Article
Microbiology
Zhihui Lyu, Angela Yang, Patricia Villanueva, Abhyudai Singh, Jiqiang Ling
Summary: Research has found that the pathogen Salmonella divides its population into subgroups that express flagella and those that do not, exhibiting varying levels of tolerance to antibiotics. Interestingly, cells expressing flagella are less tolerant to antibiotics due to the consumption of cellular energy during flagellar motility, which decreases efflux activity. This diversity in response contributes to the overall bacterial population's ability to quickly adapt to different environmental conditions.
Article
Immunology
Weipeng Wang, Ying Wang, Ying Lu, Jing Zhu, Xinbei Tian, Bo Wu, Jun Du, Wei Cai, Yongtao Xiao
Summary: Regenerating islet-derived family member 4 (Reg4) has been found to possess potent bactericidal activity against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm), inhibiting colonization of S. Tm in the intestine and ameliorating intestinal inflammation. Reg4 proteins can restrict Salmonella invasion of intestinal epithelia by binding to the flagella of Salmonella, suppressing bacterial motility and the host inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanpeng Zhao, Quillan Austria, Wenzhang Wang, Xiongwei Zhu
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is critical in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Restoring mitochondrial dynamics through overexpression of Mfn2 can protect against neuronal toxicity induced by MPTP, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Zheng, Hongjuan Bai, Ye Tao, Mounia Achak, Yannick Rossez, Edvina Lamy
Summary: This study analyzed the transport and deposition behavior of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with different flagellar phenotypes in porous media. The results showed that flagellar motility promotes bacterial transport and deposition, and non-motile flagella enhance bacterial adhesion. Flagella phases and methylation also affect bacterial movement and attachment capabilities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ixchell Y. Sedillo-Torres, alvaro O. Hernandez-Rangel, Yolanda Gomez-y-Gomez, Daniel Cortes-Avalos, Blanca Estela Garcia-Perez, Juan C. Villalobos-Rocha, Cesar H. Hernandez-Rodriguez, Luis Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo, Paulina Estrada-de los Santos, Maria Elena Vargas-Diaz, Jose Antonio Ibarra
Summary: An organic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. containing hibiscus acid was found to inhibit motility and reduce the secretion of virulence factors in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Typhimurium. The compound was not toxic to eukaryotic cells and could reduce the invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in epithelial cells. Initial studies suggested that the mode of action of hibiscus acid might involve the disruption of membrane proton balance.
Article
Biophysics
Xinhui Shen, Phu N. Tran, Benjamin Z. Tay, Marcos
Summary: This study investigates the role of different subunit domains in regulating the rigidity of bacterial flagellar filaments. The results show that the absence of two outer subunit domains has little effect on the bending stiffness of Bacillus subtilis' flagellar filament, suggesting that the rigidity mainly comes from the inner domains.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: This review summarizes the advances in understanding the pathogenesis of enteric fever, including mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity, and chronic carriage, and discusses how this knowledge may advance future vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The lack of vaccines against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance, and chronic carriage pose challenges for enteric fever elimination, despite the recent recommendation of conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever by WHO. Advances in in vitro and human challenge models in the past decade have enhanced understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis and have the potential to drive future developments in vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan A. Johnson, Xuping Xie, Adam L. Bailey, Birte Kalveram, Kumari G. Lokugamage, Antonio Muruato, Jing Zou, Xianwen Zhang, Terry Juelich, Jennifer K. Smith, Lihong Zhang, Nathen Bopp, Craig Schindewolf, Michelle Vu, Abigail Vanderheiden, Emma S. Winkler, Daniele Swetnam, Jessica A. Plante, Patricia Aguilar, Kenneth S. Plante, Vsevolod Popov, Benhur Lee, Scott C. Weaver, Mehul S. Suthar, Andrew L. Routh, Ping Ren, Zhiqiang Ku, Zhiqiang An, Kari Debbink, Michael S. Diamond, Pei-Yong Shi, Alexander N. Freiberg, Vineet D. Menachery
Summary: The genetic mutation in SARS-CoV-2 resulted in better fitness in some cells but lower replication capacity in human respiratory cell lines. Despite reducing disease symptoms, the Delta PRRA mutant provided protection against rechallenge with the wildtype SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Biology
Owain J. Bryant, Paraminder Dhillon, Colin Hughes, Gillian M. Fraser
Summary: In addition to the gate recognition motif (GRM), a hydrophobic N-terminal signal is identified on flagellar rod and hook subunits, which are separately and sequentially recognized by the flagellar export machinery. The hydrophobic N-terminal signal may trigger the opening of the flagellar export gate.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhe Wei, Hoshun Chong, Qixia Jiang, Yuhang Tang, Jinhong Xu, Haoquan Wang, Yanteng Shi, Le Cui, Jing Li, Yujing Zhang, Yunxing Xue, Jutang Li, George Liu, Xi Chen, Dongjin Wang, Chen-Yu Zhang, Xiaohong Jiang
Summary: The study found that overexpression of PGC1 alpha in VSMCs significantly reduced aortic atherosclerosis in rabbits and preserved the contractile phenotype of VSMCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of PGC1 alpha for atherosclerosis.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nicholas Dopkins, Bhavya Singh, Stephanie Michael, Morgan M. O'Mara, Jez L. Marston, Tongyi Fei, Matthew L. Bendall, Douglas F. Nixon
Summary: Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genomic sequences that constitute a significant portion of the human genome. They can be induced by immunostimulatory cues and play a role in host-microbiota interaction. This study demonstrates that toll-like receptor activation alters the expression of retrotransposons and that reverse transcriptase inhibitor delivery can ameliorate the inflammatory response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Troy Burtchett, Chloe Love, Reshma Sarkar, Brian C. Tripp
Summary: The study identified the crucial role of four channel-lining C-terminal residues in facilitating flagellin transport and determining flagellar stability and morphology. Substitution of these residues with alanine led to decreased motility and flagellar assembly, impacting flagellar function and structure.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Amanda L. Miller, Lauren K. Nicastro, Shingo Bessho, Kaitlyn Grando, Aaron P. White, Yi Zhang, Gillian Queisser, Bettina A. Buttaro, Cagla Tuekel
Summary: This study reveals the importance of nitrate in regulating the dispersion of S. Typhimurium from biofilms and its invasion of epithelial cells. Nitrate represses the production of curli and activates flagella through modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels. These findings provide insights into the role of nitrate and c-di-GMP signaling in pathogen fitness during infection.
Article
Microbiology
Amanda L. Miller, Lauren K. Nicastro, Shingo Bessho, Kaitlyn Grando, Aaron P. White, Yi Zhang, Gillian Queisser, Bettina A. Buttaro, Cagla Tukel
Summary: Nitrate serves as a key environmental cue during Salmonella infection, inducing dispersal of the pathogen from biofilms by repressing biofilm component production and activating flagella. This regulatory role of nitrate in the switch between sessile and motile lifestyles enhances pathogen fitness during infection.