Article
Immunology
Petra Dadova, Antonia Mikulova, Radim Jarous, Michaela Chorvatova, Stjepan Uldrijan, Lukas Kubala
Summary: The adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling pathway is suggested to play a key role in regulating immune system functions. This study demonstrates that cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) affects the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, enhancing Th1 cell phenotype, supporting Th2 differentiation but negatively affecting cell metabolism, and suppressing Th17 immunophenotype while upregulating CXCL13.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xinyue Wang, Di Wang, Juan Du, Yuqing Wei, Rui Song, Beibei Wang, Shuang Qiu, Bei Li, Leidan Zhang, Yongqin Zeng, Hongxin Zhao, Yaxian Kong
Summary: Aging leads to immune system dysfunction, particularly T cell defects. CD244 plays a significant role in T cell aging, while CD160 does not. Therefore, CD244 may serve as a therapeutic target for improving diseases and comorbidities associated with immune system aging.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Abigail E. Russi, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Zhenhua Luo, Jorge A. Bezerra
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms by which different subpopulations of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the response of biliary epithelial cells to injury. The results demonstrate that natural ILC2s are positively associated with cholangiocyte abundance and that they promote epithelial proliferation through the IL-13/IL-4Rα/STAT6 pathway. This pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial homeostasis and promoting repair in experimental biliary atresia.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Guibiao Yang, Yunfeng Peng, Benjamin W. Abbott, Christina Biasi, Bin Wei, Dianye Zhang, Jun Wang, Jianchun Yu, Fei Li, Guanqin Wang, Dan Kou, Futing Liu, Yuanhe Yang
Summary: This study highlights the importance of soil phosphorus availability in regulating plant growth, vegetation productivity, and net ecosystem productivity in a permafrost ecosystem after thaw. The results of a 3-year field observation and in-situ fertilization experiment show that phosphorus addition has a stronger effect on plant growth than nitrogen addition, indicating the crucial role of soil phosphorus availability in altering the trajectory of permafrost carbon cycle under climate warming.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Simon Melderis, Matthias T. Warkotsch, Julien Dang, Julia Hagenstein, Laura-Isabell Ehnold, Georg R. Herrnstadt, Christoph B. Niehus, Frederic C. Feindt, Dominik Kylies, Victor G. Puelles, Carmen Berasain, Matias A. Avila, Katrin Neumann, Gisa Tiegs, Tobias B. Huber, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Oliver M. Steinmetz
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disorder, with lupus nephritis (LN) being a frequent and difficult to treat complication. This study identified the multifunctional cytokine AREG as an anti-inflammatory mediator in LN, suppressing pathogenic T cell immunity. These findings highlight the potential of the AREG/EGFR axis as a therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniela Aros-Mualin, Carmela Rosaria Guadagno, Daniele Silvestro, Michael Kessler
Summary: This study investigated the circadian regulation in gas exchange of lycophytes and ferns. It was found that except for two semi-aquatic species, there were no rhythms detected in stomatal conductance for lycophytes and ferns under constant light. These findings reveal the fundamentally different mechanisms of gas exchange regulation in lycophytes and ferns compared to angiosperms.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sebastian Rhein, Katharina Friederike Straeter
Summary: An increasing number of companies are voluntarily committing to help complete the transition from a linear to a circular economy, but a critical analysis on whether these commitments can mitigate the plastic crisis and shape the transformation towards a circular economy is lacking. The study found that a uniform definition of the 3Rs is missing, and the concepts of reduction and reuse are mostly associated with recycling, hindering the rigorous implementation of a circular economy.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Darina Paprckova, Veronika Niederlova, Alena Moudra, Ales Drobek, Michaela Pribikova, Sarka Janusova, Kilian Schober, Ales Neuwirth, Juraj Michalik, Martina Huranova, Veronika Horkova, Michaela Cesnekova, Michaela Simova, Jan Prochazka, Jana Balounova, Dirk H. Busch, Radislav Sedlacek, Martin Schwarzer, Ondrej Stepanek
Summary: Mature T cells are selected in the thymus for their ability to recognize self-antigens, but the role of self-reactivity in T-cell biology is still not fully understood. By examining mouse peripheral CD8(+) T cells, two unconventional populations of antigen-inexperienced T cells were discovered. Highly self-reactive T cells preferentially differentiate into antigen-inexperienced memory-like cells, but do not form a population expressing specific genes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dunia Garcia Cruz, Raghavendra R. Giri, Daylin Gamiotea Turro, Jeremy L. Balsbaugh, Adam J. Adler, Annabelle Rodriguez
Summary: Deficiency of Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with in vitro results showing altered cytokine expression and cellular metabolism in Lag3-deficient dendritic cells. The study found that Lag3-deficient BMDCs had higher TNF-alpha secretion, increased glycolysis, decreased fatty acid usage for mitochondrial respiration, and reduced glycolysis with exogenous IL-10 treatment. Furthermore, Lag3 deficiency in DCs led to an inflammatory phenotype and enhanced T cell effector differentiation and proliferation.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christopher Sie, Ravi Kant, Christian Peter, Andreas Muschaweckh, Monika Pfaller, Lucy Nirschl, Helena Dominguez Moreno, Tereza Chadimova, Gildas Lepennetier, Tanja Kuhlmann, Rupert Ollinger, Thomas Engleitner, Roland Rad, Thomas Korn
Summary: Th17 cells have an intrinsic feedback mechanism to control their pathogenicity, involving the production of IL-24 and secretion of IL-10. IL-24 interacts with Grim19 on the inner mitochondrial membrane to promote STAT3 accumulation in the mitochondrial compartment, which serves as a rheostat to regulate nuclear STAT3 activity. This mechanism plays an important role in restricting immunopathology associated with Th17 cells.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Molly Javier Uyeda, Robert A. A. Freeborn, Brandon Cieniewicz, Rosa Romano, Ping (Pauline) Chen, Jeffrey Mao-Hwa Liu, Benjamin Thomas, Esmond Lee, Alma-Martina Cepika, Rosa Bacchetta, Maria Grazia Roncarolo
Summary: This study reveals that BHLHE40 is highly expressed in human Tr1 cells and regulates CD4(+) T cells by inhibiting IL-10 and promoting IFN-gamma secretion. Although BHLHE40 is not essential for differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into Tr1 cells, its overexpression induces the expression of specific surface markers. These findings highlight a novel mechanism for BHLHE40 as a regulator of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in human T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Latifa Khalfaoui, Fiona A. Symon, Simon Couillard, Beverley Hargadon, Rekha Chaudhuri, Steve Bicknell, Adel H. Mansur, Rahul Shrimanker, Timothy S. C. Hinks, Ian D. Pavord, Stephen J. Fowler, Vanessa Brown, Lorcan P. McGarvey, Liam G. Heaney, Cary D. Austin, Peter H. Howarth, Joseph R. Arron, David F. Choy, Peter Bradding
Summary: Airway pathology in severe asthma varies depending on the levels of T2 biomarkers, with similar inflammatory and structural cell activation present in both T2-high and T2-low asthma, but with higher levels of sputum T2-associated cytokines in T2-high patients.
Article
Cell Biology
Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen, Lam Nhat Nguyen, Juan Zhao, Madison Schank, Xindi Dang, Dechao Cao, Sushant Khanal, Xiao Y. Wu, Yi Zhang, Jinyu Zhang, Shunbin Ning, Ling Wang, Mohamed El Gazzar, Jonathan P. Moorman, Zhi Q. Yao
Summary: This study found that the inhibition of TRF2 expression, rather than telomerase disruption, is responsible for CD4T cell dysfunction in chronic viral infections. Restoring TRF2 may present a novel approach to prevent telomeric DNA damage and premature T-cell aging.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xue-Ying Zhang, Saeid Khakisahneh, Wei Liu, Xinyi Zhang, Weiwei Zhai, Jilong Cheng, John R. Speakman, De-Hua Wang
Summary: Host phylogeny and environment both shape the gut microbiota and host metabolic traits. The assembly of gut microbiota shows strong concordance with host phylogeny and may be influenced by environmental variables, while host metabolic traits seem to be unrelated to phylogeny.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ling Wu, Joanna Brzostek, Previtha Dawn Sakthi Vale, Qianru Wei, Clara K. T. Koh, June Xu Hui Ong, Liang-zhe Wu, Jia Chi Tan, Yen Leong Chua, Jiawei Yap, Yuan Song, Vivian Jia Yi Tan, Triscilla Y. Y. Tan, Junyun Lai, Paul A. MacAry, Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne
Summary: This study reveals that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) signaling can occur independently of the SRC family kinase (SFK) LCK and instead relies on FYN and a CD28 intracellular domain within the CAR. LCK-deficient CAR-T cells exhibit stronger signaling through CAR and show improved in vivo efficacy with reduced exhaustion phenotype and enhanced induction of memory and proliferation. These findings provide insights into the initiation of both T cell receptor (TCR) and CAR signaling and have important clinical implications for improving CAR function.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)