Article
Immunology
Yonghong Liu, Shirin Strohmeier, Irene Gonzalez-Dominguez, Jessica Tan, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Weina Sun
Summary: By generating and sequentially vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza B viruses displaying mosaic HAs, researchers have successfully induced long-lasting and cross-protective antibody responses. These findings represent a significant step towards the development of a universal influenza B virus vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lindsay Hill-Batorski, Yasuko Hatta, Michael J. Moser, Sally Sarawar, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Pamuk Bilsel
Summary: The novel influenza vaccine platform M2- or BM2-deficient single replication (M2SR and BM2SR) has been shown to induce strong immune responses and protect against drifted influenza strains. In animal models, both monovalent and quadrivalent formulations of M2SR were non-pathogenic and elicited robust neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccinated animals demonstrated reduced weight loss, decreased viral replication, and enhanced survival following challenge with wildtype influenza strains. Heterosubtypic cross-protection was observed, with vaccinated animals exhibiting decreased viral titers and eliciting neutralizing antibodies towards drifted strains.
Article
Immunology
Chimuka Handabile, Toshiki Sekiya, Naoki Nomura, Marumi Ohno, Tomomi Kawakita, Masashi Shingai, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: Despite the use of vaccines, seasonal influenza remains a risk to public health. A study compared the immunological potency of a inactivated whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) and a split vaccine (SV) and found that WPV induced higher levels of antibodies against heterologous influenza viruses, providing better protection. Specifically, WPV induced neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) antibodies that recognized NA of divergent strains, contributing to its effectiveness in protecting against infection from heterologous influenza viruses.
Article
Immunology
Eve Victoria Singleton, Chloe Jayne Gates, Shannon Christa David, Timothy Raymond Hirst, Justin Bryan Davies, Mohammed Alsharifi
Summary: In this study, the immunogenicity of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine under different temperature conditions was compared, and it was found that regardless of temperature, the structural integrity and vaccine efficacy were well maintained. Interestingly, using higher temperature and lower radiation dose seemed to induce stronger immune responses. This suggests that simplifying irradiation protocols to manufacture effective irradiated vaccines may be possible.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mark B. Carascal, Rance Derrick N. Pavon, Windell L. Rivera
Summary: This review discusses the progress and advances in the development of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs) in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction for universal vaccine production. Vaccination is considered the most effective strategy against the influenza virus, and RIVs have shown promising potential as universal vaccine candidates.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Masashi Shingai, Naoki Nomura, Toshiki Sekiya, Marumi Ohno, Daisuke Fujikura, Chimuka Handabile, Ryosuke Omori, Yuki Ohara, Tomohiro Nishimura, Masafumi Endo, Kazuhiko Kimachi, Ryotarou Mitsumata, Tomio Ikeda, Hiroki Kitayama, Hironori Hatanaka, Tomoyoshi Sobue, Fumihito Muro, Saori Suzuki, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Hirohito Ishigaki, Misako Nakayama, Yuya Mori, Yasushi Itoh, Marios Koutsakos, Brendon Y. Chua, Lorena E. Brown, David C. Jackson, Katherine Kedzierska, Kazumasa Ogasawara, Yoichiro Kino, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: The study showed that whole virus particle vaccines (WPVs) are more effective in priming immune responses and inducing innate immune responses compared to split vaccines (SVs), making them a potential alternative for seasonal influenza vaccines, especially for children.
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Lauren Fischer, Dan O'Brien, Joe Vasey, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-propagated inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) versus egg-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (eIIV4) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in the 2018-2019 US season. The results showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters in individuals vaccinated with ccIIV4 compared to eIIV4, supporting ccIIV4 as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shannon C. David, Erin B. Brazel, Eve Singleton, Vikrant Minhas, Zoe Laan, Catherine Scougall, Austen Y. Chen, Hui Wang, Chloe J. Gates, Kimberley T. McLean, Jeremy S. Brown, Giuseppe Ercoli, Rachel A. Higgins, Paul Licciardi, Kim Mulholland, Justin B. Davies, Timothy R. Hirst, James C. Paton, Mohammed Alsharifi
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a global threat, with diverse antigenic characteristics posing challenges for vaccine development. To address this, a novel serotype-independent vaccine has been developed, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to Prevnar13. Notably, the vaccine showed enhanced performance without the use of an adjuvant, suggesting potential implications for future vaccine development strategies.
Article
Immunology
Sally Sarawar, Claudia R. Gabaglia, Adriana Sanchez, Yasuko Hatta, Peter Dias, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Pamuk Bilsel
Summary: Seasonal influenza and global pandemics remain a serious threat to public health. Conventional influenza vaccines provide limited protection, but the single-replication vaccine M2SR has shown to offer lasting cross-protection against heterosubtypic influenza viruses due to B cell immune mechanisms in a mouse model.
Article
Immunology
Weiwei Zeng, Yingying Wang, Huzi Hu, Qing Wang, Sven M. Bergmann, Yahui Wang, Bo Li, Yuefeng Lv, Hua Li, Jiyuan Yin, Yingying Li
Summary: The study evaluated the immunological effects and protective efficacy of formaldehyde- and beta-propiolactone-inactivated vaccines against TiLV in tilapia, with and without the adjuvant Montanide IMS 1312 VG. Beta-propiolactone-inactivated vaccine showed higher protection efficacy against virus challenge compared to formaldehyde, generating specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies against TiLV. The vaccine also significantly lowered viral loads, increased survival rates, and stimulated a protective immune response, indicating potential for inhibiting viral proliferation.
Article
Microbiology
Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Omnia Kutkat, Mohamed El Sayes, Ahmed N. El Taweel, Maha AlKhazindar, Elsayed T. AbdElSalam, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali
Summary: Research has shown that besides expressing the HA of H5N8, PR8 vaccine strains expressing other internal proteins from the H5N8 strain are unable to efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies, but can provide some protection to infected chickens six days post infection, possibly related to cell-based immunity.
Article
Immunology
Richard I. Walker, A. Louis Bourgeois
Summary: Oral immunization is an effective strategy against mucosal enteric pathogens. Inactivated whole bacterial cells can also induce protective immunity. Developing a safe and simple delivery format with controlled immunogenic amounts of complex antigens is essential. Enhancing the efficacy of whole cell vaccines can be achieved through genetic engineering and the use of mucosal adjuvants. The development of ETVAX, a vaccine candidate against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Noopur Bhatnagar, Ki-Hye Kim, Jeeva Subbiah, Sakinah Muhammad-Worsham, Bo Ryoung Park, Rong Liu, Phillip Grovenstein, Bao-Zhong Wang, Sang-Moo Kang
Summary: The study suggests that heterologous prime-boost influenza vaccination strategy is more effective in inducing broader protective immunity compared to repeated vaccination with the same antigen, by increasing strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition titers and high levels of IgG antibodies.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yufeng Song, Wandi Zhu, Ye Wang, Lei Deng, Yao Ma, Chunhong Dong, Gilbert X. Gonzalez, Joo Kim, Lai Wei, Sang -Moo Kang, Bao-Zhong Wang
Summary: Influenza B vaccine efficacy is limited by antigenicity changes, but this study developed double-layered protein nanoparticles incorporating structure-stabilized antigens, effectively inducing broad immune responses and providing cross-immune protection against multiple influenza B virus strains.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pin-Hung Lin, Chieh-Yu Liang, Bing-Yu Yao, Hui-Wen Chen, Ching-Fu Pan, Li-Ling Wu, Yi-Hsuan Lin, Yu-Sung Hsu, Yu-Han Liu, Pei-Jer Chen, Che-Ming Jack Hu, Hung-Chih Yang
Summary: The study shows that safe and potent induction of lung-resident memory T cells can be achieved using a biodegradable polymeric nanoshell co-encapsulating antigenic peptides and TLR9 agonist CpG-ODN. This combinatorial nanoshell vaccine elicits durable immunity against influenza viruses and offers critical insights for developing broadly protective vaccines against respiratory pathogens.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jesus Gil-Pulido, Nuria Amezaga, Ivana Jorgacevic, Helga D. Manthey, Melanie Roesch, Theresa Brand, Peter Cidlinsky, Sarah Schafer, Andreas Beilhack, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Kristina Lorenz, Louis Boon, Immo Prinz, Ari Waisman, Thomas Korn, Clement Cochain, Alma Zernecke
Summary: IL-23R(+) gamma delta T cells predominantly found in the aortic root promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation, plaque necrosis, and inflammation at this site. Targeting IL-23R may be explored as a therapeutic approach to mitigate atherosclerotic lesion development.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Y. Tian, J. Lee, K. van der Maaden, Y. Bhide, J. J. de Vries-Idema, R. Akkerman, C. O'Mahony, W. Jiskoot, H. W. Frijlink, A. L. W. Huckriede, W. L. J. Hinrichs, J. A. Bouwstra, M. Beukema
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of trehalose/pullulan-based dissolving-microneedle-arrays (dMNAs) as an alternative dosage form for influenza vaccination. The produced dMNAs have sufficient mechanical strength and stability to penetrate ex vivo human skin and dissolve within a short period of time to release antigens. Immunization of mice with influenza antigens via freshly prepared or stored dMNAs resulted in antibody titers comparable to intramuscularly injected mice, providing partial protection against influenza virus infection.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cajsa H. Classon, Muzhen Li, Ada Lerma Clavero, Junjie Ma, Xiaogang Feng, Christopher A. Tibbitt, Julian M. Stark, Rebeca Cardoso, Emma Ringqvist, Louis Boon, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Antonio Gigliotti Rothfuchs, Liv Eidsmo, Jonathan M. Coquet, Susanne Nylen
Summary: Infection by strictly intestinal helminths can increase the numbers of CD4(+) T cells in the skin of mice, leading to a skewed T(H)2 cell composition and long-term effects on skin immune responses. This indicates a novel gut-to-skin cell trafficking process and worm-mediated immunosuppression.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roos S. G. Sablerolles, Wim J. R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in healthcare workers who had received a single-shot Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The results showed that booster vaccinations increased the levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses compared to a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Boosters containing mRNA-based vaccines induced significantly higher levels of binding antibodies than homologous boosters. The mRNA-1273 booster was the most immunogenic but had higher reactogenicity compared to the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Riem Gawish, Philipp Starkl, Lisabeth Pimenov, Anastasiya Hladik, Karin Lakovits, Felicitas Oberndorfer, Shane J. F. Cronin, Anna Ohradanova-Repic, Gerald Wirnsberger, Benedikt Agerer, Lukas Endler, Tumay Capraz, Jan W. Perthold, Domagoj Cikes, Rubina Koglgruber, Astrid Hagelkruys, Nuria Montserrat, Ali Mirazimi, Louis Boon, Hannes Stockinger, Andreas Bergthaler, Chris Oostenbrink, Josef M. Penninger, Sylvia Knapp
Summary: Despite progress in understanding COVID-19, limited mechanistic insight into immunological factors and disease severity remains. Scientists generated a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain, maVie16, and found that cytokine-driven immunopathology and ACE2 dependence determine disease severity. This study provides a new tool for discovering therapies.
Article
Cell Biology
Phillip Pymm, Stefan Tenzer, Edmund Wee, Mirjana Weimershaus, Anne Burgevin, Simon Kollnberger, Jan Gerstoft, Tracy M. Josephs, Kristin Ladell, James E. McLaren, Victor Appay, David A. Price, Lars Fugger, John I. Bell, Hansjoerg Schild, Peter van Endert, Maria Harkiolaki, Astrid K. N. Iversen
Summary: This study discovers that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses to a specific epitope in the human immunodeficiency virus are associated with enhanced immune control. The length and mutations of the epitope influence the CTL and NK cell responses, leading to viral escape.
Article
Cell Biology
Gaurang Jhala, Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy, Thomas C. Brodnicki, Tingting Ge, Satoru Akazawa, Claudia Selck, Prerak M. Trivedi, Evan G. Pappas, Leanne Mackin, Nicola Principe, Erwan Bremaud, David J. De George, Louis Boon, Ian Smyth, Jonathan Chee, Thomas W. H. Kay, Helen E. Thomas
Summary: IFN gamma regulates the expansion of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells by controlling the expression of SOCS-1. Despite reduced inflammation in Ifngr-mutant mice, the expanded CD8(+) T cells may contribute to normal diabetes progression.
Article
Immunology
Roos S. G. Sablerolles, Wim J. R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Katharina S. Schmitz, Daryl Geers, Susanne Bogers, Eva van Haren, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Renate Akkerman, Martin Beukema, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T cells remained detectable 5 months after boosting with Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, although there was a decline in antibody levels and limited cross-reactivity with Omicron BA.1.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Biochemical Research Methods
Mikhail Goncharov, Dmitry Bagaev, Dmitrii Shcherbinin, Ivan Zvyagin, Dmitry Bolotin, Paul G. Thomas, Anastasia A. Minervina, Mikhail V. Pogorelyy, Kristin Ladell, James E. McLaren, David A. Price, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, E. Bridie Clemens, Katherine Kedzierska, Garry Dolton, Cristina Rafael Rius, Andrew Sewell, Jerome Samir, Fabio Luciani, Ksenia V. Zornikova, Alexandra A. Khmelevskaya, Saveliy A. Sheetikov, Grigory A. Efimov, Dmitry Chudakov, Mikhail Shugay
Article
Immunology
Davide Proietto, Beatrice Dallan, Eleonora Gallerani, Valentina Albanese, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Victor Appay, Salvatore Pacifico, Antonella Caputo, Francesco Nicoli, Riccardo Gavioli
Summary: Age-related changes in the immune system affect the ability of elderly individuals to generate effective CD8(+) T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. Elderly individuals show a deficit in priming naive precursors into effector CD8(+) T cells, resulting in reduced diversity and expression frequency of IFN-gamma in CD8(+) T cell responses. These findings have implications for developing strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
Article
Biology
Freya R. R. Shepherd, Kate Davies, Kelly L. L. Miners, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, Simon Kollnberger, James E. E. Redman, Melissa M. M. Grant, Kristin Ladell, David A. A. Price, James E. E. McLaren
Summary: Severe bacterial or viral infections can lead to an overactive immune response known as a cytokine storm. Superantigens are potent toxins that activate T cells non-specifically, leading to T cell dysfunction and immune evasion. This study found that TRBV12-3/12-4(+) T cells are highly responsive to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lisa Ciacchi, Martijn D. B. van de Garde, Kristin Ladell, Carine Farenc, Martien C. M. Poelen, Kelly L. Miners, Carmen Llerena, Hugh H. Reid, Jan Petersen, David A. Price, Jamie Rossjohn, Cecile A. C. M. van Els
Summary: A new research found that the immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae are mediated by CD4+ T cells. The study identified an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope from pneumolysin, which can be presented by different HLA allotypes and recognized by diverse TCRs. The immunogenicity of this epitope is determined by core residues in a conserved undecapeptide region, enabling cross-recognition of heterologous bacterial pathogens. These findings provide insights into the immune response against bacterial infections and can inform strategies to combat life-threatening infectious diseases.
Review
Immunology
Marcus Buggert, David A. Price, Laura K. Mackay, Michael R. Betts
Summary: Our current understanding of human memory CD8(+) T cells mainly comes from studies of the intravascular space, but new data challenges some established ideas and suggests the need for conceptual revision. This review provides a brief history of the field and summarizes the biology of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells, which play a crucial role in immune surveillance. The authors also discuss how future human studies can improve our understanding of CD8(+) T cells and inform the development of better immunotherapies and vaccines.
Correction
Immunology
Marcus Buggert, David A. Price, Laura K. Mackay, Michael R. Betts
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
R. Sablerolles, W. Rietdijk, A. Goorhuis, D. Postma, L. Visser, M. Koopmans, V Dalm, N. Kootstra, A. Huckriede, M. Lafeber, D. van Baarle, C. GeurtsvanKessel, R. de Vries, H. van der Kuy
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)