Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Harrison C. Bergeron, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Nirsevimab (MEDI8897) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the RSV F protein with an extended half-life, developed for the prevention of LRTI caused by RSV. It is a next-generation RSV medicine that only requires a single dose to protect infants for the entire RSV season. Despite the approval of nirsevimab, there is still a need for more effective RSV vaccines and treatments.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecca Elyanow, Thomas M. Snyder, Sudeb C. Dalai, Rachel M. Gittelman, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anna Wald, Stacy Selke, Mark H. Wener, Chihiro Morishima, Alexander L. Greninger, Michael Gale, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Lichen Jing, Michael R. Holbrook, Ian M. Kaplan, H. Jabran Zahid, Damon H. May, Jonathan M. Carlson, Lance Baldo, Thomas Manley, Harlan S. Robins, David M. Koelle
Summary: This study suggests that measuring T cell responses can provide reliable assessment of past SARS-CoV-2 infection and protective immunity. T cell responses showed significant correlations with neutralizing antibody titers and disease severity indicators. T cell testing demonstrated high sensitivity even after 6 months of infection, outperforming serology tests in identifying prior infection, especially in individuals with milder disease.
Article
Biology
Nicholas K. Hurlburt, Leah J. Homad, Irika Sinha, Madeleine F. Jennewein, Anna J. MacCamy, Yu-Hsin Wan, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anton M. Sholukh, Panpan Zhou, Dennis R. Burton, Raiees Andrabi, Leonidas Stamatatos, Marie Pancera, Andrew T. McGuire, Gabriel Ozorowski, Andrew B. Ward
Summary: Structural and functional characterisation of antibody CV3-25 reveals its wide neutralisation spectrum against multiple SARS-CoV2 variants, including the Alpha, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants, as well as a SARS-CoV-like bat coronavirus. This study highlights the importance of CV3-25 as a potential therapeutic and vaccine candidate for broad protection against coronaviruses.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Michael Boeckh, Alpana Waghmare
Summary: Monoclonal antibody administration is an important strategy for preventing and treating respiratory viral infections in vulnerable populations. Recent innovations have led to the development of novel mAbs against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, although the emergence of variants poses challenges. Clinical efficacy of mAbs can be improved by modulating factors such as Fc modifications to increase bioavailability and half-life. The landscape of mAbs for respiratory viruses is evolving rapidly with both successes and failures, but the armamentarium of available mAbs is expected to continue growing.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Hematology
Michael A. Gonzalez, Atif M. Bhatti, Kristin Fitzpatrick, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Meei-Li Huang, Victoria L. Campbell, Jessica Hecht, Sarah Ibrahimi, Shera N. Wanner, Damian J. Green, David G. Maloney, Jordan Gauthier, Andrew J. Cowan, Alexander L. Greninger, Elizabeth M. Krantz, David M. Koelle, Joshua A. Hill
Article
Surgery
Joshua A. Hill, Erika S. Kiem, Atif Bhatti, Winnie Liu, Jacob Keane-Candib, Kristin S. Fitzpatrick, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Rebecca A. Gardner, Damian J. Green, David G. Maloney, Cameron J. Turtle, Jodi M. Smith, Idoia Gimferrer, Christopher D. Blosser, Shaun W. Jackson
Summary: The presence of anti-HLA antibodies hinders successful organ transplantation. B cell-depleting treatments have limited effectiveness in reducing these antibodies. This study suggests that long-lived plasma cells, not effectively targeted by B cell depletion, are the primary source of anti-HLA antibodies. Plasma cell-targeted therapies may be more effective in managing HLA antibodies and improving access to organ transplantation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kristin S. Fitzpatrick, Hanna N. Degefu, Katrina Poljakov, Madeleine G. Bibby, Allison J. Remington, Tyler G. Searles, Matthew D. Gray, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Pamela C. Rosato, Justin J. Taylor
Summary: The study of Ag-specific lymphocytes has made significant advancements in immunology. However, there is a lack of quality control and evaluation for the probes used in these studies. To address this issue, researchers have developed a bead-based multiplexed approach to assess the performance and stability of peptide:MHC and antigen tetramers. This study has revealed batch-to-batch variability and highlighted the potential for standardized assays to reduce technical variation and experimental failures caused by underperforming probes.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Harrison C. Bergeron, Jackelyn Murray, Aakash Arora, Ana M. Nunez M. Castrejon, Rebecca M. DuBois, Larry J. Anderson, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory disease in infants and elderly. Current immune prophylaxis is limited to anti-RSV fusion (F) protein monoclonal antibody (mAb). However, mAbs targeting the attachment (G) protein are necessary to prevent aberrant pathogenic responses. Two high-affinity anti-G protein mAbs, 3D3 and 2D10, have been identified as effective in neutralizing RSV and reducing disease. This study compares the neutralization and immune responses of 3D3, 2D10, and palivizumab in a mouse model of RSV infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Madelyn Caban, Justas V. V. Rodarte, Madeleine Bibby, Matthew D. D. Gray, Justin J. J. Taylor, Marie Pancera, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
Summary: This study identified two cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that target both HPIV3 and HPIV1, and RSV and HMPV respectively. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated their efficacy and provided structural basis for their binding and neutralization. Therefore, a combination of these two antibodies could provide broad protection against four respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk individuals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Influenza virus constantly changes, making it difficult to develop immunity through vaccination. Efforts are being made to develop universal vaccines that can protect against various strains of influenza viruses. Understanding the host immune response is crucial for vaccine development.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2023)
Article
Virology
David E. Martin, Neelam Pandey, Purvi Chavda, Gurpreet Singh, Rakesh Sutariya, Frederic Sancilio, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study suggests that treating symptomatic mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients with probenecid can significantly decrease the time to viral clearance and result in a higher proportion of complete symptom resolution by day 10.
Review
Microbiology
Harrison C. Bergeron, Matthew R. Hansen, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This review examines the roles and functions of type I, II, and III IFN responses to respiratory virus infections, as well as the specific IFN responses underlying immunity and protection from disease.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Harrison C. Bergeron, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study investigates how monoclonal antibodies against the RSV F and G proteins modify the type I and III IFN responses to RSV infection. The findings reveal that an anti-G protein monoclonal antibody improves the protective early antiviral response, which has important implications for vaccine and therapeutic design. This research provides insights into the role of G protein antibodies in improving IFN responses against RSV disease.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ralph A. Tripp, David E. Martin
Summary: In the early stages of drug discovery, assays are developed to evaluate the effectiveness of new and known molecular entities, primarily targeting specific features within the virus. However, screening efforts often prioritize finding active antiviral drugs against known viral targets, overlooking drugs that inhibit virus replication by targeting host genes or pathways.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Yanjun Yang, Jackelyn Murray, James Haverstick, Ralph A. Tripp, Yiping Zhao
Summary: This paper presents a rapid coronavirus detection method using a LSPR sensor based on functionalized silver nanotriangle array and ACE2 protein, which shows high sensitivity and specificity with a short detection time.
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XXIII
(2022)