Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenyu Zou, Bingkun Liu, Yulu Wang, Fangbin Shi, Shuguang Pang
Summary: This study found that metformin stimulates the proliferation of pancreatic islet endothelial cells and inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by high glucose levels. By activating the FXR/VEGF-A/eNOS pathway, metformin increases the expression of VEGF-A and eNOS, improves nitric oxide production, and decreases ROS production. These findings provide a new mechanism underlying the islet-protective effect of metformin.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Limin Wu, Mohammad R. Islam, Janice Lee, Hajime Takase, Shuzhen Guo, Allison M. Andrews, Tetyana P. Buzhdygan, Justin Mathew, Wenlu Li, Ken Arai, Eng H. Lo, Servio H. Ramirez, Josephine Lok
Summary: Neuregulin-1/ErbB3 signaling is intricately connected with cytoskeletal processes of brain endothelium, contributing to morphological and angiogenic changes as well as BBB integrity.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca Schmitt, Sana Qayum, Artem Pliss, Andrey N. Kuzmin, Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah, Kathiravan Kaliyappan, Paras N. Prasad, Supriya D. Mahajan
Summary: Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is an important factor in traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to prolonged neurological deficits and increased mortality risk in TBI patients. However, the role of endothelium in BBB breakdown has not been adequately studied. This study investigates TBI-induced changes in brain endothelium at the subcellular level, particularly focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. The findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction in brain endothelial cells is a crucial component of BBB breakdown and TBI progression.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wen Zeng, Qiaoling Lei, Jiao Ma, Shuqiang Gao, Rong Ju
Summary: This study investigated the biological effects of EPC-derived MVs on BMECs, showing that EPC-MVs can enhance BMEC viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These results suggest the proangiogenic effect of EPC-derived MVs on BMECs, which holds potential applications in cell-free therapy for brain injury.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qixin Shi, Shaohua Li, Qiang Lyu, Shuai Zhang, Yungang Bai, Jin Ma
Summary: Hypoxia impairs the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to pathophysiological changes in stroke and high-altitude brain edema. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are important elements of the BBB, but their role in hypoxia is still unknown. This study found that hypoxia inhibits BMEC cell cycle progression and proliferation, and downregulates the expression of minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (Mcm2). Overexpression of Mcm2 attenuates the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on cell cycle progression and proliferation. The miRNA miR-212-3p is identified as an important regulator of Mcm2 in hypoxia, and its inhibition can rescue the effects of hypoxia on BMECs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Max A. Winkelman, Guohao Dai
Summary: Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells. This study developed perfused brain microvascular networks (BMVNs) composed of primary human brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes in microfluidic devices, and demonstrated that introducing induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs into BMVNs enhanced NPC survival, neurogenesis, and maturation. The application of flow during BMVN coculture also promoted neuron differentiation.
Review
Immunology
Natalia Kunz, Claudia Kemper
Summary: The intracellular complosome is a central regulator of human immune cell activity, with reduced activity leading to defects in immune cell metabolism and potential neurological issues. The cooperation between the complosome, cell metabolism, and IFN-gamma may play a role in regulating both organismal behavior and immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Farzane Sivandzade, Faleh Alqahtani, Luca Cucullo
Summary: Chronic tobacco smoking exacerbates traumatic endothelial injury, reduces BBB endothelial cell viability, increases oxidative stress and inflammation, and potentially leads to severe neurological impairments.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luke S. Watson, Brynna Wilken-Resman, Alexus Williams, Stephanie DiLucia, Guadalupe Sanchez, Taylor L. McLeod, Catrina Sims-Robinson
Summary: Hyperinsulinemia affects the internalization of insulin receptors in brain endothelial cells. Under high insulin levels, the signaling of insulin receptors is weakened while the receptor levels increase. PTP1B plays a role in regulating this process. This study provides insights into the mechanism of insulin receptor internalization.
DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Daniil Shevyrev, Valeriy Tereshchenko, Vladimir Kozlov
Summary: The structure and organization of antigen-recognizing repertoires of B and T cells play a crucial role in immune equilibrium and protection. Alterations in these landscapes, such as changes in HLA gene variants and presenting antigen spectra, can impact immune function and contribute to the development of oncological and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind these changes is essential for managing the risk associated with immune system sensitivity to infectious agents.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew F. Glasser, Timothy S. Coalson, Michael P. Harms, Junqian Xu, Graham L. Baum, Joonas A. Autio, Edward J. Auerbach, Douglas N. Greve, Essa Yacoub, David C. Van Essen, Nicholas A. Bock, Takuya Hayashi
Summary: This article proposes two empirical methods to correct the radiofrequency transmit field biases in T1w/T2w myelin maps. The corrected maps are found to be better neuroanatomical measures and more appropriate for statistical comparisons across individuals and groups.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bo Liu, Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado, Klaudia Toczyska, Oladapo E. Olaniru, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, David Hopkins, Min Zhao, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fluoxetine on beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis. The results showed that fluoxetine improved beta-cell proliferation, protected islet cells from apoptosis, and increased insulin secretion. These findings suggest that fluoxetine may be a preferential antidepressant for patients with depression and diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taka-Aki Sakaue, Yuya Fujishima, Yoko Fukushima, Yuri Tsugawa-Shimizu, Shiro Fukuda, Shunbun Kita, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Barbara Ranscht, Kohji Nishida, Norikazu Maeda, Iichiro Shimomura
Summary: Adiponectin plays a potential protective role against the development of diabetic retinopathy by modulating vascular permeability and regulating endothelial adhesion molecules in the retinal vasculature.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Thomas K. Pak, Calvin S. Carter, Qihong Zhang, Sunny C. Huang, Charles Searby, Ying Hsu, Rebecca J. Taugher, Tim Vogel, Christopher C. Cychosz, Rachel Genova, Nina N. Moreira, Hanna Stevens, John A. Wemmie, Andrew A. Pieper, Kai Wang, Val C. Sheffield
Summary: Primary cilia play a crucial role in hippocampal neurogenesis, and mouse models of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome show impairments in context fear conditioning that can be partially restored by treatment with lithium chloride.
Article
Cell Biology
Filip Rolski, Marcin Czepiel, Karolina Tkacz, Katarzyna Fryt, Maciej Siedlar, Gabriela Kania, Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
Summary: This study found that exosomes secreted by CD4(+) T lymphocytes induce oxidative stress, reduce nitric oxide levels, and enhance the proliferation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. The proteins NOX4, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 in exosomes play a key role in oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2022)