Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Lena Larsson, Carlos Garaicoa-Pazmino, Farah Asa'ad, Rogerio Moraes Castilho
Summary: This review presents the current understanding of endotoxin tolerance (ET) in chronic inflammatory diseases and explores its potential connection with periodontitis. Mechanisms and pathways such as Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor κB, immune cell apoptosis, epigenetics, and microRNAs regulate ET and contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. While the direct relationship between ET and periodontal destruction is not fully understood, evidence suggests potential tolerization of periodontal ligament cells and gingival tissues with reduced levels of Toll-like receptors. Further research is needed to investigate the crucial role of ET in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Haruhisa Fukuda, Hiroaki Onizuka, Naoaki Nishimura, Kosuke Kiyohara
Summary: The study found that patients with chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic renal disease are at a higher risk of pneumococcal disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peyton Cabaniss
Summary: This article explores the challenges faced by medical students with chronic health conditions in their day-to-day medical education and how they cope with these challenges. The study found that they need to balance the expectations of medical school with the needs of managing their health, and they do so by using accommodations and strategic communication to reconcile these demands and reevaluate their self-imposed expectations. The experiences of having chronic health conditions have a positive impact on their medical practice.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eun-Jung Jo, Young Uk Lee, Ahreum Kim, Hye-Kyung Park, Changhoon Kim
Summary: The prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) has increased with the aging of society. Asthma patients often have comorbid chronic diseases, which can lead to poor outcomes. In this study, we found that the prevalence of MCC with asthma was higher in females than males and increased with age.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Melissa Spoden, Christiane S. Hartog, Peter Schlattmann, Antje Freytag, Marlies Ostermann, Lisa Wedekind, Josephine Storch, Konrad Reinhart, Christian Guenster, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence and risk factors of long-term adverse events in survivors of sepsis, and finds that pre-existing comorbidities, age, hospital-acquired infections, multi-resistant infections, and organ dysfunction are important factors leading to adverse outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Namrata Prasad, Tiffany A. Walker, Ben Waite, Tim Wood, Adrian A. Trenholme, Michael G. Baker, Colin McArthur, Conroy A. Wong, Cameron C. Grant, Q. Sue Huang, E. Claire Newbern
Summary: The study reveals that adults with certain chronic medical conditions are at a higher risk of RSV-related hospitalizations, with CHF and COPD patients having the highest risk. Age plays a role in the relationship between certain chronic conditions and RSV risk.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Josephine A. P. van Dongen, Elsbeth D. M. Rouers, Rob Schuurman, Caterina Band, Shannon M. Watkins, Marlies A. van Houten, Louis J. Bont, Obbe F. Norbruis, Marieke A. C. Hemels, Gijs T. J. van Well, Arine M. Vlieger, Jacqueline van der Sluijs, Helene G. Stas, Gerdien Tramper-Stranders, Elly A. Kleinlugtenbeld, Anne A. M. W. van Kempen, Margreet Wessels, Maaike C. van Rossem, Carin A. C. M. Dassel, Dasja Pajkrt, Marc J. M. Bonten, Patricia C. J. Bruijning-Verhagen
Summary: The study found that the rotavirus vaccine offered limited protection to high-risk MRC infants, but was generally well tolerated in single administration. However, when coadministered with routine vaccines, there was a higher risk of adverse events, especially gastrointestinal issues. This highlights the importance of studying vaccine performance in subgroups of medically vulnerable infants.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Rachelle Nuss
Summary: The recommendation for high-risk patients to assess tolerance to high-altitude exposure by traveling to a ski-resort in Colorado may not be suitable for individuals with sickle cell disease, as it could lead to complications. The table provided in the article suggests that individuals with sickle cell disease should be exempt from this recommendation.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew M. Luks, Peter H. Hackett
Summary: This article discusses the physiological changes and risks that individuals with medical problems may face when traveling to high altitude, including high-altitude headache, acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and high-altitude cerebral edema. It also mentions the pretravel evaluation for common medical conditions that these individuals should undergo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Saef Izzy, Zabreen Tahir, Rachel Grashow, David J. Cote, Ali Al Jarrah, Amar Dhand, Herman Taylor, Michael Whalen, David M. Nathan, Karen K. Miller, Frank Speizer, Aaron Baggish, Marc G. Weisskopf, Ross Zafonte
Summary: A retrospective cohort study of 9205 adult patients with concussion revealed significantly higher risks of developing cardiovascular risks, depression, psychosis, stroke, and epilepsy compared to healthy controls. Most comorbidities developed within five years post-concussion, with patients under 40 years old showing higher risks for post-concussion comorbidities. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the burden of long-term comorbidities in patients with concussion.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chrysi Keskinidou, Alice G. Vassiliou, Edison Jahaj, Zafeiria Mastora, Nikolaos Athanasiou, Anastasia Roumpaki, Stamatios Tsipilis, Ioanna Dimopoulou, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Anastasia Kotanidou
Summary: Aging negatively affects the endothelium. Endocan (ESM-1), an endothelium-derived soluble proteoglycan, plays a role in endothelial dysfunction and age-related outcomes in critical illness. ESM-1 levels were measured in different groups of critically ill patients, and it was found that COVID-19 patients had higher ESM-1 levels compared to septic and non-septic patients. The prognostic ability of ESM-1 was influenced by age and the extent of endothelial dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melissa Jones, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, Daniel Walker, Susbin Raj Wagle, Bozica Kovacevic, Jacqueline Chester, Thomas Foster, Edan Johnston, Jafri Kuthubutheen, Daniel Brown, Marcus D. Atlas, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian, Hani Al-Salami
Summary: This review examines the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmaceutical applications of biguanides in diabetes mellitus and other disorders. Studies have shown that nanocapsules can greatly enhance the delivery and safety of these drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zorica Dimitrijevic, Goran Paunovic, Danijela Tasic, Branka Mitic, Dragoslav Basic
Summary: Diabetes, presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, length of hospitalization, and infection with Klebsiella spp were identified as independent risk factors for urosepsis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). Klebsiella spp infection was associated with a significantly higher odds for urosepsis compared to E. coli infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Huang-Yu Yang, Yun-Shiuan Olivia Hsu, Tao Han Lee, Chao-Yi Wu, Chung-Ying Tsai, Li-Fang Chou, Hui-Tzu Tu, Yu-Tung Huang, Shang-Hung Chang, Chieh-Li Yen, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Cheng-Chia Lee, George Kuo, Chih-Yen Hsiao, Hsing-Lin Lin, Jia-Jin Chen, Tzung-Hai Yen, Yung-Chang Chen, Ya-Chong Tian, Chih-Wei Yang, Gerard F. Anderson
Summary: This study found that the use of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOis) such as febuxostat and allopurinol in pre-dialysis stage 5 CKD patients may be associated with a reduced risk of sepsis/infection and their related mortality, without an increased risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and overall mortality.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Summary: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes provide comprehensive guidelines and tools for diabetes care. These standards are regularly updated by a professional committee to ensure their relevance and accuracy.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Debora Kamin Mukaz, Erica Dawson, Virginia J. Howard, Mary Cushman, John C. Higginbotham, Suzanne E. Judd, Brett M. Kissela, Monika M. Safford, Elsayed Z. Soliman, George Howard
Summary: This study found that hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease were more prevalent in rural areas compared to urban areas, with higher odds in the most rural regions. Adjustment for neighborhood socioeconomic status partially attenuated the odds for hypertension and heart disease in rural areas, completely attenuated the odds for diabetes, and revealed an association with current smoking.
JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jordan B. King, Laura C. Pinheiro, Joanna Bryan Ringel, Adam P. Bress, Daichi Shimbo, Paul Muntner, Kristi Reynolds, Mary Cushman, George Howard, Jennifer J. Manly, Monika M. Safford
Summary: The increase in social vulnerabilities is associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension and dying. The association between social vulnerability count and risk varies by race. The more social vulnerabilities an individual has, the higher the risk of developing hypertension and dying.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Abby M. Basalely, Russell Griffin, Katja M. Gist, Ronnie Guillet, David J. Askenazi, Jennifer R. Charlton, David T. Selewski, Mamta Fuloria, Frederick J. Kaskel, Kimberly J. Reidy
Summary: The study showed that dysnatremia in the first postnatal week was associated with an increased risk of mortality, particularly hypernatremia and combined hypo/hypernatremia in neonates without AKI. This may indicate the importance of fluid management in influencing neonatal mortality outcomes, regardless of AKI status.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Peter J. Abraham, Irina Gonzalez-Sigler, Lindy Reynolds, Russell L. Griffin, Rondi B. Gelbard, Jeffrey D. Kerby, John B. Holcomb, Jan O. Jansen
Summary: This study conducted a secondary analysis on the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) trial and found that faster time-to-randomization was associated with increased mortality. Only a small percentage of patients were enrolled within the shortest time window, indicating a need to shorten the time to randomization in future trials to balance enrollment and mortality.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Peter J. Abraham, Jonathan A. Black, Russell L. Griffin, Mackenzie N. Abraham, Elizabeth J. Liptrap, Bart Thaci, John B. Holcomb, Jeffrey D. Kerby, Mark R. Harrigan, Jan O. Jansen
Summary: BCVI is common among blunt trauma patients and is associated with a significant risk of stroke. Acute stroke is already evident on admission in two thirds of BCVI patients, but preventative treatment is required to reduce the risk of stroke following admission. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in preventing stroke in BCVI patients.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Arwa Nada, David Askenazi, Juan C. Kupferman, Maroun Mhanna, John D. Mahan, Louis Boohaker, Linzi Li, Russell L. Griffin
Summary: Data from both adult and pediatric literature have shown a connection between albumin levels and AKI. This study focused on evaluating the association between hypoalbuminemia and neonatal AKI, finding that low albumin levels were independently associated with both early and late neonatal AKI, highlighting albumin as a potential modifiable risk factor for AKI in neonates.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Amrita Mukherjee, Howard W. Wiener, Russell L. Griffin, Carrie Lenneman, Arka Chatterjee, Lisle M. Nabell, Cora E. Lewis, Sadeep Shrestha
Summary: This study assessed the disparities in distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results showed that there were demographic differences in the prevalence and incidence of CVD risk factors. Diabetes was more prevalent in black patients, and rural patients had a higher risk of developing diabetes within one year.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2022)
Correction
Pediatrics
Arwa Nada, David Askenazi, Juan C. Kupferman, Maroun Mhanna, John D. Mahan, Louis Boohaker, Linzi Li, Russell L. Griffin
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David C. Schwebel, Margaret F. Canter, Ragib Hasan, Russell Griffin, Taylor R. White, Anna Johnston
Summary: This study used observational methods to examine distracted pedestrian behavior in different urban areas and found that distraction rates and circumstances vary depending on the setting. These results offer valuable data to inform intervention programs that target specific populations in appropriate locations.
TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jennifer Chmielewski, Paulomi M. Chaudhry, Matthew W. Harer, Shina Menon, Andrew M. South, Ashley Chappell, Russell Griffin, David Askenazi, Jennifer Jetton, Michelle C. Starr
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate whether neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) was documented in NICU discharge summaries and estimate if nephrology consultation mediated this association. The results showed a low prevalence of AKI documentation at NICU discharge. AKI severity and serum creatinine (SCr)-only AKI increased the odds of AKI documentation. Nephrology consultation mediated the associations of AKI severity and diagnostic criteria with documentation.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Rondi B. Gelbard, Russell L. Griffin, Lindy Reynolds, Peter Abraham, Jeffrey Warner, Parker Hu, Jeffrey D. Kerby, Rindi Uhlich, Marisa B. Marques, Jan O. Jansen, John B. Holcomb
Summary: This study evaluated the outcomes of early, small volume red blood cell transfusion in patients with presumed hemorrhagic shock. The results showed that transfusion of 1-3 units of blood in patients meeting clinical triggers for massive transfusion was not associated with worse outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adeniyi J. Idigo, J. Michael Wells, Matthew L. Brown, Howard W. Wiener, Russell L. Griffin, Gary Cutter, Sadeep Shrestha, Rachael A. Lee
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the regional epidemiology of MDR Pseudomonas CAP and its association with COPD. The results showed that the incidence of MDR Pseudomonas CAP remained stable over time, while COPD was associated with Pseudomonas CAP but not with MDR Pseudomonas CAP.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas G. Brott, James F. Meschia, Brajesh K. Lal, Angel Chamorro, Virginia J. Howard, George Howard
Summary: The SPACE-2 trial compared three treatments for preventing stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The findings were inconclusive due to low enrollment. The CREST-2 trial is expected to provide much-needed evidence for guiding treatment in asymptomatic patients.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Oluwasegun P. P. Akinyelure, Byron C. C. Jaeger, Suzanne Oparil, April P. P. Carson, Monika M. M. Safford, George Howard, Paul Muntner, Shakia T. T. Hardy
Summary: This study analyzed data to determine the impact of social determinants of health on the higher proportion of Black adults with uncontrolled blood pressure. Factors such as low education, low income, living in a health professional shortage area, disadvantaged neighborhood, and high-poverty zip code contribute to this disparity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Russell P. Sawyer, Bradford B. Worrall, Virginia J. Howard, Michael G. Crowe, George Howard, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
Summary: This study aims to examine the racial disparity in the prevalence and trajectory of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black participants. It will focus on the role of cerebral small vessel disease and genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
