Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haixiu Wang, Eric Cox, Bert Devriendt
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains recognize and respond to factors secreted by gut epithelial cells, leading to transcriptional modulation of key ETEC virulence genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
James M. Fleckenstein, Alaullah Sheikh
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are diarrheal pathogens that cause significant morbidity among disadvantaged young children in areas lacking clean water and sanitation. Recent research on additional virulence factors encoded by plasmids may lead to new approaches for developing broadly protective vaccines. It is also suggested that ETEC toxins may not only promote diarrhea through cellular signaling, but also drive changes in intestinal architecture and associated sequelae.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ephrem Debebe Zegeye, Yuleima Diaz, Pal Puntervoll
Summary: Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under five in low-to-middle income countries. ST mutation is necessary for ETEC vaccine to prevent immunological cross-reaction. The study shows that mutating L9 can further reduce the risk of cross-reacting antibodies. However, balancing between disrupting cross-reacting epitopes and maintaining protective ones is challenging.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kevin Jerez-Bogota, Martin Jensen, Ole Hojberg, Paul Cormican, Peadar G. Lawlor, Gillian E. Gardiner, Nuria Canibe
Summary: Antibiotic and zinc oxide restrictions have prompted the search for alternatives to combat intestinal pathogens, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which causes postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. This study found that dietary supplementation with garlic and apple pomace or blackcurrant can limit ETEC proliferation, reduce PWD, and positively affect the fecal microbiota's diversity, composition, and stability.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Haihua Li, Xuejiao Liu, Zhiyuan Shang, Jiayun Qiao
Summary: This study demonstrated that probiotic Clostridium butyricum attenuates inflammation induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by regulating intestinal villi injury and the activation of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guillermo Ramis, Lorena Perez-Esteruelas, Carolina G. Gomez-Cabrera, Clara de Pascual-Monreal, Belen Gonzalez-Guijarro, Ester Parraga-Ros, Pedro Sanchez-Uribe, Miguel Claver-Mateos, Livia Mendonca-Pascoal, Laura Martinez-Alarcon
Summary: The study found that oral and parenteral vaccination against E. coli resulted in different effects. The orally vaccinated group showed greater immune system activation, indicating a possible need for a second E. coli stimulus for a full immune response. In addition, the orally vaccinated animals had increased cellular infiltration, tight junction protein levels, and IgA-producing cell density, as well as lower levels of IFN-gamma mRNA. Lastly, the orally vaccinated groups had a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Weichun Xie, Liying Song, Xueying Wang, Yigang Xu, Zengsu Liu, Dongfang Zhao, Shubo Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Zhaorui Wang, Chong Gao, Xiaona Wang, Li Wang, Xinyuan Qiao, Han Zhou, Wen Cui, Yanping Jiang, Yijing Li, Lijie Tang
Summary: LR-LFCA can colonize the intestines of piglets, improve growth performance, enhance immune response, and benefit intestinal health by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota composition. LR-LFCA attenuated weight loss and diarrhea incidence in piglets infected with ETEC, by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress, increasing tight junction proteins expression, and enhancing antioxidant capacity. LR-LFCA may activate MLCK and inhibit NF-kappa B pathways, providing a promising alternative therapeutic method for intestinal inflammation.
Article
Immunology
Alaullah Sheikh, Tamding Wangdi, Tim J. Vickers, Bailey Aaron, Margot Palmer, Mark J. Miller, Seonyoung Kim, Cassandra Herring, Rita Simoes, Jennifer A. Crainic, Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve, Sjoerd van der Post, Gunnar C. Hansson, James M. Fleckenstein
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains produce heat-labile and/or heat-stable toxins. Recent studies have found a significant association between strains that produce EatA protein and symptomatic infection. The heat-labile toxin enhances the protective barrier, while EatA degrades the mucin barrier to promote bacterial access to host cells and toxin delivery.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zhezhe Tian, Jiaming Chen, Tongbin Lin, Junhua Zhu, Haoyang Gan, Fang Chen, Shihai Zhang, Wutai Guan
Summary: Lysozyme-cinnamaldehyde conjugates (LC) supplementation showed positive effects in treating piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). LC diet reduced rectal temperature and fecal scores, improved intestinal barrier and immune function, decreased inflammation, and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andong Zha, Ruiqi Tu, Ming Qi, Jing Wang, Bie Tan, Peng Liao, Chenchen Wu, Yulong Yin
Summary: The study showed that dietary supplementation of MOSS had beneficial effects on ETEC-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets, increasing growth performance, reducing diarrhea incidence, and regulating intestinal microbiota composition. MOSS also decreased inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved intestinal barrier function.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mohamed Rhouma, Charlotte Braley, William Theriault, Alexandre Thibodeau, Sylvain Quessy, Philippe Fravalo
Summary: The study revealed that the ETEC:F4 strain challenge significantly affected the diversity and composition of piglet fecal microbiota, while treatment with colistin sulfate only reduced the populations of E. coli/Shigella during the treatment period.
Article
Immunology
Natalya I. Motyka, Sydney R. Stewart, Constance P. Porretta, Ian E. Hollifield, David L. Bauer, Jacob P. Bitoun
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is still a major cause of diarrheal mortality and morbidity in children in low-resource settings. Few studies have explored the consequences of simultaneous intoxication with heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) and heat-labile enterotoxins (LTs) despite the increased prevalence of wild ETEC isolates expressing both toxins. Our studies suggest that enterotoxin-induced interleukin 33 (IL-33) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) modulate intestinal inflammation and IL-1 receptor signaling in the intestinal mucosa in response to ETEC enterotoxins.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shuaijuan Han, Yang Wen, Fengfan Yang, Pingli He
Summary: Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has been proven to inhibit the growth of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and protect against ETEC infection in mice by reducing colonization, improving intestinal health, and modulating immune response. High and medium doses of anti-ETEC IgY demonstrated more effective protective effects against ETEC infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ayelen Baillo, Julio Villena, Leonardo Albarracin, Mikado Tomokiyo, Mariano Elean, Kohtaro Fukuyama, Sandra Quilodran-Vega, Silvina Fadda, Haruki Kitazawa
Summary: The immunobiotic potential of L. plantarum CRL681 and CRL1506 was studied in this research. The results showed that both strains could induce the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in intestinal epithelial cells and enhance the levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in mice. In addition, these strains could modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduce the pathogen counts, and prevent its spread to other organs. L. plantarum CRL1506 was found to be more efficient in modulating mucosal immunity than CRL681.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xi Lu, Dingyan Wu, Xin Zhao, Mingxin Zhang, Ke Ren, Ningning Zhou, Yanni Zhao, Weisheng Qian
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a diarrheal pathogen, can utilize ethanolamine (EA) as a nitrogen source, which enhances its virulence phenotype and causes damage to host intestinal cells. The concentration of EA in the intestine also impacts the metabolic profile and pathogenicity of ETEC.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lu Han, Jemma M. Boyle, Kate Walker, Angela Kuryba, Michael S. Braun, Nicola Fearnhead, David Jayne, Richard Sullivan, Jan van der Meulen, Ajay Aggarwal
Summary: This study found that hospitals located in areas of high competition for rectal cancer surgery are associated with better patient outcomes and improved processes of care.
Article
Oncology
Jemma M. Boyle, Jan van der Meulen, Angela Kuryba, Thomas E. Cowling, Christopher Booth, Nicola S. Fearnhead, Michael S. Braun, Kate Walker, Ajay Aggarwal
Summary: This study evaluated hospital-level toxicity rates during systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) delivery in national healthcare systems and found significant variation in care quality. The results showed substantial differences in toxicity rates between hospitals in both adjuvant and metastatic settings, despite risk-adjustment. Consequently, ongoing monitoring and reporting of this performance indicator can contribute to improving the quality of care.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bruna Alonso, Christophe Casteleyn, Stijn Schauvliege
Summary: This report describes an ultrasound-guided technique to block nerves in calves undergoing flexor tendon tenotomy or carpus arthrodesis surgery. The procedure was successful with no complications observed.
VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jessica King, Kate Walker, Jan Van Der Meulen, William Bernal
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ipek Gurol-Urganci, Jennifer Jardine, Tina Harris, Asma Khalil, Jan van der Meulen
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna Lopez Codony, Laurence Lefere, Stijn Schauvliege, Ann Martens
Summary: This article described a case of a 4-year-old gelding with a history of hematuria and stranguria after exercise. The imaging revealed the presence of a cystolith, which was successfully removed through laparocystotomy. A foreign body, a rubber tie of unknown origin, was found as the nidus of the urolith. The surgery and recovery were uneventful for up to 2 years postoperatively. This is the first published report on the laparocystotomy for removal of a cystolith secondary to an intravesical foreign body in a gelding. Although rare, migration of a foreign body into the urinary bladder is possible.
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lavinia La Rosa, Lara Twele, Luc Duchateau, Frank Gasthuys, Sabine B. R. Kaestner, Stijn Schauvliege
Summary: This study investigated the antinociceptive properties of epidural magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in standing horses through an experimental, placebo-controlled, masked, cross-over design. The results showed a significant increase in electrical threshold after epidural administration of MgSO4, but no significant differences in thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Two horses collapsed during the injection of MgSO4, but one was able to continue the study. There was a significant difference in heart rate at T180. Caution is needed when using epidural MgSO4 as two horses collapsed at the current dose.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Patricia Ruiz-Lopez, Ricardo Felisberto, Hanna Haardt, Ann Martens, Stijn Schauvliege
Summary: The present case report discusses the successful management of two alpacas with metatarsal and distal tibial fractures. Both animals received deep sedation with ketamine and medetomidine followed by endotracheal intubation and maintenance of general anesthesia with sevoflurane. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block with bupivacaine 0.5% was performed for analgesic treatment before surgery. The use of regional anesthesia improved intraoperative management, and no opioids were required during the procedure.
VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Min Hae Park, Kate J. Fitzsimons, Scott Deacon, Jibby Medina, Muhammad A. H. Wahedally, Sophie Butterworth, Craig Russell, Jan H. van der Meulen
Summary: This study analyzed the educational attainment differences between children born with clefts and the general population at ages 5, 7, and 11, and described the longitudinal changes in attainment among children with clefts during primary education. The results showed that children with clefts had lower attainment than the general population in all subject areas, and this difference remained consistent at all ages, with those affected in the palate having a larger gap compared to those with a cleft lip. Among children with low attainment at age 5, more than half still had low attainment in at least one subject at age 11. Therefore, there is an educational attainment gap for children born with clefts throughout primary education, but nearly half of those with low attainment at a young age can achieve normal levels by age 11.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Laura Viviani, Ian R. White, Elizabeth J. Williamson, James Carpenter, Jan van der Meulen, David A. Cromwell
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the DetectDeviatingCells (DDC) algorithm in detecting data anomalies at the observation and variable level in continuous variables. The DDC algorithm showed promising results in improving error detection processes for observational data, particularly in detecting complex error patterns.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Eva Buschmann, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Tim Boussy, Ingrid Vernemmen, Stijn Schauvliege, Annelies Decloedt, Gunther van Loon
Summary: We report a case of diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular accessory pathway (AP) in a horse using 3-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The AP was suspected from the 12-lead ECG and vectorcardiography, and it was precisely localized using 3D EAM. After ablation, AP conduction was eliminated and pre-excitation disappeared. This case demonstrates the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA for identifying and treating AP in horses.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Matthew G. Parry, Arunan Sujenthiran, Julie Nossiter, Melanie Morris, Brendan Berry, Arjun Nathan, Ajay Aggarwal, Heather Payne, Jan van der Meulen, Noel W. Clarke
Summary: This observational cohort study examines the 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) of 1381 men who received high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for localized prostate cancer. The study finds that four in five men were free from local salvage treatment at 5 years, but treatment failure rates varied significantly based on ISUP Grade Group.
Article
Pathology
Ellen Stelloo, Ruud W. J. Meijers, Joost F. Swennenhuis, Amin Allahyar, Karima Hajo, Mario Cangiano, Wendy W. J. de Leng, Sjoerd van Helvert, Joni Van der Meulen, David Creytens, Leon C. van Kempen, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen, Judith V. M. G. Bovee, Wouter de Laat, Erik Splinter, Harma Feitsma
Summary: Chromosomal rearrangements play a crucial role in cancer development, and their accurate detection is important for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection of bone and soft tissue tumors. Current diagnostic methods are limited by challenges in amplifying multiple targets and poor RNA quality. This study evaluated a novel DNA-based sequencing method called FFPE-TLC and found that it showed high specificity and sensitivity in identifying gene fusions in bone and soft tissue tumors, even in cases where other methods failed due to detection limits or sample quality issues.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Patricia Ruiz-Lopez, Charlotte Cuypers, Stijn Schauvliege
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the effects of adding xylazine infusion to anesthesia maintenance in horses undergoing colic surgery. The results showed that the group receiving xylazine infusion had lower heart rate, hematocrit, ketamine requirements, and shorter days to discharge compared to the group without xylazine infusion. However, the time to sternal recumbency and time to first attempt were longer in the xylazine group. Xylazine infusion may provide stable anesthesia and faster recovery in colic patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cuypers Charlotte, Devreese Mathias, Van Uytfanghe Katleen, Stove Christophe, Schauvliege Stijn
Summary: Sedative and protective effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) during hypoxia were investigated in this study. Six-week-old pigs were administered NaGHB intravenously and orally, and the pharmacokinetics of GHB were analyzed. The bioavailability of GHB after oral administration was 45%, and no adverse effects were observed. However, deep sleep and abnormal behavior were observed after intravenous administration.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
