Article
Engineering, Civil
Lin Chen, Jing Qian, Bing Tu, Dan M. Frangopol, You Dong
Summary: The paper introduces a framework for assessing reinforced concrete bridge piers under vehicle collision, considering various factors like distance, angle, and velocity. Probabilistic models are developed to evaluate structural demand and capacity, aiding in the design and management of RC bridge piers.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Guofa Li, Yifan Yang, Tingru Zhang, Xingda Qu, Dongpu Cao, Bo Cheng, Keqiang Li
Summary: The paper proposed a risk assessment based decision-making algorithm for collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles, using a probabilistic-model based situation assessment module and a collision avoidance strategy with driving style preferences. Experimental results demonstrated the reliability of the algorithm in avoiding collisions in different scenarios, meeting the demands of various drivers and passengers, and improving the acceptance of autonomous vehicles.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chuan Sun, Sifa Zheng, Yulin Ma, Duanfeng Chu, Junru Yang, Yuncheng Zhou, Yicheng Li, Tingxuan Xu
Summary: This paper focuses on analysing vehicle active safety control of collision avoidance for intelligent connected vehicles in a real driving risk scenario by setting up vehicle dynamics based state-space equations and implementing an active collision avoidance strategy based on model predictive control method. The research findings can effectively improve automatic driving, intelligent transportation efficiency and road traffic safety.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kristina Chyn, Te-En Lin, David P. Wilkinson, James L. Tracy, A. Michelle Lawing, Lee A. Fitzgerald
Summary: Robust and spatially explicit approaches are necessary to identify environmental correlates of roadkill and set conservation priorities. By utilizing species distribution models and environmental covariates, this study predicted wildlife road mortality across a nationwide road network, highlighting the importance of systematic data collection and the production of individual models for different groups of interest. The research provides valuable insights into predicted high- and low-risk areas for various ecological guilds and endangered species, offering interactive roadkill risk maps as conservation tools for managers and practitioners.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Frank Loh, Noah Mehling, Stefan Geissler, Tobias Hossfeld
Summary: Low Power Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) are a promising solution for future IoT deployments due to their low energy requirements and long battery lifetimes. However, the technology is limited by low throughput rates and the unreliable nature of LoRa. To address these challenges, we propose a novel graph-based gateway placement approach that reduces collision probability and the number of required gateways. We also overcome scalability challenges by pre-clustering and efficiently solving large network instances.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Woo-Ju Son, Ik-Soon Cho
Summary: This study converts the collision frequency per ship into an annual collision frequency equation using the annual frequency of collapse. Through analysis of maritime traffic distribution and clustering of passing ships by tonnage, the annual collision frequency suitable for different ship sizes is calculated. The results are deemed suitable as a global safety standard for maritime traffic.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Masoumeh Parseh, Mikael Nybacka, Fredrik Asplund
Summary: This paper proposes a framework that incorporates the post-impact motion of an impacted vehicle into the decision-making process of severity minimisation motion planning. Through simulations and analysis, the effects of vehicle model complexity and collision parameters sensitivity are revealed, highlighting the importance of considering vehicle dynamics models and collision models in further research.
VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Pengfei Fan, Guohua Song, Zijun Zhu, Yizheng Wu, Zhiqiang Zhai, Lei Yu
Summary: This paper proposes a cost-efficient road grade estimation solution based on the difference in fuel consumption rate between flat and graded roads. The proposed method achieves high accuracy in obtaining road grades in largescale road networks. Validation using real-world road grades and a large dataset of vehicle operating data shows that the method performs well, with a mean absolute error of 0.12%. The inclusion of largerscale fuel consumption data contributes to reducing estimation errors.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Adam Mubeen, Laddaporn Ruangpan, Zoran Vojinovic, Arlex Sanchez Torrez, Jasna Plavsic
Summary: The adverse effects of climate change, particularly floods, are posing significant challenges for water managers worldwide. Traditional measures are no longer sufficient due to increased risks of storms and extreme precipitation. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) offer an alternative to reduce flood risks, but require careful planning and consideration of various factors. This paper proposes a methodology for allocating large-scale NBS using suitability mapping, which has shown potential as a decision-support tool for selecting and implementing NBS interventions.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Guenole Chone, Pascale M. Biron, Thomas Buffin-Belanger, Iulia Mazgareanu, Jeff C. Neal, Christopher C. Sampson
Summary: This study introduces a novel large-scale flood modeling approach using high-resolution LiDAR DEMs and hydrogeomorphological GIS tools, demonstrating significant improvements in simulating flood levels at the watershed scale through validation in four different watersheds in Quebec.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Zhao, Zhenpo Wang, Zuo-Jun Max Shen, Fengchun Sun
Summary: The research reveals that blindly increasing the battery energy of urban EVs could be detrimental to sustainable development, especially with large-scale EV utilization, and seasonal shifts may exacerbate the impact of changes in energy consumption of EVs. For instance, even with a constant monthly driving demand, the average energy consumption of Beijing light-duty EVs could change by up to 21% during winter-spring shifts. The findings may also be useful for research on battery resources, urban power supply, environmental impacts, and policymaking.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nadia Bloemendaal, Hans de Moel, Andrew B. Martinez, Sanne Muis, Ivan D. Haigh, Karin van der Wiel, Reindert J. Haarsma, Philip J. Ward, Malcolm J. Roberts, Job C. M. Dullaart, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Summary: This study presents a new approach to investigate future changes in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. They generated synthetic tropical cyclones for 10,000 years using a statistical model and assessed changes in wind speed probabilities using high-resolution maps. The results suggest that the probability of intense tropical cyclones may more than double, except for the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mexico.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Amalie Heiberg, Thomas Nakken Larsen, Eivind Meyer, Adil Rasheed, Omer San, Damiano Varagnolo
Summary: Autonomous systems are gaining momentum in the marine sector and have the potential to reduce environmental impact, lower costs, and increase efficiency. Deep reinforcement learning is seen as a promising approach for implementing autonomous marine vessels.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Bolun Wang, Zachary Ferguson, Teseo Schneider, Xin Jiang, Marco Attene, Daniele Panozzo
Summary: The current state of continuous collision detection algorithms is characterized by slow speed, lack of correctness, and high false positive rates. By combining traditional algorithms with modern design techniques, a simple and efficient new algorithm has been proposed that strikes a balance between runtime efficiency and false positives.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andreu Rico, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Marco Vighi, Andrea V. Waichman, Gabriel Silva de Souza Nunes, Rhaul de Oliveira, Cecilie Singdahl-Larsen, Rachel Hurley, Luca Nizzetto, Theresa Scheld
Summary: This study investigated the presence and risks of microplastics in Amazonian freshwater ecosystems. Microplastics were found to be ubiquitous contaminants in the Amazon River and its tributaries, with concentrations ranging from 5 to 152 microplastics particles/m3. However, the exposure concentrations were lower than the calculated hazardous concentrations, suggesting that ecological impacts are not likely to occur.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Nadja Klein, Torsten Hothorn, Luisa Barbanti, Thomas Kneib
Summary: Regression models are an important aspect of contemporary regression analysis, but often rely on simplistic assumptions. We propose a general framework for multivariate conditional transformation models that can describe the entire distribution in a tractable and interpretable yet flexible way, allowing for non-linear effects of covariates and likelihood-based inference.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jana Englmeier, Oliver Mitesser, M. Eric Benbow, Torsten Hothorn, Christian von Hoermann, Caryl Benjamin, Ute Fricke, Cristina Ganuza, Maria Haensel, Sarah Redlich, Rebekka Riebl, Sandra Rojas Botero, Thomas Rummler, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Elisa Stengel, Cynthia Tobisch, Johannes Uhler, Lars Uphus, Jie Zhang, Jorg Mueller
Summary: Land-use intensification and climate change pose threats to ecosystem functions, especially the decomposition of necromass. This study measured the decomposition of rat carrion and bison dung across a climate gradient and different land-use types, finding that decomposition of dung was influenced by elevation while carrion decomposition was affected by both elevation and temperature. Insects played a significant role in carrion decay but had no effect on dung decomposition. The findings highlight the potential impacts of climate change and insect decline on decomposition processes and ecosystem self-regulation.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Sandra Siegfried, Stephen Senn, Torsten Hothorn
Summary: The question of how to leverage individual patient data for designing more powerful clinical trials becomes increasingly important in the era of digitalization. Incorporating historical information in the design and analysis of future clinical trials can lead to smaller yet equally powerful studies. A study found that adjusting the analysis with respect to a prognostic score obtained from historical data can significantly reduce the required sample size.
BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Joerg Mueller, Oliver Mitesser, Marc W. Cadotte, Fons van der Plas, Akira S. Mori, Christian Ammer, Anne Chao, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Petr Baldrian, Claus Baessler, Peter Biedermann, Simone Cesarz, Alice Classen, Benjamin M. Delory, Heike Feldhaar, Andreas Fichtner, Torsten Hothorn, Claudia Kuenzer, Marcell K. Peters, Kerstin Pierick, Thomas Schmitt, Bernhard Schuldt, Dominik Seidel, Diana Six, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Simon Thorn, Goddert von Oheimb, Martin Wegmann, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Nico Eisenhauer
Summary: Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (alpha-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch beta-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (gamma-diversity).
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
David Ruegamer, Philipp F. M. Baumann, Thomas Kneib, Torsten Hothorn
Summary: Probabilistic forecasting of time series is a crucial task in various applications and research domains. This paper introduces Autoregressive Transformation Models (ATMs), which aim to combine expressive distributional forecasts with an interpretable model specification by utilizing a semi-parametric distribution assumption. The properties of ATMs are demonstrated through both theoretical analysis and empirical evaluation on simulated and real-world forecasting datasets.
STATISTICS AND COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Sandra Siegfried, Lucas Kook, Torsten Hothorn
Summary: We introduce a generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) for distribution-free and parsimonious regression modelling. The model replaces strict parametric distribution with a transformation function and limits the number of linear or smooth model terms. Likelihood and score functions are derived for various types of observations. Various algorithms are used for model estimation and parameter interpretability is connected to model selection. A novel best subset selection procedure is proposed for simpler interpretation. Numerous applications are provided as examples and all analyses are reproducible using the tram add-on package to the R system.
AMERICAN STATISTICIAN
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Benjamin M. L. Leroy, Dominik Rabl, Marcel Puels, Sophia Hochrein, Soyeon Bae, Joerg Mueller, Paul D. N. Hebert, Maria L. Kuzmina, Evgeny V. Zakharov, Hannes Lemme, W. Andreas Hahn, Torben Hilmers, Martin Jacobs, Sebastian Kienlein, Hans Pretzsch, Lea Heidrich, Sebastian Seibold, Nicolas Roth, Sebastian Vogel, Peter Kriegel, Wolfgang W. Weisser
Summary: Tebufenozide treatments and spongy moth outbreaks both affect canopy herbivore communities, but the impact of tebufenozide treatments is stronger and longer-lasting, limited to Lepidoptera, whereas the outbreak affects both Lepidoptera and Symphyta. This highlights the limited accuracy of current defoliation forecast methods used for insecticide spraying decisions.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ainesh Sewak, Torsten Hothorn
Summary: Receiver operating characteristic analysis is widely used for evaluating the accuracy of medical diagnostic tests. However, there is no consensus on a single framework for consistent statistical inference in handling complex medical data. We propose a regression model that accommodates these complexities and provides unbiased estimates with nominal coverage.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Janine Rietz, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck Calkoen, Nicolas Ferry, Jens Schlueter, Helena Wehner, Karl-Heinz Schindlatz, Tomas Lackner, Christian von Hoermann, Franz J. Conraths, Jorg Mueller, Marco Heurich
Summary: Because animal carcasses often serve as reservoirs for pathogens, their location and removal are crucial in controlling the spread of diseases. Recent studies have shown that infrared sensors can be used to locate animal carcasses, but little is known about the factors influencing detection success. In this study, we investigated the potential of infrared technology to locate wild boar carcasses, as they play an important role in the spread of African swine fever. Our results showed that the thermal camera accurately measured carcass temperature and that the probability of finding carcasses was influenced by environmental and carcass conditions such as habitat type, air temperature, canopy openness, and decomposition stage.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jia-Yun Zou, Marc W. Cadotte, Claus Baessler, Roland Brandl, Petr Baldrian, Werner Borken, Elisa Stengel, Ya-Huang Luo, Joerg Mueller, Sebastian Seibold
Summary: This study found that both species richness and functional diversity of beetles have significant effects on wood decomposition rate, with functional diversity being linked to beetle biomass and the presence of a large-bodied species. Additionally, beetles have indirect effects on wood decomposition via bacterial diversity, fungal community composition, and fungal biomass.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joerg Mueller, Oliver Mitesser, H. Martin Schaefer, Sebastian Seibold, Annika Busse, Peter Kriegel, Dominik Rabl, Rudy Gelis, Alejandro Arteaga, Juan Freile, Gabriel Augusto Leite, Tomaz Nascimento de Melo, John G. Lebien, Marconi Campos-Cerqueira, Nico Bluethgen, Constance J. Tremlett, Dennis Boettger, Heike Feldhaar, Nina Grella, Ana Falconi-Lopez, David A. Donoso, Jerome Moriniere, Zuzana Burivalova
Summary: This study used bioacoustics and metabarcoding to measure forest recovery post-agriculture in a global biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador. The results showed that the composition of vocalizing vertebrates identified by experts reflected the restoration gradient, and two automated measures correlated well with restoration. Furthermore, both measures also reflected the composition of non-vocalizing nocturnal insects. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of new technologies in monitoring forest recovery.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Ryan C. Burner, Joerg G. Stephan, Lukas Drag, Maria Potterf, Tone Birkemoe, Juha Siitonen, Jorg Mueller, Otso Ovaskainen, Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson, Tord Snaell
Summary: Functional trait approaches in ecology often face challenges due to the lack of clear hypotheses about trait-niche relationships. This study investigated how different metrics affect inferences about trait-niche relationships using saproxylic beetles in fragmented Finnish forests. The results showed that community-weighted mean trait values (CWMs) were more likely than hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs) to support trait-niche relationships.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sascha Roesner, Dana G. Schabo, Rupert Palme, Tomas Lorenc, Emily Mussard-Forster, Roland Brandl, Jöerg Mueller
Summary: By assessing the impact of habitat quality, abiotic factors, and human disturbance on the physiological stress response of capercaillie, it was found that high-quality habitats reduce stress levels, tourism-free refuge areas are important, and individual differences strongly influence response to environmental factors.
Article
Biology
Wolfgang Weisser, Nico Bluethgen, Michael Staab, Rafael Achury, Joerg Mueller
Summary: In response to reports of significant insect declines, there has been an increase in the gathering and analysis of insect time series data. However, there is still disagreement regarding the reasons behind these declines. To address this issue, it is necessary to conduct experiments in addition to quantitative analysis of existing data, in order to determine the most important drivers of decline. A coordinated effort among researchers is needed to rank these drivers and generate the knowledge necessary for effective conservation action.