Article
Infectious Diseases
Elena Novakova, Zuzana Stofkova, Vladimira Sadlonova, Lukas Hleba
Summary: This study analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of C. difficile isolates from patients with CDI in Slovakia, revealing a high prevalence of RT176 and 001.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou, Issa Sy, Markus Bischoff, Manuel J. Arroyo, Soeren L. Becker, Alexander Mellmann, Lutz von Mueller, Barbara Gaertner, Fabian K. Berger
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using MALDI-TOF technology combined with machine learning models to distinguish between hypervirulent and non-hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile. The results showed that certain machine learning models could accurately differentiate between hypervirulent and non-hypervirulent strains with a high accuracy rate and further sub-cluster the hypervirulent strains into three subgroups. The conclusion is that MALDI-TOF combined with machine learning is a reliable tool for rapid identification of major European hypervirulent strains.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Siobhan McSharry, Leonard Koolman, Paul Whyte, Declan Bolton
Summary: This study identified that disinfectants 2, 7, and 10 were the most effective in eliminating Clostridium spores in the meat plant environment, with D-values ranging from 2.1 to 8.4 min at 20 degrees C.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiratchaya Puangseree, Saharuetai Jeamsripong, Rangsiya Prathan, Chanika Pungpian, Rungtip Chuanchuen
Summary: The majority of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs, pork, and pig carcasses in Thailand were multidrug resistant. There was limited development of resistance to disinfectants and heavy metals, except for triclosan. Cross-resistance was observed between certain disinfectants and antibiotics, highlighting the role of multidrug efflux systems. The presence of disinfectants and heavy metals played a significant role in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dorota Wultanska, Bohdan Paterczyk, Julita Nowakowska, Hanna Pituch
Summary: The study investigated the antibacterial and antibiotic activity of bee products against Clostridioides difficile strains with different ribotypes. The research found that Manuka honey, pine honey, and bee bread showed antibacterial activity against C. difficile strains, and at subinhibitory concentrations, they increased the adhesion of the bacteria.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tebelay Dilnessa, Alem Getaneh, Workagegnehu Hailu, Feleke Moges, Baye Gelaw
Summary: A high prevalence of C. difficile was observed among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the need for attention and prevention. The resistance of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin was lower compared to other antibiotics.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pauline A. Lang, Ritu Raj, Anthony Tumber, Christopher T. Lohans, Patrick Rabe, Carol V. Robinson, J. Urgen Brem, Christopher J. Schofield
Summary: Beta-lactams are important antibacterials, but their use is compromised by resistance, which can be overcome by coadministration with SBL inhibitors like tazobactam and sulbactam; the new SBL inhibitor enmetazobactam has completed clinical trials with a wider range of inhibition capabilities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maryam Noori, Masoumeh Azimirad, Gita Eslami, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Abbas Yadegar, Zohreh Ghalavand, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: This study investigated the effects of SlpA extracted from C. difficile on the expression of tight junction proteins and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human colon carcinoma cells. The results highlighted the importance of SlpA in the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection and the inflammatory response in the gut.
Article
Microbiology
Dorota Wultanska, Pawel Karpinski, Michal Piotrowski, Hanna Pituch
Summary: Sub-MIC concentrations of metronidazole affect the biofilm formation of clinical and reference strains of Clostridioides difficile, particularly inducing biofilm formation in hypervirulent RT027 strains.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ishani Wickramage, Patrizia Spigaglia, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a major concern as one of the top five antibiotic resistance threats in the USA, with a global increase in multidrug resistance and emergence of more virulent strains. Understanding the evolving antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is crucial for guiding antibiotic stewardship policies and developing new therapeutic targets. Epidemiological surveillance and strain-specific characteristics are key in combating the spread of resistance genes among different CD strains.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Pia Laine, Hanna Nihtila, Ella Mustanoja, Annina Lyyski, Anne Ylinen, Jukka Hurme, Lars Paulin, Sakari Jokiranta, Petri Auvinen, Taru Meri
Summary: While most spontaneous mutations in the viral genome have no consequences, some can affect diagnostic tests. A variant strain found in Southern Finland in February 2021 showed mutations in the N gene that led to negative results in PCR tests. This variant belongs to the B.1.1.318 Pango lineage and differs from the Beta variant in certain aspects.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
P. A. Umina, J. Reidy-Crofts, O. Edwards, E. Chirgwin, S. Ward, J. Maino, M. Babineau
Summary: Globally, 27 aphid species have developed resistance to nearly 100 insecticide active ingredients. This study focused on the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) in Australia, which has shown resistance to multiple insecticides. The researchers conducted toxicity tests on different populations of A. craccivora against four insecticides and found alpha-cypermethrin to be the most effective. They also suggested proactive management and increased reliance on non-chemical pest control methods for A. craccivora.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lucie Blahova, Jan Kuta, Lenka Dolezalova, Sarka Kozakova, Tereza Krovova, Ludek Blaha
Summary: Antineoplastic drugs pose risks to healthcare staff and the efficiency of disinfectants to degrade these drugs is not well known. Hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectants show high efficiency in degrading certain ADs, while chlorine-based and peracetic acid-based products are the most efficient overall.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Waleed A. Hassanain, Julia Spoors, Christopher L. Johnson, Karen Faulds, Neil Keegan, Duncan Graham
Summary: The study introduces a novel testing platform for the rapid and simultaneous detection of two specific biomarkers of Clostridium difficile infection, providing a rapid, selective, sensitive, and cost-effective clinical evaluation method for CDI.