Article
Immunology
Yonghong Liu, Shirin Strohmeier, Irene Gonzalez-Dominguez, Jessica Tan, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Weina Sun
Summary: By generating and sequentially vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza B viruses displaying mosaic HAs, researchers have successfully induced long-lasting and cross-protective antibody responses. These findings represent a significant step towards the development of a universal influenza B virus vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eve Victoria Singleton, Chloe Jayne Gates, Shannon Christa David, Timothy Raymond Hirst, Justin Bryan Davies, Mohammed Alsharifi
Summary: In this study, the immunogenicity of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine under different temperature conditions was compared, and it was found that regardless of temperature, the structural integrity and vaccine efficacy were well maintained. Interestingly, using higher temperature and lower radiation dose seemed to induce stronger immune responses. This suggests that simplifying irradiation protocols to manufacture effective irradiated vaccines may be possible.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Richard I. Walker, A. Louis Bourgeois
Summary: Oral immunization is an effective strategy against mucosal enteric pathogens. Inactivated whole bacterial cells can also induce protective immunity. Developing a safe and simple delivery format with controlled immunogenic amounts of complex antigens is essential. Enhancing the efficacy of whole cell vaccines can be achieved through genetic engineering and the use of mucosal adjuvants. The development of ETVAX, a vaccine candidate against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chimuka Handabile, Toshiki Sekiya, Naoki Nomura, Marumi Ohno, Tomomi Kawakita, Masashi Shingai, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: Despite the use of vaccines, seasonal influenza remains a risk to public health. A study compared the immunological potency of a inactivated whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) and a split vaccine (SV) and found that WPV induced higher levels of antibodies against heterologous influenza viruses, providing better protection. Specifically, WPV induced neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) antibodies that recognized NA of divergent strains, contributing to its effectiveness in protecting against infection from heterologous influenza viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meito Shibuya, Shigeyuki Tamiya, Atsushi Kawai, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The study examines the use of different vaccination routes for priming and boosting to achieve protection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Results show that intranasal priming followed by subcutaneous boosting induces both virus-specific IgG in plasma and IgA in nasal washes, providing protection against virus challenge in both regions.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Changrui Lu, Yuntao Zhang, Xiaohu Liu, Fujun Hou, Rujie Cai, Zhibin Yu, Fei Liu, Guohuan Yang, Jun Ding, Jiang Xu, Xianwu Hua, Xinhua Cheng, Xinping Pan, Lianxiao Liu, Kang Lin, Zejun Wang, Xinguo Li, Jia Lu, Qiu Zhang, Yuwei Li, Chunxia Hu, Huifen Fan, Xiaoke Liu, Hui Wang, Rui Jia, Fangjingwei Xu, Xuewei Wang, Hongwei Huang, Ronghua Zhao, Jing Li, Hang Cheng, William Jia, Xiaoming Yang
Summary: This study characterizes two mRNA vaccines, ZSVG-02 (Delta) and ZSVG-02-O (Omicron BA.1), and evaluates their efficacy in combination with a heterologous prime-boost strategy following administration of an inactivated whole-virus vaccine (BBIBP-CorV). The results show that ZSVG-02-O induces neutralizing antibodies that effectively cross-react with Omicron subvariants. The study also demonstrates that a heterologous prime-boost regimen provides superior protection against Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants compared to a single-boost approach.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Masashi Shingai, Naoki Nomura, Toshiki Sekiya, Marumi Ohno, Daisuke Fujikura, Chimuka Handabile, Ryosuke Omori, Yuki Ohara, Tomohiro Nishimura, Masafumi Endo, Kazuhiko Kimachi, Ryotarou Mitsumata, Tomio Ikeda, Hiroki Kitayama, Hironori Hatanaka, Tomoyoshi Sobue, Fumihito Muro, Saori Suzuki, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Hirohito Ishigaki, Misako Nakayama, Yuya Mori, Yasushi Itoh, Marios Koutsakos, Brendon Y. Chua, Lorena E. Brown, David C. Jackson, Katherine Kedzierska, Kazumasa Ogasawara, Yoichiro Kino, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: The study showed that whole virus particle vaccines (WPVs) are more effective in priming immune responses and inducing innate immune responses compared to split vaccines (SVs), making them a potential alternative for seasonal influenza vaccines, especially for children.
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Lauren Fischer, Dan O'Brien, Joe Vasey, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-propagated inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) versus egg-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (eIIV4) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in the 2018-2019 US season. The results showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters in individuals vaccinated with ccIIV4 compared to eIIV4, supporting ccIIV4 as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Noopur Bhatnagar, Ki-Hye Kim, Jeeva Subbiah, Sakinah Muhammad-Worsham, Bo Ryoung Park, Rong Liu, Phillip Grovenstein, Bao-Zhong Wang, Sang-Moo Kang
Summary: The study suggests that heterologous prime-boost influenza vaccination strategy is more effective in inducing broader protective immunity compared to repeated vaccination with the same antigen, by increasing strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition titers and high levels of IgG antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Yuzhuo Liu, Dongmin Zhao, Jingfeng Zhang, Xinmei Huang, Kaikai Han, Qingtao Liu, Jing Yang, Lijiao Zhang, Yin Li
Summary: Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is a widespread and economically damaging virus in the global poultry industry. A study developed an inactivated H9N2 vaccine based on a duck-origin AIV and found that it effectively elicited antibodies in both chickens and ducks. The vaccine also provided protection against homogenous and heterologous H9N2 viruses and was efficacious in field conditions. The study concluded that this inactivated H9N2 vaccine is highly favorable for the prevention of H9N2 in both chickens and ducks.
Article
Immunology
Zhaozhen Liu, Can Pang, Yuchuan Deng, Caiping Guo, Jia Li, Yanping Li, Ruolei Xin, Xiyao Li, Conghui Xu, Chun Huang, Hongyan Lu, Jie Li
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and found that HIV-infected individuals had weaker immune responses, especially those with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3.
Article
Immunology
Eugene Athan, James Baber, Karen Quan, Robert J. Scott, Anna Jaques, Qin Jiang, Wen Li, David Cooper, Mark W. Cutler, Elena Kalinina, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Kena A. Swanson, William C. Gruber, Alejandra Gurtman, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Summary: This study demonstrates the noninferiority of immune responses with coadministration of RSVpreF and SIIV in an older-adult population, and shows that the coadministration has an acceptable safety and tolerability profile.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ann R. Falsey, Edward E. Walsh, Daniel A. Scott, Alejandra Gurtman, Agnieszka Zareba, Kathrin U. Jansen, William C. Gruber, Philip R. Dormitzer, Kena A. Swanson, Qin Jiang, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Summary: The safety and immunogenicity of an investigational bivalent prefusion F vaccine (RSVpreF) was assessed in healthy adults, with positive results in older adults, supporting its potential to protect against RSV disease.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhihao Sun, Qiuxia Wang, Gang Li, Jingzhi Li, Sujuan Chen, Tao Qin, Hongwei Ma, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu
Summary: The study successfully identified a specific epitope H7-12 peptide for H7N9 AIV and evaluated the protection and serological DIVA characteristics of the recombinant H7N9 AIV strain. The recombinant H7N9 AIV strain JD-cHA/17 showed good protection against H7N9 AIV challenge and could be detected using a specific peptide chip for DIVA testing.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marumi Ohno, Masataka Sagata, Toshiki Sekiya, Naoki Nomura, Masashi Shingai, Masafumi Endo, Kazuhiko Kimachi, Saori Suzuki, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Misako Nakayama, Hirohito Ishigaki, Kazumasa Ogasawara, Yasushi Itoh, Yoichiro Kino, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: Among inactivated influenza vaccines, whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) shows better ability in inducing humoral and cellular immunity compared to split virus vaccine (SV). However, there are concerns about the potential adverse reactions, such as fever, caused by WPV due to its strong immunogenicity. This study investigated the febrile response induced by subcutaneous injection with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in cynomolgus macaques and found that WPV caused an increase in body temperature at the first vaccination but not at the second shot, while SV did not affect body temperature at both points.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Les Jones, Hemant K. Naikare, Yung-Yi C. Mosley, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: The study aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assay for the detection of the novel coronavirus and its variants. The researchers successfully designed a fluorescence-quenched reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, which can detect the virus in clinical samples within a short time and has high sensitivity and specificity.
Review
Virology
Ralph A. Tripp, David E. Martin
Summary: Viral replication and transmissibility are the main causes of endemic and pandemic disease threats. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents are needed. The most common respiratory viruses are coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza viruses. Probenecid has been shown to be safe and effective in limiting the replication of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2, as well as inhibiting RSV replication in vitro and in vivo.
Article
Virology
Jackelyn Murray, Harrison C. Bergeron, Les P. Jones, Zachary Beau Reener, David E. Martin, Fred D. Sancilio, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of probenecid, an FDA-approved drug, in inhibiting RSV replication. The results showed that nanomolar concentrations of probenecid prevented RSV replication in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic and chemotherapeutic agent for RSV.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Brendan T. Freitas, Daniil A. Ahiadorme, Rahul S. Bagul, Ian A. Durie, Samir Ghosh, Jarvis Hill, Naomi E. Kramer, Jackelyn Murray, Brady M. O'Boyle, Emmanuel Onobun, Michael G. Pirrone, Justin D. Shepard, Suzanne Enos, Yagya P. Subedi, Kapil Upadhyaya, Ralph A. Tripp, Brian S. Cummings, David Crich, Scott D. Pegan
Summary: In the past 20 years, both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have caused zoonotic outbreaks in humans. The PLpro enzyme from a subgroup 2b bat coronavirus has been studied to identify structural features and substrate specificity. Based on this, 30 novel noncovalent inhibitors for subgroup 2b PLpro enzymes were designed, providing new directions for antiviral development against this group of coronaviruses.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nuha Milad Ashtiwi, Demba Sarr, Tamas Nagy, Z. Beau Reneer, Ralph A. Tripp, Balazs Rada
Summary: The combination treatment of OSCN- and AMT shows potential in curing lethal influenza virus infection. Monotherapy with OSCN- or AMT alone does not substantially improve survival outcomes, but the combination treatment significantly inhibits viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Avik Banerjee, Jiachen Huang, Scott A. Rush, Jackelyn Murray, Aaron D. Gingerich, Fredejah Royer, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Ralph A. Tripp, Jason S. McLellan, Jarrod J. Mousa
Summary: This study identified immunodominant antigenic epitopes on the hMPV F protein and identified a monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for hMPV F disease prevention and treatment. Additionally, a prefusion-specific epitope on the hMPV F protein was discovered.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Virology
Harrison C. Bergeron, Jackelyn Murray, Aakash Arora, Ana M. Nunez M. Castrejon, Rebecca M. DuBois, Larry J. Anderson, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory disease in infants and elderly. Current immune prophylaxis is limited to anti-RSV fusion (F) protein monoclonal antibody (mAb). However, mAbs targeting the attachment (G) protein are necessary to prevent aberrant pathogenic responses. Two high-affinity anti-G protein mAbs, 3D3 and 2D10, have been identified as effective in neutralizing RSV and reducing disease. This study compares the neutralization and immune responses of 3D3, 2D10, and palivizumab in a mouse model of RSV infection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Euna Oh, Seung Joon Choi, Sumin Han, Kyu Hyoung Lee, Hyo-Jick Choi
Summary: This study aims to improve the efficiency of alcohol-based disinfectants by adding a physical pathogen inactivation mechanism through salt recrystallization, preventing the emergence of alcohol tolerance. The experiment showed that additional salt crystallization facilitated stronger biocidal effects compared to alcohol-only formulations, regardless of the types of solid surfaces and pathogens.
Review
Immunology
Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Influenza virus constantly changes, making it difficult to develop immunity through vaccination. Efforts are being made to develop universal vaccines that can protect against various strains of influenza viruses. Understanding the host immune response is crucial for vaccine development.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2023)
Article
Virology
David E. Martin, Neelam Pandey, Purvi Chavda, Gurpreet Singh, Rakesh Sutariya, Frederic Sancilio, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study suggests that treating symptomatic mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients with probenecid can significantly decrease the time to viral clearance and result in a higher proportion of complete symptom resolution by day 10.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sumin Han, Panjae Lee, Hyo-Jick Choi
Summary: Non-invasive vaccines have gained attention due to the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines. Various approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, but each faces challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. Researchers have developed novel supplementary materials and delivery systems to overcome these limitations and this review article aims to provide up-to-date information and guide future research and development efforts in vaccine formulation for non-invasive vaccines.
Review
Microbiology
Harrison C. Bergeron, Matthew R. Hansen, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This review examines the roles and functions of type I, II, and III IFN responses to respiratory virus infections, as well as the specific IFN responses underlying immunity and protection from disease.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Harrison C. Bergeron, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study investigates how monoclonal antibodies against the RSV F and G proteins modify the type I and III IFN responses to RSV infection. The findings reveal that an anti-G protein monoclonal antibody improves the protective early antiviral response, which has important implications for vaccine and therapeutic design. This research provides insights into the role of G protein antibodies in improving IFN responses against RSV disease.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ralph A. Tripp, David E. Martin
Summary: In the early stages of drug discovery, assays are developed to evaluate the effectiveness of new and known molecular entities, primarily targeting specific features within the virus. However, screening efforts often prioritize finding active antiviral drugs against known viral targets, overlooking drugs that inhibit virus replication by targeting host genes or pathways.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sumin Han, Euna Oh, Erin Keltie, Jong Sung Kim, Hyo-Jick Choi
Summary: Developing highly effective and low-cost methods to protect against direct transmission of respiratory diseases is a major challenge during pandemic outbreaks. Current filtration in respirators and masks raises safety concerns. Reusability of masks has gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our group has developed antimicrobial coating technologies for respiratory devices and focuses on salt-coated polypropylene fibers.
ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2022)