Article
Clinical Neurology
Monja Hoven, Nina S. de Boer, Anna E. Goudriaan, Damiaan Denys, Mael Lebreton, Ruth J. van Holst, Judy Luigjes
Summary: Patients with OCD exhibit underconfidence, while patients with GD exhibit overconfidence. However, no interaction between incentives and groups, as well as no group differences in neuronal processing of confidence, were found.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Trevor. W. Robbins
Summary: This scientific commentary discusses the research conducted by Kim et al. on the unbalanced fronto-pallidal neurocircuit underlying set shifting in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, published in the journal Brain.
Article
Psychiatry
Michele Di Ponzio, Nikos Makris, Carlotta Tenerini, Eleonora Grassi, Samuele Ragone, Stefano Pallanti
Summary: This study used rTMS at 15 Hz to stimulate the left DLPFC, targeting the reward system, in patients with trichotillomania, hoarding disorder, and skin picking disorder. The results showed a reduction in symptom severity and depression symptoms at the end of the treatment, with improvements maintained only in younger patients at the 1-month follow-up. The discussion suggests that OCRDs may be behavioral addictions and implicates the reward system in the mechanisms of these disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Davide Bernardi, David Shannahoff-Khalsa, Jeff Sale, Jon A. Wright, Luciano Fadiga, David Papo
Summary: We investigated the effects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on the complexity and time-reversal symmetry-breaking of brain resting-state activity measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Our findings showed that OCD patients exhibit higher concentration of irreversibility at faster time scales and more evenly distributed across channels within the same hemisphere compared to control subjects. Additionally, the interhemispheric asymmetry between homologous areas was also significantly different in OCD patients. Some of these differences were reduced with 1-year Kundalini Yoga meditation treatment. These results suggest that OCD alters the dynamic attractor of the brain's resting state and provide insight into possible neurophysiological characterization of the disorder and the potential modulation of brain function through therapy.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Angelica P. Escobar, Jonathan Martinez-Pinto, Francisco Silva-Olivares, Ramon Sotomayor-Zarate, Pablo R. Moya
Summary: EAAT3 overexpression impacts dopamine transmission, making dopamine neurons more sensitive to the effects of amphetamine and leading to an imbalance between the direct and indirect striatal pathways that favors the performance of repetitive behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shari A. Steinman, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Zhamilya Gazman, Yael Stovezky, Olivia Pascucci, Justin Pomerenke, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Abby Fyer, H. Blair Simpson
Summary: Studies show that replacing the expected threat with a novel outcome is more effective in reducing the return of conditioned fear in individuals with pathological anxiety compared to threat omission alone. However, this preliminary test did not find that novelty facilitated extinction.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi-gang Peng, Ping-jing Cai, Jian-hang Hu, Jin-xiang Jiang, Jia-jia Zhang, Ke-fang Liu, Li Yang, Cheng Long
Summary: The study revealed that APP/PS1 mice exhibit OCD-like behavior as early as 3-5 months old, with decreased number of PV interneurons and high gamma oscillation in the striatum. Altered corticostriatal synchronization may contribute to the observed behavioral changes in preclinical stages of AD.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Louise Destree, Mary-Ellen E. Brierley, Lucy Albertella, Laura Jobson, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the relationships between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity. The results showed a significant relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and OCS severity in both clinical and non-clinical populations. It was also found that a range of childhood trauma types, rather than a single type, was associated with OCD.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Steffen Moritz, Lara Buecker, Charlotte Wittekind, Lukasz Gaweda, Josefine Gehlenborg
Summary: The study examined the factorial structure of the PG-YBOCS in individuals with gambling problems, revealing a two-dimensional structure with the first dimension representing gambling severity and the second dimension reflecting resistance to thoughts/urges and behavior. Unlike in OCD, no independent factors tapping thoughts versus behaviors were obtained, indicating functional differences between the two disorders.
INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Behrang Mahjani, Katharina Bey, Julia Boberg, Christie Burton
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable, polygenic disorder with contributions from both common and rare genetic variants. Genetics play an important role in the susceptibility to OCD, with discrete OCD symptom dimensions having both shared and unique genetic risks. Genome-wide studies show that OCD shares genetic risk with its comorbid conditions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Young Jun Boo, Do-Won Kim, Jin Young Park, Bong Soo Kim, Jin Woo Chang, Jee In Kang, Se Joo Kim
Summary: This study aims to explore potential deficits in inhibitory function related to working memory processes in patients with OCD. The results show that patients with OCD exhibit significant reductions in prefrontal post-trial beta power change, which may be related to their inability to rid themselves of obsessive thoughts.
Article
Psychiatry
Prerika Sharma, Maria C. Rosario, Ygor A. Ferrao, Lucy Albertella, Euripedes C. Miguel, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and found that comorbid GAD was associated with an increased number of avoidant behaviors and greater severity of anxiety.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jiayang Xiao, Nicole R. Provenza, Joseph Asfouri, John Myers, Raissa K. Mathura, Brian Metzger, Joshua A. Adkinson, Anusha B. Allawala, Victoria Pirtle, Denise Oswalt, Ben Shofty, Meghan E. Robinson, Sanjay J. Mathew, Wayne K. Goodman, Nader Pouratian, Paul R. Schrater, Ankit B. Patel, Andreas S. Tolias, Kelly R. Bijanki, Xaq Pitkow, Sameer A. Sheth
Summary: This study recorded high-density neural activity in depression-relevant prefrontal cortical regions and found that decreased depression severity is associated with reduced low-frequency neural activity and increased high-frequency activity. Decoding this neural activity provides a better understanding of how depression manifests in the human brain and offers a target neural signature for personalized neuromodulation therapies.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hana Brozka, Daniela Alexova, Dominika Radostova, Martina Janikova, Branislav Krajcovic, Stepan Kubik, Jan Svoboda, Ales Stuchlik
Summary: Treatment with quinpirole reduces immediate early gene expression in the hippocampus of rats during stereotypical checking, potentially affecting the plasticity-related activity in this brain region.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Faranak Kadivari, Mahmoud Najafi, Vahid Khosravani
Summary: This study found that childhood maltreatment has both direct and indirect effects on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, with the indirect effect mediated by the behavioral inhibition system. The findings highlight the role of the behavioral inhibition system in linking childhood maltreatment to obsessive-compulsive symptomology.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tae Young Lee, Wi Hoon Jung, Yoo Bin Kwak, Youngwoo B. Yoon, Junhee Lee, Minah Kim, Euitae Kim, Jun Soo Kwon
Summary: This study investigated the neural correlates of obsession and delusion using connectome-wide association studies, finding that obsession was associated with the supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, and superior parietal lobule, while delusion was associated with the precuneus. Further analyses revealed aberrant inter-network connectivity strength related to obsession, highlighting the circuit-level functional dysconnectivity associated with obsession and delusion severity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jeongsim Kim, EunJi Shin, KyungHwa Han, Soowon Park, Jung Hae Youn, Guixiang Jin, Jun-Young Lee
Summary: The study developed a smart speaker-based Metamemory Training (MMT) program and confirmed its efficacy in older adults. Results showed that older adults trained with this program demonstrated significant improvements in memory, attention, and fluency.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jae Myeong Kang, Nambeom Kim, Sook Young Lee, Soo Kyun Woo, Geumjin Park, Byeong Kil Yeon, Jung Woon Park, Jung-Hae Youn, Seung-Ho Ryu, Jun-Young Lee, Seong-Jin Cho
Summary: Fully immersive VR cognitive training showed positive effects on visuospatial function, apathy, affect, quality of life, and increased frontal-occipital functional connectivity in older individuals in a predementia state. Future trials with larger sample sizes, more sophisticated designs, and longer durations may reveal greater improvements in cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and brain functional connectivity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sanghoon Oh, Wi Hoon Jung, Taekwan Kim, Geumsook Shim, Jun Soo Kwon
Summary: Functional neuroimaging studies have shown alterations in frontostriatal and frontoparietal circuits in OCD. A study using fMRI found a positive association between activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and total Y-BOCS scores in medication-free OCD patients during a visuospatial task. These findings suggest potential neuromodulation targets for OCD treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Educational
Taehoon Kim, Soyoung Choi, Jun-Young Lee
Summary: This scoping review revealed a greater amount of research on intellectual disabilities in North Korea during the recent Kim Jong-un era compared to the previous leader's period, which focused more on general intelligence research outcomes. Significant qualitative progress was also identified. The analysis of research outcomes provides meaningful insights and calls for follow-up studies and open discussions to further progress in understanding intellectual disabilities in North Korea.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
So Young Yoo, Alexander Han, Soowon Park, Jun-Young Lee
Summary: The presence of the APOE ε4 allele does not increase the relative risks and onset age of dementia, but it leads to more prominent cognitive decline in the AD group. Clinicians should consider the presence of the APOE ε4 allele when examining patients with rapidly declining dementia.
PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiyun Jung, Jae Yoon Park, Woojae Myung, Jun-Young Lee, Hyunwoong Ko, Hyewon Lee
Summary: Higher levels of residential greenness are associated with a decreased risk of Parkinson's disease incidence, particularly in individuals over 50 years old, females, overweight/obese individuals, non-urban residents, non-smokers, alcoholics, and those with comorbidities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kiwon Kim, Hong Jin Jeon, Woojae Myung, Seung Wan Suh, Su Jeong Seong, Jae Yeon Hwang, Je Il Ryu, Seon-Cheol Park
Summary: Late-onset psychosis requires careful intervention due to the greater associated risks, higher morbidity and mortality rates, and complicated treatment considerations, which may be attributed to the higher incidence of adverse effects despite the black box warning against antipsychotics.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sangho Shin, Wi Hoon Jung, Robert McCutcheon, Mattia Veronese, Katherine Beck, Jae Sung Lee, Yun-Sang Lee, Oliver D. Howes, Euitae Kim, Jun Soo Kwon
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between frontostriatal connectivity and striatal dopamine synthesis in treatment-responsive schizophrenia and treatment-resistant schizophrenia, as well as healthy controls. The results suggest that striatal dopaminergic system dysregulation is related to prefrontal cortex pathology localized to the connectivity of DLPFC-AST in treatment-responsive schizophrenia.
PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hyun Jung Han, Sangil Lee, Wi Hoon Jung
Summary: Motivation plays a critical role in human cognitive function. This study classified individuals' behavioral responses and discovered two distinct groups with different achievement motivation orientations. Structural brain analysis and functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed neural mechanisms related to achievement motivation.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sujeong Han, Jun-Young Lee, Sung-il Cho, Dae Jong Oh, Dae Hyun Yoon
Summary: Using the group-based trajectory model, our study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive function and investigate demographic factors that act as risk factors for cognitive decline. The study found that cognitive function trajectories among adults over 40 years of age were heterogeneous, with four trajectories identified: high, medium, low, and rapid decline. Older age, male gender, low educational level, bad dietary habits, diabetes mellitus, technical worker occupation, and lower income increased the likelihood of cognitive function decline.
PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Seung-Min Jeong, Seung-Gun Lee, Chae-Lin Seok, Eui-Chul Lee, Jun-Young Lee
Summary: In colonoscopy, computer vision and artificial intelligence technology have enabled the automatic detection and visualization of polyps, but the complexity of deep learning models for polyp segmentation has made real-time operation difficult. To solve this problem, a study aimed to find an efficient model for precise polyp segmentation with increased processing speed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jimin Lee, Byung-Soo Kim, Jin Pyo Hong, Seong-Jin Cho, Jun-Young Lee, Jong-Ik Park, Hong Jin Jeon, Sung Man Chang
Summary: Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in Korea, few studies have been conducted on the temporal priority with comorbid mental disorders. We investigated the temporal priority of lifetime AUDs and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders among the general population of Korea. The results showed that mood and anxiety disorders are more likely to occur before alcohol dependence, while specific phobia is more likely to occur before alcohol abuse.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Na-Kyoung Lee, Samuel Jaeyoon Won, Jun-Young Lee, Seung-Baik Kang, So Young Yoo, Chong Bum Chang
Summary: This study revealed a high prevalence of night pain, neuropathic pain, and depressive disorder in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and patients with these specific conditions reported poorer functional and quality of life scores preoperatively. However, these adverse effects disappeared after TKA.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jimin Lee, Hyerim Kim, Jin Pyo Hong, Seong-Jin Cho, Jun-Young Lee, Hong Jin Jeon, Byung-Soo Kim, Sung Man Chang
Summary: The study found that the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the general population in South Korea has been steadily increasing from 2001 to 2011. Among men, MDD prevalence continued to increase significantly in the 18-29 age group, at-risk drinking group, and not living with a partner group. Meanwhile, among women, MDD prevalence continued to significantly increase in the below-average household income group, at-risk drinking group, and unemployed group.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)