Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tohid Piri-Gharaghie, Ghazal Ghajari, Shakiba Tolou-Shikhzadeh-Yazdi, Mona Aghassizadeh-Sherbaf, Sahar Khorsand-Dehkordi
Summary: Despite being a serious pathogen, the origin of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains unknown. Poultry, such as chicken and turkey, is widely consumed as a source of protein worldwide, making it important to ensure sanitary practices in poultry delivery for food. This study examined the distribution of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori isolates from poultry meat. The findings highlight the presence of H. pylori in raw poultry samples and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant genotypes, raising concerns about public health risks associated with consuming raw poultry.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mengheng Mi, Fangcao Wu, Jian Zhu, Fang Liu, Guzhen Cui, Xueqing Wen, Yue Hu, Zhaohui Deng, Xiaojuan Wu, Zhengrong Zhang, Tingna Qi, Zhenghong Chen
Summary: The research revealed the presence of heterogeneous Helicobacter pylori strains with resistance to different drugs and virulence within the gastric mucosa of individual patients. Genetic diversity among monoclonal strains influenced antibiotic susceptibility and some strains exhibited genotype variations impacting treatment efficacy.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Aina Ichihara, Hinako Ojima, Kazuyoshi Gotoh, Osamu Matsushita, Susumu Take, Hiroyuki Okada, Akari Watanabe, Kenji Yokota
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between different antibody reactivities and bacterial genome organization. High-reactive strains showed high gene homology, while inversion around the vacA gene was found in the genome of poorly responsive antigen strains.
Article
Microbiology
Xinbo Xu, Chunxi Shu, Xidong Wu, Yaobin Ouyang, Hong Cheng, Yanan Zhou, Huan Wang, Cong He, Chuan Xie, Xingxing He, Junbo Hong, Nonghua Lu, Zhongming Ge, Yin Zhu, Nianshuang Li
Summary: This study reveals the existence of a positive feedback loop between TAZ and beta-catenin in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection-induced gastric cancer. TAZ inhibition may serve as a potential target for the prevention of H. pylori infection-associated gastric cancer.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Salvatori, Irene Marafini, Federica Laudisi, Giovanni Monteleone, Carmine Stolfi
Summary: H. pylori infection contributes to the onset and development of gastric cancer through the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and DNA damage to gastric epithelial cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yoshiaki Usui, Yukari Taniyama, Mikiko Endo, Yuriko N. Koyanagi, Yumiko Kasugai, Isao Oze, Hidemi Ito, Issei Imoto, Tsutomu Tanaka, Masahiro Tajika, Yasumasa Niwa, Yusuke Iwasaki, Tomomi Aoi, Nozomi Hakozaki, Sadaaki Takata, Kunihiko Suzuki, Chikashi Terao, Masanori Hatakeyama, Makoto Hirata, Kokichi Sugano, Teruhiko Yoshida, Yoichiro Kamatani, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Koichi Matsuda, Yoshinori Murakami, Amanda B. Spurdle, Keitaro Matsuo, Yukihide Momozawa
Summary: This study reveals that certain genetic variants associated with Helicobacter pylori infection can increase the risk of gastric cancer. Individuals carrying these genetic variants and infected with H. pylori have an even higher risk of developing gastric cancer.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiujuan Xia, Linfang Zhang, Hao Wu, Feng Chen, Xuanyou Liu, Huifang Xu, Yuqi Cui, Qiang Zhu, Meifang Wang, Hong Hao, De-Pei Li, William P. Fay, Luis A. Martinez-Lemus, Michael A. Hill, Canxia Xu, Zhenguo Liu
Summary: This study found that CagA(+) H. pylori effectively colonizes gastric mucosa and impairs endothelial function, leading to increased atherosclerosis through exosomes-mediated ROS formation.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tomomi Kobatake, Keiki Ogino, Hiroyuki Sakae, Kazuyoshi Gotoh, Akari Watanabe, Osamu Matsushita, Hiroyuki Okada, Kenji Yokota
Summary: The study found that disulfiram has bactericidal effects on Helicobacter pylori at low concentrations, suggesting it can serve as a supplement to current H. pylori eradication drugs.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ebrahim Gholamhosseinzadeh, Hossein Ghalehnoei, Arash Kazemi Veisari, Somayeh Sheidaei, Hamid Reza Goli
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of certain virulence genes in Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies of patients with gastritis in Sari city, North of Iran. PCR analysis revealed that 72% of the samples were positive for cagA gene, 68% contained vacA gene, and 44% had both vacA and cagA genes. The high prevalence of these virulence genes in biopsies of gastritis patients is of concern and needs to be managed.
Article
Microbiology
Heqiang Sun, Taojun He, Yanan Wu, Hanmei Yuan, Jie Ning, Zhenhua Zhang, Xinli Deng, Bin Li, Chao Wu
Summary: The study found that CagA(-)H. pylori infection resulted in significantly elevated levels of chemokines CCL3 and CX3CL1 in the gastric mucosa. These chemokines promoted the migration of CD4(+) T cells, with the upregulation of the CX3CR1 receptor mainly in the CD4(+) effector memory T cell subset.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhijing Xue, Yuanhai You, Lihua He, Yanan Gong, Lu Sun, Xiurui Han, Ruyue Fan, Kangle Zhai, Yaming Yang, Maojun Zhang, Xiaomei Yan, Jianzhong Zhang
Summary: In this study, 503 CagA sequences were analyzed, revealing that most H. pylori strains in the Chinese population were of the CagA-ABD subtype, which was associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Amino acid polymorphisms at residues 893 and 894 flanking the EPIYA motifs were found to have a statistically significant association with gastric cancer.
Article
Virology
Diana A. Dominguez-Martinez, Jose I. Fontes-Lemus, Alejandro Garcia-Regalado, Angel Juarez-Flores, Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Panana
Summary: Helicobacter pylori and EBV are major risk factors for gastric cancer, and both can establish persistent infections and are considered carcinogenic. The study suggests that Helicobacter pylori infection facilitates the chemoattraction of EBV-infected B lymphocytes to the gastric mucosa, with IL-8 being identified as a powerful chemoattractant and CXCR2 as the main IL-8 receptor induced by EBV. Inhibition of IL-8 and CXCR2 reduces the chemoattraction of EBV-infected B lymphocytes, indicating an interaction mechanism between Helicobacter pylori and EBV.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zong-Bao Yan, Jin-Yu Zhang, Yi-Pin Lv, Wen-Qing Tian, Zhi-Guo Shan, Fang-Yuan Mao, Yu-Gang Liu, Wan-Yan Chen, Pan Wang, Yun Yang, Ping Cheng, Liu-Sheng Peng, Ya-Ling Liao, Geng-Yu Yue, Xiao-Lin Xu, Yong-Liang Zhao, Mu-Han Lu, Yuan Zhuang
Summary: The study found that REDD1 is increased in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients and mice. H. pylori induced GECs to express REDD1 via the phosphorylated cagA, activating the MAPKp38 pathway. In Redd1-/- mice, gastric inflammation, MHCII+ monocyte infiltration, IL-23, and IL-17A were all attenuated.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomohiko Yasuda, Hyun Seok Lee, Su Youn Nam, Hiroto Katoh, Yuko Ishibashi, Somay Yamagata Murayama, Hidenori Matsui, Hiroki Masuda, Emiko Rimbara, Nobuyuki Sakurazawa, Hideyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Yoshida, Yasuyuki Seto, Shumpei Ishikawa, Seong Woo Jeon, Masahiko Nakamura, Sachiyo Nomura
Summary: Genetic analysis and culturing techniques for gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are advancing, with NHPH reported to accompany certain gastric conditions. A study on Korean gastric cancer patients found a low percentage positive for NHPH, suggesting it may play a role in gastric cancer development, albeit with lower pathogenicity compared to H. pylori.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sebastian Diechler, Bianca E. Chichirau, Gernot Posselt, Dionyssios N. Sgouras, Silja Wessler
Summary: Research has shown that the diverse structure of CagA regulates B cell physiology, while B cell survival is independent of CagA.
Article
Immunology
Anthony O. Etyang, Ruth Lucinde, Henry Karanja, Catherine Kalu, Daisy Mugo, James Nyagwange, John Gitonga, James Tuju, Perpetual Wanjiku, Angela Karani, Shadrack Mutua, Hosea Maroko, Eddy Nzomo, Eric Maitha, Evanson Kamuri, Thuranira Kaugiria, Justus Weru, Lucy B. Ochola, Nelson Kilimo, Sande Charo, Namdala Emukule, Wycliffe Moracha, David Mukabi, Rosemary Okuku, Monicah Ogutu, Barrack Angujo, Mark Otiende, Christian Bottomley, Edward Otieno, Leonard Ndwiga, Amek Nyaguara, Shirine Voller, Charles N. Agoti, David James Nokes, Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier, Rashid Aman, Patrick Amoth, Mercy Mwangangi, Kadondi Kasera, Wangari Ng'ang'a, Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa, E. Wangeci Kagucia, Katherine Gallagher, Sophie Uyoga, Benjamin Tsofa, Edwine Barasa, Philip Bejon, J. Anthony G. Scott, Ambrose Agweyu, George M. Warimwe
Summary: The study reveals significant regional differences in seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in Kenya, but no differences based on professional cadre.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isatou Jagne, Alexander J. Keeley, Abdoulie Bojang, Bully Camara, Edrissa Jallow, Elina Senghore, Claire Oluwalana, Saikou Y. Bah, Claire E. Turner, Abdul Karim Sesay, Umberto D'Alessandro, Christian Bottomley, Thushan de Silva, Anna Roca
Summary: This study examined the impact of intra-partum azithromycin on maternal and neonatal Group A Streptococcus (GAS) carriage and antibiotic resistance. The results showed that azithromycin can reduce GAS carriage in the nasopharynx and breast milk of Gambian mothers and neonates, but it did not affect carriage in the vaginal tract. Azithromycin-resistant GAS was mainly found in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE(A)).
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jason P. Mooney, Sophia M. DonVito, Maimuna Jahateh, Haddy Bittaye, Marianne Keith, Lauren J. Galloway, Mortala Ndow, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Umberto D'Alessandro, Christian Bottomley, Eleanor M. Riley
Summary: Recent malaria is associated with an increased risk of systemic bacterial infection, and malaria-related hemolysis may be one contributing factor. A study on healthy Gambian children showed that persistent malaria infections and recently resolved infections have different physiological consequences. Persistent infections lead to a tolerogenic immune response, while resolved infections may cause a resetting and potential overshoot of the homeostatic hematological response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Giorgia Gon, Lucia Dansero, Alexander M. Aiken, Christian Bottomley, Stephanie J. Dancer, Wendy J. Graham, Olivia C. Ike, Michelle Lewis, Nick Meakin, Obiora Okafor, Nkolika S. Uwaezuoke, Tochi Joy Okwor
Summary: A study conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria showed that HOCl and NaOCl had similar efficacy in achieving microbiological cleanliness on surfaces, with HOCl acting at a lower concentration and having a better safety profile.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jason P. Mooney, Sophia M. DonVito, Maimuna Jahateh, Haddy Bittaye, Christian Bottomley, Umberto D'Alessandro, Eleanor M. Riley
Summary: This study characterized the prevalence of subclinical infections with Plasmodium falciparum in school-aged children at the beginning of the dry season in the Upper River Region of The Gambia. The majority of these infections were of extremely low parasite density and could only be detected by ultra-sensitive PCR analysis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth K. Lucinde, Daisy Mugo, Christian Bottomley, Angela Karani, Elizabeth Gardiner, Rabia Aziza, John N. Gitonga, Henry Karanja, James Nyagwange, James Tuju, Perpetual Wanjiku, Edward Nzomo, Evans Kamuri, Kaugiria Thuranira, Sarah Agunda, Gideon Nyutu, Anthony O. Etyang, Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa, Eunice Kagucia, Sophie Uyoga, Mark Otiende, Edward Otieno, Leonard Ndwiga, Charles N. Agoti, Rashid A. Aman, Mercy Mwangangi, Patrick Amoth, Kadondi Kasera, Amek Nyaguara, Wangari Ng'ang'a, Lucy B. Ochola, Emukule Namdala, Oscar Gaunya, Rosemary Okuku, Edwine Barasa, Philip Bejon, Benjamin Tsofa, L. Isabella Ochola-Oyier, George M. Warimwe, Ambrose Agweyu, J. Anthony G. Scott, Katherine E. Gallagher
Summary: This study used residual blood samples from antenatal care services in Kenya to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia, and Kilifi Counties. The results showed a significant amount of undetected transmission in these areas, and the adjusted prevalence estimates were lower than the actual infection rates.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Asandile Mathamo, Kimesh L. Naidoo, Jienchi Dorward, Thashir Archary, Christian Bottomley, Moherndran Archary
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a negative impact on viral load testing for children and adolescents. There was a trend of decreasing viral load testing even before the COVID-19 pandemic.
SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HIV MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
C. Bottomley, M. Ooko, A. Gasparrini, R. H. Keogh
Summary: Interrupted time series are increasingly used in assessing population impact of public health interventions. Proper analysis takes into account the auto correlation of the data, which can be addressed using the Prais-Winsten method, the Newey-West method, or autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) modeling. This study explores the performance of these methods in 20 simulated autocorrelation scenarios and suggests that the Prais-Winsten and ARMA methods perform best in terms of mean square error, while the Prais-Winsten method generally performs better in terms of coverage. The authors recommend using the Prais-Winsten method due to its good statistical properties and decision-free nature.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kallista Chan, Christian Bottomley, Kazuki Saito, Jo Lines, Lucy S. Tusting
Summary: The relatively stable aquatic conditions of irrigated lowland and rainfed rice can generate large numbers of malaria vectors. This study reveals that interventions such as larvicides, fish, and intermittent irrigation can effectively control mosquitos in rice fields. The critical obstacle to wider use is farmer acceptability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Roca, Bully Camara, Joel D. Bognini, Usman N. Nakakana, Athasana M. Some, Nathalie Beloum, Toussaint Rouamba, Fatoumata Sillah, Madikoi Danso, Joquina C. Jones, Shashu Graves, Isatou Jagne, Pauline Getanda, Saffiatou Darboe, Marc C. Tahita, Ebrahim Ndure, Hien S. Franck, Sawadogo Y. Edmond, Bai L. Dondeh, Wilfried G. J. Nassa, Zakaria Garba, Abdoulie Bojang, Yusupha Njie, Christian Bottomley, Halidou Tinto, Umberto D'Alessandro
Summary: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intrapartum azithromycin in reducing neonatal sepsis or mortality, as well as its impact on neonatal and maternal infections. The trial results showed that oral intrapartum azithromycin did not reduce the incidence of neonatal sepsis or mortality, suggesting it should not be routinely used for this purpose.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Annabel A. Powell, Georgina Ireland, Rebecca Leeson, Andrea Lacey, Ben Ford, John Poh, Samreen Ijaz, Justin Shute, Peter Cherepanov, Richard Tedder, Christian Bottomley, Fiona Dawe, Punam Mangtani, Peter Jones, Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Shamez N. Ladhani, Shazaad Ahmad, Frances Baawuah, Joanne Beckmann, Andrew Brent, Bernadette Brent, Joanna Garstang, Ifeanyichukwu O. Okike, Kevin Brown, Mary Ramsay, Chris Bonell, Sarah Cook, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Jody Phelan, James Hargreaves, Sinead Langan, Neisha Sundaram, Elliot McClenaghan, Gillian McKay, John Edmunds, Paul Fine
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the national and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in primary and secondary school children in England. The results showed that the national prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated primary school students was 40.1%, while in unvaccinated secondary school students it was 82.4%. These findings highlight the importance of seroprevalence studies in estimating prior exposure to the virus.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jienchi Dorward, Yukteshwar Sookrajh, Thokozani Khubone, Johan van der Molen, Riona Govender, Sifiso Phakathi, Lara Lewis, Christian Bottomley, Munthra Maraj, Richard J. Lessells, Kogieleum Naidoo, Christopher C. Butler, Rose Van Heerden, Nigel Garrett
Summary: This study examined the uptake of dolutegravir among men and women living with HIV in South Africa and its impact on clinical outcomes. The findings showed that women were less likely to receive dolutegravir compared to men, but the drug was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, the roll-out of dolutegravir should continue with a focus on including women.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Otiende, A. Nyaguara, C. Bottomley, D. Walumbe, G. Mochamah, D. Amadi, C. Nyundo, E. W. Kagucia, A. O. Etyang, I. M. O. Adetifa, S. P. C. Brand, E. Maitha, E. Chondo, E. Nzomo, R. Aman, M. Mwangangi, P. Amoth, K. Kasera, W. Ng'ang'a, E. Barasa, B. Tsofa, J. Mwangangi, P. Bejon, A. Agweyu, T. N. Williams, J. A. G. Scott
Summary: The mortality impact of COVID-19 in Africa remains controversial due to lack of comprehensive surveillance systems. A study in Kilifi, Kenya found relatively low excess mortality rates during the pandemic, except for older adults. This highlights the importance of achieving high vaccine coverage in this high-risk group.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Gabriel Davis Jones, Symon M. Kariuki, Anthony K. Ngugi, Angelina Kakooza Mwesige, Honorati Masanja, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Ryan Wagner, J. Helen Cross, Josemir W. Sander, Charles R. Newton, Arjune Sen
Summary: Researchers have developed a machine-learning questionnaire and predictive model to identify convulsive seizures in sub-Saharan Africa, and implemented them into a free app for healthcare workers in multiple African countries.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kallista Chan, Lucy S. Tusting, Christian Bottomley, Kazuki Saito, Rousseau Djouaka, Jo Lines
Summary: The study found that in the past, there was no significant difference in malaria rates between villages with irrigated rice fields and those without in areas with relatively intense malaria transmission. However, with the massive scale-up of interventions in recent years, there has been a significant increase in malaria risk in villages with irrigated rice fields.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2022)