxi Tan, Xuelei Xu, Min Yang, Ziru Zhao, Jieyu Liu, Hui Tang, Hui Xiang, Jindong Chen, Bolun Wang, Haishan Wu
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between conventional glycolipid metabolism indicators and cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed that patients with BD had lower cognitive function scores compared to healthy controls and higher triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. Regression analysis also found significant correlations between TG levels and cognitive function. The study suggests that improving glycolipid metabolism may help improve specific domain-specific cognitive functions in BD patients.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yutaka Inoue, Lianne Cormanes, Kana Yoshimura, Aiko Sano, Yumiko Hori, Ryuichiro Suzuki, Ikuo Kanamoto
Summary: This study investigated the impact of consuming apples on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in individuals with normal versus impaired glucose tolerance. The findings suggest that consuming an apple before a meal can help regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in both normal individuals and those with impaired glucose tolerance.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Farah C. Alimagham, Dan Hutter, Nuria Marco-Garcia, Emma Gould, Victoria H. Highland, Anna Huefner, Susan Giorgi-Coll, Monica J. Killen, Agnieszka P. Zakrzewska, Stephen R. Elliott, Keri L. H. Carpenter, Peter J. Hutchinson, Tanya Hutter
Summary: Continuous monitoring of dynamic chemical changes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is crucial for improved outcomes. Traditional offline hourly monitoring may miss subhourly neurochemical changes, while mid-infrared spectroscopy offers the potential for continuous, automated, reagent-free, and online monitoring of these changes.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nadejda Bozadjieva Kramer, Camila Lubaczeuski, Manuel Blandino-Rosano, Grant Barker, George K. Gittes, Alejandro Caicedo, Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
Summary: The elevation of glucagon levels and increase in alpha-cell mass in diabetes are associated with states of hyperglycemia. Activating nutrient signaling by conditional deletion of the mTORC1 inhibitor, TSC2, in alpha-cells can induce chronic hyperglucagonemia, leading to improvements in glucose homeostasis through glucagon resistance in the liver. The resistance is characterized by reduced expression of glucagon receptor (GCGR), PEPCK, and genes involved in amino acid metabolism and urea production.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nurul Sulimai, Jason Brown, David Lominadze
Summary: Neurons and glial cells in the brain are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Local regulation of blood flow in the brain is determined by neurons and astrocytes. Changes in cerebral vessels, particularly in cerebrovascular permeability, play a crucial role in the development and progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in memory decline.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Weihua Li, Runtian Li, Shaozhen Yan, Zhilian Zhao, Yi Shan, Zhigang Qi, Jie Lu
Summary: The study found a differential effect of APOE epsilon 4 on A beta pathology, glucose metabolism, and GM volume, with APOE epsilon 4 carriers showing a more significant impact in aMCI patients as changes in A beta deposition were studied.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Weihua Li, Runtian Li, Shaozhen Yan, Zhilian Zhao, Yi Shan, Zhigang Qi, Jie Lu
Summary: This study assessed the effects of APOE e4 on Aβ pathology, glucose metabolism, and GM volume. APOE e4 carriers showed greater baseline Aβ deposition and more significant longitudinal changes in Aβ deposition compared to noncarriers. Understanding the impact of APOE e4 on brain changes in preclinical AD is important for understanding the pathophysiology of AD at an early stage.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jiale Cheng, Xin Zhang, Hao Ni, Chenyang Li, Xiangmin Xu, Zhengwang Wu, Li Wang, Weili Lin, Gang Li
Summary: Studies have shown a strong connection between cognition skills and brain morphology during infancy. However, predicting individual cognitive scores using brain morphological features is challenging due to issues like high dimensionality, small sample size, and missing data. In this study, a novel neural network model called CF-PSNet is proposed to predict cognitive scores by exploring the hidden dynamic patterns of cortical features. The model leverages a compact feature set, handles missing data robustly, and selects influential brain regions. Experimental results on an infant dataset demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of CF-PSNet.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sangeetha Merrin Varghese, Niva Joy, Anulekha Mary John, Geomcy George, George Mateethra Chandy, Anoop Ivan Benjamin
Summary: This study found a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients, with significantly lower performance in attention, memory, language, and visuospatial domains. Hypertension and macrovascular diseases were significantly associated with cognitive impairment, and higher blood glucose levels and longer duration of diabetes were also related to cognitive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kimberly M. Alonge, David A. D'Alessio, Michael W. Schwartz
Summary: The authors have identified a typographical error.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aleksi Vanninen, Madoka Nakajima, Masakazu Miyajima, Tuomas Rauramaa, Merja Kokki, Tadeusz Musialowicz, Petra M. Makinen, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Anne M. Koivisto, Juha E. Jaaskelainen, Mikko Hiltunen, Ville Leinonen
Summary: The study found that CSF LRG levels were significantly elevated in iNPH patients, potentially aiding in the diagnosis of iNPH but not correlating with shunt response. Additionally, AD biomarkers in the CSF of iNPH patients were systematically lower compared to controls, indicating a need for specific reference values for comorbid AD pathology diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Luca Kleineidam, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Anne-Sophie Weyrauch, Linn E. Zulka, Simon Forstmeier, Sandra Roeske, Hendrik van den Bussche, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Birgitt Wiese, Siegfried Weyerer, Jochen Werle, Angela Fuchs, Michael Pentzek, Christian Brettschneider, Hans-Helmut Konig, Dagmar Weeg, Horst Bickel, Melanie Luppa, Francisca S. Rodriguez, Silka Dawn Freiesleben, Selin Erdogan, Chantal Unterfeld, Oliver Peters, Eike J. Spruth, Slawek Altenstein, Andrea Lohse, Josef Priller, Klaus Fliessbach, Xenia Kobeleva, Anja Schneider, Claudia Bartels, Bjoern H. Schott, Jens Wiltfang, Franziska Maier, Wenzel Glanz, Enise I. Incesoy, Michaela Butryn, Emrah Duezel, Katharina Buerger, Daniel Janowitz, Michael Ewers, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Robert Perneczky, Ingo Kilimann, Doreen Goerss, Stefan Teipel, Christoph Laske, Matthias H. J. Munk, Annika Spottke, Nina Roy, Frederic Brosseron, Michael T. Heneka, Alfredo Ramirez, Renat Yakupov, Martin Scherer, Wolfgang Maier, Frank Jessen, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Michael Wagner
Summary: This study explores the relationship between occupation, cognitive abilities, and brain health throughout a person's lifetime. It suggests that engaging in complex and stimulating work environments can enhance the resistance to pathological changes and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
John G. Eley, Catherine W. Haga, Asaf Keller, Ellis M. Lazenby, Charles Raver, Adam Rusek, Farrokh Avraham Dilmanian, Sunil Krishnan, Jaylyn Waddell
Summary: This study investigated cognitive impairments and pathologic changes in normal rodent brain after partial-brain minibeam irradiation with heavy ions. The results showed both solid-beam therapy and minibeam therapy resulted in cognitive impairment compared to controls, with no apparent reduction in neurotoxicity observed with heavy ion minibeams.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Willem S. Eikelboom, Jana Koch, Elizabeth Beattie, Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Colleen Doyle, Esther van den Berg, Janne M. Papma, Kaarin J. Anstey, Moyra E. Mortby
Summary: This study analyzed electronic care notes from residential aged care facilities to investigate the reporting and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) by staff. The findings suggest that staff primarily focus on and respond to NPS they perceive as distressing, potentially leading to under-recognition of specific NPS types and a lack of routine assessment and management of underlying causes.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarang Kim, Kaarin J. Anstey, Moyra E. Mortby
Summary: The study finds that there is a lack of knowledge about dementia among the general population, with a mixed understanding of dementia being prevalent. Older age groups, individuals who know someone with dementia, those who speak a non-English language at home, and those who have a better understanding of dementia show higher levels of negative cognitive attributions towards dementia. Older age groups, men, individuals who do not know someone with dementia, and those who speak a non-English language at home also report higher levels of discriminatory behavioral reactions compared to younger age groups, females, individuals who know someone with dementia, and those who speak English only at home.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kim M. Kiely, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Fiona M. Blyth, Vasikaran Naganathan, David J. Handelsman, Louise M. Waite, David G. Le Couteur, Moyra E. Mortby, Robert G. Cumming, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between self-reported hearing difficulties and future risk of falling among older adults. The findings from the two Australian cohorts showed mixed results, suggesting that self-reported hearing difficulties may be predictive of falls in some cases but not in others.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Craig Sinclair, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Nicolas Cherbuin, Moyra E. Mortby, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study investigated the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on decision-making under explicit risk conditions among older adults. The results showed that participants with MCI exhibited impaired performance on the decision-making task, and those with impairments in multiple cognitive domains showed the clearest impairments.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah A. Grainger, John D. Crawford, Julia C. Riches, Nicole A. Kochan, Russell J. Chander, Karen A. Mather, Perminder S. Sachdev, Julie D. Henry
Summary: This study provides the first assessment of all 4 social cognitive domains in an adult life-span sample and found that normal adult aging is associated with multidirectional changes in social cognition. Theory of mind and social perception show nonlinear decline across much of the life-span, while affective empathy and social behavior improve. Age remains a significant predictor of all 4 social cognitive domains, even after accounting for broader cognitive function.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. McMaster, S. Kim, L. Clare, S. J. Torres, N. Cherbuin, K. J. Anstey
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention. The intervention demonstrated high acceptability, compliance, and efficacy in changing behavior.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Thanwarat Chantanachai, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Jasmine Menant, Kim Delbaere, Perminder S. Sachdev, Henry Brodaty, Peter Humburg, Morag E. Taylor
Summary: This study examined longitudinal changes in cognitive and physical function, as well as the associations between these changes and falls in people with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results showed that the MCI and cognitively fluctuating groups experienced declines in cognitive function, while the cognitively normal group did not. The MCI group had worse physical function at baseline but similar decline over time compared to other groups. Decline in global cognitive function and sensorimotor performance were associated with multiple falls in the cognitively normal group, and decline in mobility was associated with falls in the entire sample. Therefore, exercise should be recommended for maintaining physical function in older adults, and interventions aimed at mitigating cognitive decline should be encouraged for people with MCI.
INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Catherine A. Browning, Claire L. Thompson, Nicole A. Kochan, Henry Brodaty, Perminder S. Sachdev, Julie D. Henry
Summary: This study examined whether prospective memory (PM) could serve as an early cognitive marker of future cognitive decline and incident dementia. The results showed that decreased PM accuracy and missed PM responses were associated with cognitive decline over 8 years and risk of incident dementia over 4 years. The effects remained significant even after controlling for baseline cognition and were strongest for event-based and regular PM tasks. These findings suggest that PM tasks could be useful in clinical assessments.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Brooke Brady, Shally Zhou, Daniel Ashworth, Lidan Zheng, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Md Hamidul Huque, Kaarin Jane Anstey
Summary: This study describes the research design and methods of the Labs Without Walls study conducted in Australia. The study utilizes a research app named Labs Without Walls and paired smartwatches to collect complex data, including one-time surveys, daily diary surveys, repeated game-like cognitive and sensory tasks, and passive health and environmental data. Participants will undergo an 8-week study and evaluate the acceptability and usability of the app and watch.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Matthew J. Lennon, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Ben Chun Pan Lam, John D. Crawford, Perminder S. Sachdev
Summary: This UK Biobank study found that genetic propensity for high and low blood pressure impacts midlife cognition in subtle ways, affecting cognitive domains differently. While a genetic propensity to low blood pressure may preserve nontimed tests in midlife, it may come at a trade-off with worsened attention scores and reaction time.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah P. Coundouris, Sylvain Hohn, Anup Basu, Uwe Dulleck, Julie D. Henry, Nicolas Cherbuin
Summary: Age-related decline in executive functioning negatively affects financial decision making. This study examines the impact of both individual's and partner's cognitive functioning on financial competency. The results show that one's own executive functioning predicts financial decision-making capacity, while perceiving greater cognitive decline in the spouse predicts greater financial competency for females.
Article
Clinical Neurology
S. Kootar, M. H. Huque, R. Eramudugolla, D. Rizzuto, M. C. Carlson, M. C. Odden, O. L. Lopez, C. Qiu, L. Fratiglioni, S. D. Han, D. A. Bennett, R. Peters, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study aimed to validate a new dementia prediction risk tool called CogDrisk and a version, CogDrisk-AD for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) using cohort studies. The results showed that both tools performed well in the four studies and can be used to assess individualized risk factors of dementia and AD in various population settings.
JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fleur Harrison, Moyra E. Mortby, Karen A. Mather, Perminder S. Sachdev, Henry Brodaty
Summary: This study found that apathy may be associated with reduced physical activity and alcohol use, as well as one or multiple behavioral risk factors, while the relationship between depression or fatigue and health behaviors is unclear or inconsistent.
ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING
(2023)
