Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alexandra L. Whittaker, Yifan Liu, Timothy H. Barker
Summary: The Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) is a tool developed for pain assessment in laboratory mice, focusing on measuring spontaneous or non-evoked pain. A comprehensive review of 48 articles showed that while MGS is mainly used for acute pain evaluation, it has utility across various fields and animal models. Further research is needed in the use of real-time methods for pain assessment using MGS.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Pia Pascale Peppermueller, Jonathan Gehring, Eva Zentrich, Andre Bleich, Christine Haeger, Manuela Buettner
Summary: The study aimed to recognize pain in bacterial infections and chronic intestinal inflammations using the mouse grimace scale (MGS). The results showed that the highest pain level was detected 2 hours after surgery, and there were almost no signs of pain after 24 and 48 hours. The MGS did not detect increased pain in chronic intestinal colitis or infection experiments, but clinical scoring and weight loss indicated a decreased wellbeing.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Anesthesiology
Marina C. Evangelista, Beatriz P. Monteiro, Paulo Steagall
Summary: This systematic review aimed to assess the measurement properties of grimace scales for pain assessment in animals. The review found significant variability in the development and measurement properties of these scales across different species. The Mouse, Rat, Horse, and Feline Grimace Scales showed strong evidence, while the Rabbit, Lamb, Piglet, and Ferret Grimace Scales, as well as the Sheep Pain Facial Expression Scale, had moderate evidence. The Sheep Grimace Scale, EQUUS-FAP, and EQUUS-Donkey-FAP had low evidence for measurement properties. The most reported measurement property was construct validity, while reliability and other forms of validity were understudied.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gustavo Ferlini Agne, Bridget Eileen May, Amy Lovett, Olivier Simon, Catherine Steel, Luiz Santos, Laize Guedes do Carmo, Bianca Barbosa, Lais Cristine Werner, Ruan R. Daros, Andrew A. Somogyi, Benjamin Sykes, Samantha Franklin
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a pain scale system, the Horse Grimace Scale, in horses with gastric ulcers. Facial photographs were used to assess the pain scores, and the results showed that the Horse Grimace Scale was not influenced by the presence or severity of gastric ulcers. Further studies using different pain scale systems are needed for horses with gastric ulcers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ryota Watanabe, Beatriz P. Monteiro, Helene L. M. Ruel, Alice Cheng, Sabrine Marangoni, Paulo Steagall
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of sedation and anesthesia on Feline Grimace Scale (C) (FGS) scores and found that the use of dexmedetomidine-butorphanol for sedation and propofol-isoflurane for anesthesia changed the FGS scores on a short-term basis, potentially biasing acute pain assessment.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Katharina Aulehner, Cathalijn Leenaars, Verena Buchecker, Helen Stirling, Katharina Schoenhoff, Hannah King, Christine Haeger, Ines Koska, Paulin Jirkof, Andre Bleich, Marion Bankstahl, Heidrun Potschka
Summary: This study systematically analyzes the current evidence base of behavioral parameters such as grimace scale, burrowing, and nest building for assessing post-surgical pain in mice and rats. The findings suggest that grimace scale is the most commonly used parameter for evaluating post-surgical pain in rodents. However, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding the application of these parameters in different strains, age levels, and surgical procedures.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Julie Maulave, Carlota Mascaro Triedo, Karine Portier
Summary: This study assessed the reliability of a French version of the Horse Grimace Scale. The results showed that the scale can differentiate horses with visceral pain from those assumed to be pain-free, and there was high consistency among evaluators.
VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chih-Yi Chiang, Yueh-Peng Chen, Hung-Ruei Tzeng, Man-Hsin Chang, Lih-Chu Chiou, Yu-Cheng Pei
Summary: Pain assessment is crucial for pain research. We developed a deep learning model, DeepMGS, which automatically assesses mouse face images, predicts pain action unit scores and total scores, and determines the presence of pain. DeepMGS demonstrated excellent performance, accurately identifying MGS action units and strongly correlating with experienced human scorers.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Carola Fischer-Tenhagen, Jennifer Meier, Alina Pohl
Summary: Facial expression scoring has proven to be a valid and reliable method for evaluating pain in large domestic animals. Despite the need for further research to assess its accuracy, facial expression scoring shows potential as a live pen-side test.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Brandon J. Rea, Abigail Davison, Martin-Junior Ketcha, Kylie J. Smith, Aaron M. Fairbanks, Anne-Sophie Wattiez, Pieter Poolman, Randy H. Kardon, Andrew F. Russo, Levi P. Sowers
Summary: This study developed an automated scanning measurement method for quantifying pain. The method was validated for measuring responses to formalin and calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulation and demonstrated gender differences. The results suggest that the automated scanning measurement method can provide more accurate and real-time pain analysis.
Article
Anesthesiology
Elena Neumann, Laura Kupfer, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
Summary: The study explored the effects of alpha 2/alpha 3GABA(A) receptor subtype-selective modulators in alleviating neuropathic or inflammatory pain, showing significant modulation of pain behaviors.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fernando Paredes-Catota, Edy Castillo-Hidalgo, Olga Vanesa Almeida-Revelo, Henrry Daniel Vilcacundo-Paredes
Summary: This study is of great importance in the field of veterinary medicine for the assessment and treatment of pain. The use of the Feline Grimace Scale allows for accurate evaluation of pain levels in cats, and analgesia treatment effectively reduces pain levels.
REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hourieh Marghoub, Soroush Mohitmafi, Zohreh Abdolmaleki
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of Gabapentin in controlling postoperative pain in New Zealand white rabbits after ovariohysterectomy. The results showed that the Gabapentin group had the lowest pain scores and was equally effective as the Meloxicam group in controlling pain.
KAFKAS UNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hamid Meziane, Marie-Christine Birling, Olivia Wendling, Sophie Leblanc, Aline Dubos, Mohammed Selloum, Guillaume Pavlovic, Tania Sorg, Vera M. Kalscheuer, Pierre Billuart, Frederic Laumonnier, Jamel Chelly, Hans van Bokhoven, Yann Herault
Summary: Significant progress has been made in identifying new genes related to neurodevelopmental disorders in the past decade, but research on their corresponding molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms has lagged behind. This study generated mouse models for 45 genes associated with intellectual disabilities to evaluate their relationship with behavior and cognition. The results showed heterogeneity in phenotype between mutation types, recapitulating human features and emphasizing the importance of systematic approaches in deciphering the genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and developing therapeutic strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ho-Jin Lee, Yongjung Cho, Hyundeok Joo, Jae Yeong Jeon, Young-Eun Jang, Jin-Tae Kim
Summary: In this study, the verbal rating scale (VRS) and numeric rating scale (NRS) showed a high correlation in assessing pain intensity among postsurgical patients in the PACU, with a fair strength of agreement in inter-scale reliability. VRS had a higher response rate compared to NRS, indicating that VRS is a reasonable and practical pain assessment tool for postsurgical patients in the PACU.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Aurelie Anic Thomas, Johann Detilleux, Charlotte Friederike Sandersen, Paul Andrew Flecknell
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henri G. M. J. Bertrand, Charlotte F. Sandersen, Paul A. Flecknell
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2017)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nathalie Percie du Sert, Alessio Alfieri, Stuart M. Allan, Hilary V. O. Carswell, Graeme A. Deuchar, Tracy D. Farr, Paul Flecknell, Lindsay Gallagher, Claire L. Gibson, Michael J. Haley, Malcolm R. Macleod, Barry W. McColl, Christopher McCabe, Anna Morancho, Lawrence D. F. Moon, Michael J. O'Neill, Isabel Perez de Puig, Anna Planas, C. Ian Ragan, Anna Rosell, Lisa A. Roy, Kathryn O. Ryder, Alba Simats, Emily S. Sena, Brad A. Sutherland, Mark D. Tricklebank, Rebecca C. Trueman, Lucy Whitfield, Raymond Wong, I. Mhairi Macrae
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henri G. M. J. Bertrand, Charlotte Sandersen, Jennifer Murray, Paul A. Flecknell
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henri G. M. J. Bertrand, Svenja Springer, Wesley Burnside, Charlotte Sandersen, Paul A. Flecknell
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ellis N. ter Horst, Paul A. J. Krijnen, Paul Flecknell, Klaas W. Meyer, Klaas Kramer, Anja M. van der Laan, Jan J. Piek, Hans W. M. Niessen
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henri G. M. J. Bertrand, Charlotte Sandersen, Paul A. Flecknell
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer Lofgren, Amy L. Miller, Claudia Chui Shan Lee, Carla Bradshaw, Paul Flecknell, Johnny Roughan
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2018)
Review
Anesthesiology
Mary P. Klinck, Jeffrey S. Mogil, Maxim Moreau, B. Duncan X. Lascelles, Paul A. Flecknell, Thierry Poitte, Eric Troncy
Letter
Veterinary Sciences
Eddie Clutton, Guen Bradbury, David Chennells, Ngaire Dennison, Juliet Duncan, Bryony Few, Paul Flecknell, Huw Golledge, Dorothy McKeegan, Kathy Murphy, Gabrielle C. Musk, Polly Taylor
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kris A. Descovich, Jennifer Wathan, Matthew C. Leach, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, Paul Flecknell, David Farningham, Sarah-Jane Vick
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Henri Georges Michel Justin Bertrand, Charlotte Sandersen, Paul Andrew Flecknell
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Paul Flecknell
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmine M. Clarkson, Dominic M. Dwyer, Paul A. Flecknell, Matthew C. Leach, Candy Rowe
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aurelie Thomas, Johann Detilleux, Paul Flecknell, Charlotte Sandersen