Review
Veterinary Sciences
Rustam Kh Ravilov, Albert A. Rizvanov, Danil N. Mingaleev, Antonina G. Galeeva, Elena Yu Zakirova, Eduard A. Shuralev, Catrin S. Rutland, Nail Khammadov, Marina A. Efimova
Summary: African swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease with a high mortality rate that causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry. The use of viral vectors to deliver immunogens is a promising approach for vaccine development. This review discusses the potential of viral vectors in carrying ASF virus genes and their impact on immune responses and protection against infection.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Justin G. Julander, Elaine Bunyan, Robert Jordan, Danielle P. Porter
Summary: This study demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir in treating yellow fever in a relevant animal model, showing prevention of disease onset, improvement in disease parameters, and efficacy even when treatment was initiated at a later stage post-virus infection.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haley E. Mudrick, Shane Massey, Erin B. McGlinch, Brian J. Parrett, Jack R. Hemsath, Mary E. Barry, Jeffrey D. Rubin, Chisom Uzendu, Michael J. Hansen, Courtney L. Erskine, Virginia P. Van Keulen, Aleksandra Drelich, Joseph A. Panos, Madiha Fida, Gina A. Suh, Tobias Peikert, Matthew S. Block, Chien-Te Kent Tseng, Gloria R. Olivier, Michael A. Barry
Summary: This study found that harnessing replication in vaccines to increase spike protein expression can generate higher levels of antibodies and provide more sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Microbiology
Thomas P. Monath, Richard Nichols, Lynda Tussey, Kelly Scappaticci, Thaddeus G. Pullano, Mary D. Whiteman, Nikos Vasilakis, Shannan L. Rossi, Rafael Kroon Campos, Sasha R. Azar, Heidi M. Spratt, Brent L. Seaton, W. Tad Archambault, Yanina Costecalde, Evan H. Moore, Roger J. Hawks, Joan Fusco
Summary: Researchers have developed a chimeric vaccine (PHV02) using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to prevent Nipah virus infection. The vaccine demonstrated neurovirulence in rodent models, but showed lower neurovirulence in a monkey experiment, indicating its safety. These findings are crucial for vaccine development and evaluation.
Review
Immunology
Ying Liu, Qing Ye
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a global challenge to human health, and vaccination is crucial in controlling the spread of the disease. Different COVID-19 vaccines have varying levels of safety and efficacy. This article aims to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing clinical data and mass vaccination data. It is found that inactivated vaccines have lower adverse reactions, with an efficacy of approximately 60%, while adenovirus-vectored vaccines have an efficacy of 65%, and mRNA vaccines have an efficacy of 90%. RNA-based vaccines are considered promising and important during a pandemic, but further improvements are required, such as the need for booster doses to maintain immunity and the potential benefits of heterologous prime-boost immunization.
Article
Immunology
Javier Martin, Alan David Thomas Barrett, Dianliang Lei, Philip Minor
Summary: The WHO Recommendations for yellow fever vaccines were established in 2010 to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy. A recent discrepancy in clinical scoring during the assessment of working seed lots led a vaccine manufacturer to propose aligning the neurotropism assessment of yellow fever vaccine seed lots with that of polio vaccine seed lots. A survey revealed technical challenges with the current neurovirulence test in monkeys, prompting discussions among manufacturers and regulators on potential revisions. Overall consensus was reached on the importance of clinical evaluation and the need for improvements in test execution and analysis. The appendix on neurotropism test will be further revised and discussed in future meetings along with other relevant issues.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Parinaz Aliahmad, Shigeki J. Miyake-Stoner, Andrew J. Geall, Nathaniel S. Wang
Summary: RNA technology is widely explored for various therapies, and synthetic self-replicating RNA vaccines derived from alphaviruses are being evaluated for clinical applications. In this article, the potential commonalities and differences in synthetic alphaviral self-replicating RNA vectors are described, highlighting the need for a customizable approach for clinical success.
CANCER GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gerardo Montalvo Zurbia-Flores, Christine S. Rollier, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
Summary: Despite the effectiveness of the yellow fever vaccine, issues such as contraindications and inadequate supply have led to the search for novel vaccine candidates to better control the disease.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Tomoki Yoshikawa
Summary: Vaccinia virus, once used as a smallpox vaccine, is now utilized for bioterrorism defense and as a vector for recombinant vaccines for infectious diseases. Third-generation smallpox vaccine strains like MVA and LC16m8 are popular for their balanced safety and immunogenicity profiles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia-Qi Li, Zhe-Rui Zhang, Hong-Qing Zhang, Ya-Nan Zhang, Xiang-Yue Zeng, Qiu-Yan Zhang, Cheng-Lin Deng, Xiao-Dan Li, Bo Zhang, Han-Qing Ye
Summary: The study demonstrated a safe and cost-effective method to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection by expressing neutralizing antibodies in the lungs. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, it was shown that self-replicating mRNA could efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection with reduced viral titer and tissue damage in the lung with the help of lung target delivery using the VRP system.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thomas Demoulins, Kai Schulze, Thomas Ebensen, Navapon Techakriengkrai, Teerawut Nedumpun, Pavlos C. Englezou, Markus Gerber, Ruslan Hlushchuk, Darien Toledo, Valentin Djonov, Stephan von Gunten, Kenneth C. McCullough, Matthias Liniger, Carlos A. Guzman, Sanipa Suradhat, Nicolas Ruggli
Summary: In this study, a synthetic delivery method for self-replicating replicon RNAs (RepRNA) derived from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) using a Coatsome-replicon vehicle based on Coatsome (R) SS technologies is described. The efficiency of this method is significantly higher than well-established polyplexes, resulting in up to a 65-fold increase in the synthesis of RepRNA-encoded gene of interest (GOI). The Coatsome-replicon vehicles are demonstrated to effectively induce CD8 T-cell responses in mice and show improved translation of the GOI when all CSFV structural protein genes are removed. Furthermore, RepRNA constructs encoding a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigen are successfully engineered, offering potential applications in combating viral diseases.
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Divya P. Shinde, Jessica A. Plante, Kenneth S. Plante, Scott C. Weaver
Summary: This review discusses the roles of animal models and arthropod vector studies in understanding the epidemic emergence of yellow fever virus (YFV). YFV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and South America, causing an estimated 30,000 deaths annually. Despite a highly successful vaccine, coverage is incomplete, and there is no approved treatment for YFV infection.
Article
Immunology
Fabienne Piras-Douce, Karine Broudic, Emilie Chautard, Franck Raynal, Virginie Courtois, Sylviane Gautheron, Nathalie Mantel
Summary: The increased demand for yellow fever vaccines has led to global shortages. A new live-attenuated vaccine candidate called vYF, cloned from YF-17D vaccine substrain adapted for growth in Vero cells, showed safety and immunogenicity in cynomolgus macaques. vYF provided effective protection against wild-type YFV Asibi, similar to the currently marketed YF-17D vaccines.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Clairissa A. Hansen, Alan D. T. Barrett
Summary: Yellow fever is a disease prevented by the 17D vaccine, but remains a major public health burden due to supply and demand issues. The World Health Organization has initiated the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) initiative, and second-generation vaccine candidates must demonstrate their safety and immunogenicity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily S. Medina-Magues, Jaime Lopera-Madrid, Michael K. Lo, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Joel M. Montgomery, Lex G. Medina-Magues, Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua, Angela P. Jimenez-Mora, Jorge E. Osorio
Summary: This study characterized the immunogenicity and safety of poxvirus-based Nipah vaccines in mice. The vaccines induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific immune responses in the lungs. The findings support the use of these vaccines as promising candidates to protect humans and animals from Nipah virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
