Overexpression of CD151 Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Resected Gastric Cancer

Purpose: The tetraspanin CD151 acts as a promoter of metastasis and invasion in several tumors. However, the role of CD151 in human gastric cancer (HGC) remains unclear. Methods: Twenty HGC specimens and matched nontumor samples, human gastric epithelial cells (HGEC), and four gastric cancer cell lines were used to analyze CD151 expression. Short hairpin RNA-mediated downregulation of CD151 expression in HGC cells was performed to examine the role of CD151 in the proliferation and metastasis/invasion of HGC cells in vivo and in vitro. The relationship of CD151 with integrin alpha 3 in HGC cells was investigated by silencing integrin alpha 3 followed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the prognostic value of CD151 and integrin alpha 3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 76 HGC patients. Results: CD151 was expressed at higher levels in HGC tissues and HGC cells than in nontumor tissues and HGEC cells. Down-regulation of CD151 by vshRNA-CD151 impaired metastasis and invasion of HGC-27 cells, but did not affect cell proliferation. CD151 formed a complex with integrin alpha 3 in HGC cells. CD151-cDNA transfection rescued the metastatic potential and invasiveness of HGC-27-vshCD151 cells, but not those of HGC-27-vshintegrin alpha 3 cells in vitro. Clinically, CD151 overexpression was significantly correlated with high TNM stage, depth of invasion and positive lymph node involvement (p<0.05), and high levels of integrin alpha 3 were associated with large tumor size, high TNM stage, depth of invasion and lymph node involvement (p<0.05). Importantly, the postoperative 5-year overall survival of patients with CD151(low) and/or integrin alpha 3(low) was higher than that of patients with CD151(high) and/or integrin alpha 3(high). Conclusion: CD151 is positively associated with the invasiveness of HGC, and CD151 or the combination of CD151 and integrin alpha 3 is a novel marker for predicting the prognosis of HGC patients and may be potential therapeutic targets.