Article
Virology
Kirsten Bentley, Han Kang Tee, Ashley Pearson, Kym Lowry, Sheila Waugh, Sian Jones, Yoke Fun Chan, David J. Evans
Summary: Recombination plays a significant role in the evolution of viruses, with common occurrences between closely related viruses but rare inter-species recombination. Despite the ubiquitous nature of recombination, not all recombinant genomes result in infectious progeny virus. This study demonstrates the propensity for inter-species recombination at the genome level but suggests significant sequence plasticity is needed to overcome blocks in the virus life cycle.
Article
Virology
Diego A. Caraballo, Maria A. Lombardo, Paula Becker, Maria S. Sabio, Cristina Lema, Leila M. Martinez, Fernando J. Beltran, Yu Li, Daniel M. Cisterna
Summary: The study compared the applicability of two widely used qRT-PCR assays for detecting RABV in Argentina, finding that the LN34 qRT-PCR assay successfully detected all variants while the LysGT1 assay failed to detect three bat-related variants. Sequencing revealed that mismatches between the LysGT1 primers and probe sequences with the viral gene sequences can lead to detection failure. It was concluded that the LN34 assay is more effective for RABV detection in Argentina compared to the LysGT1 assay.
Article
Microbiology
Yifeng Qin, Shuying Qin, Xiangmei Huang, Lishi Xu, Kang Ouyang, Ying Chen, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang
Summary: In this study, two field strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) were isolated and characterized. The GXLB-2015 strain showed genetic recombination between a foreign PRV strain and Chinese PRV variants, while the GXGG-2016 strain had a natural deletion in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. Pathogenicity analysis revealed that GXLB-2015 strain was highly pathogenic to mice, while the GXGG-2016 strain was not pathogenic. These findings contribute to our understanding of PRV evolution in China and have implications for the control of PRV infection in pig farms.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Caiquan Zhao, Jie Gao, Yongzhi Wang, Lina Ji, Hui Qin, Wei Hu, Yang Yang
Summary: This study describes a novel recombinant bovine herpes virus type I expressing rabies virus glycoprotein, which induced a protective immune response in mice and cattle.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kathryn Campbell, Robert J. Gifford, Joshua Singer, Verity Hill, Aine O'Toole, Andrew Rambaut, Katie Hampson, Kirstyn Brunker
Summary: The availability of pathogen sequence data and the use of genomic surveillance are increasing rapidly. In this study, the researchers propose an updated genomic tool and classification system for better understanding the dynamics of rabies virus and improving disease control. By implementing this tool, they were able to define 96 total lineages within the globally distributed Cosmopolitan Glade of rabies virus, which is a significant increase from the previously reported 22 lineages. The integration of this tool with a new rabies virus sequence data resource enables rapid application and provides insights into the control and elimination of dog-mediated rabies.
Article
Virology
Jesse D. Pyle, Sean P. J. Whelan
Summary: Arenaviruses initiate infection by delivering a transcriptionally competent ribonucleoprotein complex into host cells. The interaction between the large RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) and nucleoprotein (NP) plays a central role in arenavirus gene expression. Purification of recombinant functional RNPs from mammalian cells allows for further biochemical analysis of the L and NP proteins interaction.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Diego A. Caraballo, Cristina Lema, Laura Novaro, Federico Gury-Dohmen, Susana Russo, Fernando J. Beltran, Gustavo Palacios, Daniel M. Cisterna
Summary: The research revealed the origin and dissemination of a dog-related variant of rabies virus in South America, originating in Brazil and spreading through Argentina and Paraguay. A significant finding in the study was the identification of a host shift from dog to the crab-eating fox in Northeast Brazil. Adaptive evolution occurred post-host shift, with ongoing interaction between domestic and wild cycles noted.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zheng Jing, Peng Ji, Yanquan Wei, Fuxing Hao, Yanming Wei
Summary: A novel strain of canine parvovirus (CPV-2c) was isolated and identified from cats with gastroenteritis symptoms in Dalian, China. Molecular characterization and sequence analysis revealed similarities with other known strains, but also identified new mutation sites. This study provides important insights into the evolution of parvovirus infection in domestic cats in China.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ye Feng, Jihong Ma, Sheng Sun, Lijuan Chi, Zhanying Kou, Changchun Tu
Summary: The study found that in China, rabies is mainly transmitted by dogs, especially free-roaming and ownerless dogs in rural areas. Additionally, the majority of rabies cases occur in the spring and summer seasons. In the north and northwest regions of the country, rabies is mainly caused by rabid foxes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nikolay Yakovchits, Renat Adelshin, Ivan D. Zarva, Sergey A. Chupin, Olga Melnikova, Evgeny Andaev, Michael Shulpin, Artem E. Metlin, Aleksandr D. Botvinkin
Summary: The study identified the first outbreak of fox rabies in the Republic of Buryatia in 2011, near the border with Mongolia. The main natural hosts of the infection were foxes, and the virus spread northward across steppe landscapes and river valleys. International cooperation is needed to prevent further spread of rabies in the bordering territories of Russia, Mongolia, and China.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mingfa Yang, Yunyun Ma, Qian Jiang, Mingxin Song, Hongtao Kang, Jiasen Liu, Liandong Qu
Summary: The number of PIV5 infection cases has been increasing worldwide, especially in China. Tick-derived PIV5 has been successfully isolated in Heilongjiang, China and is closely related to the dominant subtype prevalent in dogs, pigs, and wildlife in the country. Animal experiments showed that this virus can cause respiratory distress, pneumonia, and neurologic tissue damage. Further surveillance of PIV5 in transmission vectors is crucial for understanding its ecology and controlling the re-emergence of diseases.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Qikai Yin, Rui Cheng, Xiuyan Xu, Ziqian Xu, Jing Wang, Shihong Fu, Hongbin Xu, Shaozai Zhang, Ying He, Fan Li, Songtao Xu, Xiaoqing Lu, Huanyu Wang, Bin Wang, Guodong Liang
Summary: In July 2018, a new virus belonging to the Tete serogroup, named Lichuan virus, was isolated from Culicoides biting midges in Lichuan County, Jiangxi Province, China. This virus showed significant cytopathic effects and resulted in disease and death in suckling mice.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yawen Zhang, Hui Zhao, Zengna Chi, Zhizhong Cui, Shuang Chang, Yixin Wang, Peng Zhao
Summary: Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main pathogen causing liver and spleen diseases in chickens, with 6 different genotypes reported globally. A new avian HEV named YT-aHEV was isolated from white-feathered broilers in Shandong province, China, and an in vivo infection model was successfully established. This research laid the foundation for the diagnosis and further study of the pathogenicity and molecular biology of avian HEV.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Faming Miao, Nan Li, Jinjin Yang, Teng Chen, Ye Liu, Shoufeng Zhang, Rongliang Hu
Summary: China is facing challenges in controlling rabies transmission dynamics, with a lack of strong political commitment and a workable plan hindering efforts to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies by 2030. Immediate action is needed to prevent the spread of rabies to other animal species.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lei Tan, Jun Yao, Lei Lei, Kaiwen Xu, Fan Liao, Shibiao Yang, Lincheng Yang, Xianghua Shu, Deyong Duan, Aibing Wang
Summary: In this study, a novel recombinant PRV strain called HN-2019 was isolated from a sick piglet and its genetic features and pathogenicity were investigated. The results suggested a natural recombination event might have occurred in the genome of the HN-2019 strain between the PRV classical strain and the HB-98 vaccine strain, providing useful guidelines for future PRV vaccine design.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)